We present a palm recognition system that can be used for developing an interactive amusement including game contents. The first step of our system is to capture palm photographs using web camera and to extract hand region using YCbCr color transformation and the active contour model. In the second, we build a template that formulates the conditions for recognizing palm lines. We apply Hough transform to the hand region to extract line information and match the extracted lines with the template to recognize palm lines. We further build a series of fortunetelling stories that match the shape and organization of palm lines to complete the amusement system based on palm recognition.

The field of physical education in Korea has gone through many cycles over its long history. Changes have occurred as a result of either Korean politics or global trends. These changes have lead to positive results in the field of physical education. However, there are still problems remaining that cannot be solved by only a one time improvement. The problems that have existed in the past shall be considered and the fundamental concept of physical education shall be reinterpreted, deriving a new concept. To do so, first, the history of physical education shall be examined to see in what the established processes of physical education are and what alternatives exist. First of all, in global trends, the concept of physical education has changed from 'Education of the Physical' to 'Education through the Physical'. Today, physical education is discussed in terms of the concepts of 'discipline and profession' but 'Discipline' tends to be more emphasized than profession. However, it should be realized that movement or physical activity in humans is not primarily theoretical, but practical; it is something that is performed and acted upon. Second, physical education in South Korea has changed from the form of the gymnastics of the Enlightenment Period, to the gymnastics and military drill of the Japanese colonial period, to the physical education guidelines of the department of Health and Physical Education after liberation from Japan in 1945 through the concept of 'Education of the Physical' to 'Education through the Physical'. Currently, physical education in South Korea places a greater emphasis on discipline, and seems to have become estranged from frontline education. The quality of physical education will improve when discipline and profession are in balance. Lastly, a new paradigm for the educational justification for teaching physical education in schools is the education of sports culture. Anyone can teach physical activity, but sports culture as a part of physical activity can only be imparted by those who enjoy and understand it. When it is understood that sports culture is that which must be taught in school, then it is obvious why physical education must be offered in school. Sports culture consists of mental factors such as the spirit of sportsmanship, technical factors such as the interaction of health and technology, methodological factors such as fostering participation and enjoyment, and material factors such as up-to-date facilities and equipment. The main purpose of sports culture is to live like a sportsman. Sub-goals are fostering the spirit of sportsmanship, building a sportsman's body, teaching a love of sports, and making a great effort to encourage the development of sports. Even though physical education has so far been successful in many ways, physical education in the future must be more focused on sports culture. Teaching sports culture is a means to help students to understand, enjoy, participate in, and love sports, and to continue the development of sports in the future.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the physical education avoidance factors and the types of them for seeking the efficient teaching methods of physical education and making an appropriate learning environment which result in vitalized physical education. For this purpose, this study is planned to gain specific evidences. From May to July in 2013, the research has been conducted in Gangseo, Yangcheon, and Mapo area of Seoul. Among 420 of female middle school students who are the subjects originally, 349 of students are used as a data of spss 12.0 statistics. The conclusion is deducted by one-way ANOVA, corelation analysis, and multiple regression analysis based on the analysis contents and purpose. the conclusions were as follows; Firstly, as examining the avoidance factors of female middle school students from the background variables, the second grade students of middle school recognize the avoidance factors highest among sub factors based on the grades. In respect of the avoidance factors based on the school form, female students of coeducation school perceive the avoidance factors more than ones of girls' middle school. While female middle school students taught by male teachers are more aware of students factors, course contents factors, and weather factors, the students who are taught by female teachers recognize facility-instrument factors, teacher-teaching factors highly. In the avoidance factor based on whether a school has gym or not, middle school female students without gym perceive course content factors, teaching factors, and weather factors highly. On the other hand, middle school female students who do not have gym recognize student factors more than others. Secondly, in the case of avoidance types of middle school female students, second graders mark the highest states on not only the active avoidance but the passive one. While first graders are higher than third graders on the active avoidance, third graders appear highly on the passive avoidance compared to first graders. According to the types of school, middle female students in coeducation school avoid more on both active and passive avoidance. Based on the gender difference of the teachers, middle school female students who are taught by male instructors show the higher passive avoidance than ones taught by female instructors. Inversely the latter show higher avoidance on the active avoidance. Middle school female students who don’t utilize a physical training facility turn out having high tendency on both the active and passive avoidance. Thirdly the meaningful positive relationship between the physical education avoidance and the avoidance types exists. In the case of the active avoidance of physical education, students are influenced by teaching and weather factors meaningfully. Students factors, course content factors, and weather factors have meaningful influence on the passive avoidance. From all the features above, middle school female students have different avoidance factors based on the background variables. Also their avoidance types of physical education vary depending on the background variables. The avoidance factors of physical education have effects on the types of the avoidance.

An elementary school is an important public place for children and it is where they spend most of their days. Ten elementary schools of environmental pollutants were measured in the classroom, playground and school zones (June 19 ~ Nov 1, 2012). Dust measurements of some schools were more indoor air. Measurements of black carbon concentrations were higher overall school zones. Also, in the case of formaldehyde, benzene and some environmental standards were exceeded. In the case of outdoor pollutants not statistically significant, but in some cars and vans that were correlated with pollutants. Thus, strategies and actions are necessary that will protect the health of children in schools from environmental pollutants.

본 연구에서는 농가에서 동계 사료작물을 2012년 5월 중 순부터 하순까지 지역별로 조사료 생산성을 조사하여 조사 료의 생산성의 지표나 기초적인 통계자료로 활용하기 위해 수행되었다. 본 연구는 도별로 2개소씩 안배하여 총 16개 시 군 66개 농가를 무작위로 선정하여 IRG는 11개 시 군 22농가, 총체보리는 8개 시 군 21농가, 호밀은 5개 시 군 11농가, IRG +총체보리 혼파는 6개 시 군 12농가에서 실 측조사를 실시하였다. 조사료의 건물수량은 전체평균 9,418 kg/ha 이였으며, 호밀, IRG의 수량 보다 총체보리 또는 IRG +총체보리 혼파에서 높은 수량을 보였다. 조사지역중 공주(IRG +총체보리 혼파)에서 가장 높은 수량(15,128 kg/ha)을 보였으며 당진(간척지에서 IRG)에서는 가장 낮은 수량(3,885 kg/ha)을 나타냈다. 지역별 조사료 생산성은 일 정한 경향이 없이 다양한 분포를 나타내어 지역보다는 농 가의 재배수준에 따른 생산성 변화가 더 크게 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

본 연구는 조사료 종류와 수확시기에 따른 linoleic acid 함량 변화를 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 우리나라에서 재 배되는 주요 목초 및 사료작물에 대하여 3번의 수확시기로 구분하여 분석을 하였으며 전체 19종의 목초 및 사료작물 이 조사대상 이었다. 대상작물은 우리나라에서 많이 재배 되는 8종의 화본과 목초(Perennial ryegrass, Reed canarygrass, Tall fescue, Timothy, Bromegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, Orchardgrass and Wheat grass), 6종의 두과목초 (White clover, Red clover, Sweet clover, Crimson clover, Alfalfa and Hairy vetch), 그리고 5종의 월동 사료작물 (Italian ryegrass, Barley, Rye, Oat and Rape)에 대하여 3번 의 수확시기를 두었다(5월 8일, 5월 19일 및 5월 28일). 화본과 목초 중에서는 Reed canarygrass와 timothy가 가장 높은 linoleic acid 함량을 나타내었고 남방형 목초인 bromegrass가 가장 낮았다. 모든 초종은 5월 19일 조사 시 가장 높은 농도를 나타내었고 5월 28일 조사 시 가장 낮았 다. 두과목초는 화본과 목초보다 linoleic acid 함량이 높게 나타났으며 5월 19일 수확 시 가장 높은 농도를 보였다. 사료작물 중에서는 유채가 가장 높은 농도를 보였으며 호 밀은 높은 수준이었다. 조사된 전체 조사료에서 수확시기 가 진행됨에 따라 linoleic acid 함량이 감소하는 것으로 나 타났다. 이상의 연구를 종합하여 볼 때 육종, 품종의 선택 및 재배관리를 통하여 CLA 전구물질인 linoleic acid 함량 을 변화시켜 반추가축 생산물의 조성을 변화시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Globally, smart phones have been rapidly distributed, which has led to changes in people's life cycle. Most people who are under 60 are supposed to use smart phones. Additionally, as the ratio of people who are interested in physical exercise is increasing, some applications for smart phones can manage dividual's exercise with the web servers. However, most of them can only check how much individual works out and cannot compare other's body type and life environment. Moreover, users cannot share their own data with others. This paper proposed the system which can resolve those kinds of problems through data mining techniques. The suggested model will have ability to figure out the relation between body type and the amount of exercise, find out if his work is proper from the result of classification and can pick out the features which is common to people who have similar body type and the amount of workout by applying data mining techiques. This model also will be able to recommend the proper amount of workout to each individual in order that they keep good health state efficiently.

본 연구는 교정시설/소년원학교에서 실시되고 있는 문화예술교육 효과성을 측정할 수 있는 측정도구를 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 우선적으로 문헌검토를 통하여 이론적 근간을 마련하고, 현재 교정시설/소년원학교에서 운영되고 있는 문화예술교육 프로그램의 목적과 목표를 분석하고 문화예술 강사들의 포커스그룹 인터뷰 및 전문가와의 논의를 거쳐 문화예술교육 효과성의 구성개념과 예비문항을 구성하였다. 프로그램의 참여자들의 문항의 이해도를 높이기 위해 파일럿 테스트를 실시하고 윤문작업을 거쳤으며, 이후 탐색적 요인분석과 문항스크린 작업을 하였다. 본 조사는 2회로 나누어 실시하였는데, 1차 조사 설문지의 배포와 수거는 2011년 8월 10일부터 8월 20일에 걸쳐 시행하였으며, 총 842명(교정시설 589명, 소년원학교 253명)이 참여하였다. 2차 조사는 1차 조사의 분석결과를 바탕으로 문항조정을 실시하여 설문조사하였으며, 조사기간은 2011년 12월 10일부터 30일까지였으며, 총 691명(교정시설 505명, 소년원학교 186명)이 참여하였다. 측정된 결과는 문항스크린(기술통계치, 신뢰도 등), 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석 순으로 분석하였다. 탐색적 요인분석 결과 6개 요인, 63개 문항으로 최종 척도가 구성되었다. 전체 문화예술교육 효과성 척도의 신뢰도는 .927로 양호한 결과를 보였으며, 확인적 요인분석을 수행한 결과, 모형적합도 지수 또한 적절한 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 교정시설/소년원학교 문화예술교육 효과성을 측정하기 위한 척도는 최종적으로 ‘스트레스 17문항’, ‘사회성 17문항’, ‘문화예술 선호성 7문항’, ‘긍정성 10문항’, ‘자기조절력 8문항’, ‘표현력 4문항’의 6요인, 63개 문항으로 구성하였다.

본 시험은 사료용 옥수수의 검은줄오갈병에 대한 저항성 품종을 선발하기 위하여 2006년부터 2008년까지 전라북도고창에서 수행하였다. 국내외 사료용 옥수수 10품종을 1모작과 2모작으로 재배하여 품종에 따른 검은줄오갈병의 이병률과 수량성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 사료용 옥수수 품종에 따른 검은줄오갈병의 발병률이 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다 (p<0.05). 검은줄오갈병에 대한 저항성의 정도를 4개의 그룹으로 분류하면, 매우 강한 그룹은 ‘광안옥’과 ‘광평옥’, 강한 그룹은 ‘P3156’과 ‘P3394’, 중간 그룹은 ‘청안옥’과 ‘P32P75’, 약한 그룹은 ‘NC7117’, ‘수원 19호’ ‘DK697’및 ‘GW6959’ 품종이었다. 검은줄오갈병 발생에 따른 사료용 옥수수의 건물수량은 품종 간에 차이가 있었으며(p<0.05), 검은줄오갈병 저항성 품종인 ‘광안옥’, ‘광평옥’,‘P3156’ 및 ‘P3394’ 품종은 이병성 품종보다 건물수량이14～26% 많았다. 따라서 검은줄오갈병 발생이 심한 지역에서 옥수수 재배를 할 때는 반드시 저항성 품종을 선택하는것이 중요하다

The objective of this study was to provide basic data that is necessary for teachers to guide students by presenting an efficient operational direction of after-school physical activities that could satisfy both teachers and students through an accurate i

The purpose of this study was to find out the introduction process of western sports and sports activities of mission schools from the entrance of Christian missionaries in modern times of Korea to Gyeongsulgukchi (thirty years in Daehan Empire from the p

In this study, an HP-mod. type(KHR-45A), which is used as a heater tube material in the pyrolysis process, was evaluated for its carburizing properties. It was confirmed from the microstructural observation of the tubes that the volume fraction of carbide increased and that the coarsening of Cr-carbide generated as a degree of carburization increased. The depth of the hardened layer, which is similar to the thickness of the carburized region of each specimen, due to carburization is confirmed by measurement of the micro-Vickers hardness of the cross section tube, which thickness is similar to that of the carburized region of each specimen. Two types of chromium carbides were identified from the EBSD (electron back-scattered diffraction) image and the EDS (energy-dispersive spectroscopy) analysis: Cr-rich M23C6 in the outer region and Cr-rich M7C3 in the inner region of tubes. The EDS analysis revealed a correlation between the ferromagnetic behavior of the tubes and the chromium depletion in the matrix. The chromium depletion in the austenite matrix is the main cause of the magnetization of the carburized tube. The method used currently for the measurement of the carburization of the tubes is confirmed; carburizing evaluation is useful for magnetic flux density measurement. The volume fraction of the carbide increased as the measuring point moved into the carburized side; this was determined from the calculation of the volume fraction in the cross-section image of the tubes. These results are similar to the trends of carburization measurement when those trends were evaluated by measurement of the magnetic flux density.

Today, the modification of carbon foam for high performance remains a major issue in the environment and energy industries. One promising way to solve this problem is the optimization of the pore structure for desired properties as well as for efficient performance. In this study, using a sol-gel process followed by carbonization in an inert atmosphere, hollow spherical carbon foam was prepared using resorcinol and formaldehyde precursors catalyzed by 4-aminobenzoic acid; the effect of carbonization temperature and re-immersion treatment on the pore structure and characteristics of the hollow spherical carbon foam was investigated. As the carbonization temperature increased, the porosity and average pore diameter were found to decrease but the compression strength and electrical conductivity dramatically increased in the temperature range of this study (700˚C to 850˚C). The significant differences of X-ray diffraction patterns obtained from the carbon foams carbonized under different temperatures implied that the degree of crystallinity greatly affects the characteristics of the carbon form. Also, the number of re-impregnations of carbon form in the resorcinol-formaldehyde resin was varied from 1 to 10 times, followed by re-carbonization at 800˚C for 2 hours under argon gas flow. As the number of re-immersion treatments increased, the porosity decreased while the compression strength improved by about four times when re-impregnation was repeated 10 times. These results imply the possibility of customizing the characteristics of carbon foam by controlling the carbonization and re-immersion conditions.

조사료 재배 적지 기준 설정을 위한 연구의 일환으로, 국가적 사업으로 구축되어 있는 토양과 기후 데이터베이스를 이용하여, Italianryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., IRG)를 대상으로 강원도에서의 재배 가능 지역을 분류하였다. 토양 데이터베이스는 국립농업과학원의 흙토람에서, 기상 데이터베이스는 국립농림기상센터에서 받았다. 토양 요인 항목으로는 토양물리성인 토성, 배수, 경사, 유효 토심 및 암반노출 등, 토양 화학성인 토양 산도, 토양 염류도 및 유기물 함량 등을 선정하고, 이들의 기준값 및 가중치를 설정하였다. 기후 요인 항목으로는 1월 일최저평균온도, 3~5월의 평균온도,9~12월의 5'C 이상 일수, 10월~익년 5월의 강수일수와 강수량을 선정하고 기준값 및 가중치를 설정하였다. 토양 요인의 관점에서 강원도에서 IRG의 재배가능지 및 재배최적지는 영동지방의 경우 고성, 속초, 양양, 강릉, 동해 및삼척이며 주로 경사가 완만한 해안 지역에 분포하고 있었다. 영서지방은 철원, 양구, 춘천,원주, 횡성, 평창 및 정선에 주로 분포하고 있었다. 단 영동지방의 경우 서쪽 급경사인 태백산맥은 재배불가지이며, 경사가 완만한 해안지역을 중심으로 재배가능지 이상이었다. 기후요인의 관점에서 강원도에서 IRG의 재배가능지 또는 재배최적지로 영동지방의 경우 고성,속초, 양양, 강릉, 동해 및 삼척의 해안 지역이해당되었다. 영서지방의 경우 대부분의 지역이 재배 불리 지역으로 분류되었다. 일부 춘천과원주에서 60점 이상인 지역에서는 재배 관리에신중을 기해야 한다.

중산간지 휴경답에서 돈분액비를 이용한 다년생 목초 재배 시험을 수행하였다. 장소는 충남 금산이며 처리는 화학비료를 이용한 톨 페스큐 위주 혼파조합(대조구)과 돈분액비를 시용한 톨 페스큐(Fawn) 단파구, 페레니얼 라이그라스(Reveille) 단파구, 톨 페스큐 위주 혼파조합(톨 페스큐 16, 오차드그라스 6, 페레니얼라이그라스 4, 켄터키블루그라스 2, 화이트클로버 2 (kg/ha), 극만생 이탈리안 라이그라스(Ace), 레드클로버(Kenland) 단파구 및 리드 카나리그라스(Venture) 단파구를 두었다. 건물수량 및 목초율은 톨 페스큐 단파구, 톨 페스큐위주 혼파구, 리드 카나리그라스가 우수하여이 초종과 혼파 조합이 중산간지 휴경답에서돈분액비를 이용하여 초지를 조성 이용할 경우유리한 것으로 판명되었다. 또한 이 처리구의ha당 건물생산성은 14.5톤 이상으로 중산간지휴경답이 목초 재배에 매우 유리함을 입증하고있다. 또한 다년생 목초의 도입으로 매년 경운파종이 반복되는 번거로움을 생략할 수 있는유리함도 있다. 또한 사료가치와 기호성이 높은 레드클로버나 페레니얼 라이그라스는 영속성이 낮으나 보파 등 관리방법의 개선을 통해이용이 가능할 수 있을 것이다. 이와 같이 중산간지 휴경답에 적합한 초종이나 혼파조합을이용하면 생력적으로 사료가치와 기호성이 높은 양질목초의 고위 생산성을 달성할 수 있음이 입증되었다.