This study was performed to develop and optimize a rapid strip kit for the dual-detection of Aflatoxin B1 (AF) and Ochratoxin A (OTA). The strip kit is composed of sample pad, conjugation pad, nitrocellulose membrane, and absorbent pad. Manually spotted mycotoxin-BSA conjugates and anti-mouse IgG on nitrocellulose membrane were used as the test line and the control line, respectively. Conditions for rapid and easy detection of mycotoxins, conjugation between toxin-MAbs and nano Au particles, pretreatment method of pads, and composition of standards solutions were optimized. Feasibility of the strip kit to detect AF and OTA were evaluated with standard samples. Test results were acquired in 10 min and the detection limits were 100 ppm for AF and OTA, respectively.

일반적으로 특허기술을 실시하려는 자가 특허권자에게 실시료를 지불한다. 그런데 그러한 관계가 거꾸로 되는 경우가 있다. 역지불 합의(Reverse Payment Settlement)는 특허권자가 침해자 또는 잠재적 경쟁자에게“시장에 진입하지 않을 것; 특허의 유효성, 집행가능성 및 권리범위에 관하여 다투지 않을 것; 및/또는 시장 진입을 늦출 것을 조건으로 합의금을 지급하는 것”을 말한다. 당사자 사이의 합의의 일종인 역지불 합의는 소송 및 판결을 통한 것보다 훨씬 효율적인 분쟁해결 수단이 될 수 있다. 또한 특허권자는 기본적으로 배타적으로 특허기술을 실시할 독점적 권리를 가지고 있고 역지불 합의는 그러한 권리를 행사하는 자연스런 방법의 하나로 볼 수도 있다. 그러나 역지불합의는 특허권자가 제네릭 사업자의 시장 진입을 지연시킴으로써 해당 의약품 시장에서의 독점력을 유지하면서 일반 소비자에 대하여 높은 가격에 약품을 판매하는 데 이용될 수 있다. 제네릭 사업자가 막대한 합의금을 지급받아 시장에 진입하여 제네릭 약품을 판매하는 이상의 이익을 얻는 것 또한 항상 정당한 것으로 보이지 않는다. 이러한 상충하는 이익 및 가치로 인하여 역지불 합의를 과연 규제할 것인가 및 어떻게 규제할 것인가는 쉬운 문제가 아니다. Hatch-Waxman 법체계 아래 제네릭 사업자에게 특허의 효력 및 권리범위에 관하여 다툴 동기를 부여하고 있는 미국에서는, 다양한 형태의 역지불합의가 등장할 수 있고 그에 따라 많은 판례 및 이론이 나오고 있다. 그러나 역지불 합의의 성격 및 이를 반독점법상의 어떠한 규제원리(합리의 원칙; 당연 합법 또는 당연 위법)에 의하여 규율할 것인가에 관하여는 서로 상충되는 의견을 보이고 있어서, 그 규율기준이 확립되었다고 보기는 어렵다. 우리나라에서는 미국과 같이 역지불 합의가 많이 나올 수 있는 배경을 갖추고 있지 못해서인지 아직 이 부분에 대한 논의가 활성화되어 있지는 않다. 그러나 의약품 산업의 성장, 한∙미 자유무역협정의 체결 및 그 이행을 위한 의약-특허 연계제도의 도입과 더불어 그러한 사례가 등장할 것으로 예측된다. 그 경우 역지불 합의의 구체적인 내용에 따라 특허권의 정당한 행사로서 공정거래법이 아예 적용되지 않는 경우부터 합리의 원칙에 따라 그 친경쟁적 효과와 반경쟁적 효과를 따져 공정거래법 위반 여부를 판단하여야 할 경우, 그리고 당연히 위법한 것으로 보아야 하는 경우까지 다양한 유형이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Six sigma has been the most influential management innovation tool in order to achieve the customer’s satisfaction and keep the competition in the age of limitless competition. The success in six sigma is to find the correct CTQ (Critical to Quality). QFD

railroad has a benefit of the mass transportation of a passenger and cargo, but just a time of accident could cause a huge loss of a human life and property. Especially, a typhoon and a localized torrential downpour usually happened in summer season have caused average 38.29 times of the missing roadbed which support the railroad in recent 7 years. If a train would pass on this railroad which the roadbed was missed, there could be a huge accident and many people will die. But, the security issue is not satisfied because the method of sensing the missing roadbed is depending solely on the naked eye inspection by a person in charge. So, in this study, I would like to suggest the missing roadbed real-time sensing and train operation system to reduce the possibility of the railroad accident by controlling the operation of train when the missing roadbed condition would be sensed in the real-time system.

The specific feature of trains as a means of transportation is that, on one side, at once they can carry big loads but, at the same time, if an accident occurs, it potentially leads to many human casualties or big material losses. Especially, train accidents caused by bad weather conditions result in many fatal losses of human lives and property. In Korea many railways run either in mountainous areas or along rivers thus making them especially susceptible to natural hazards. The types of damages inflicted by heavy rains resulting from rapidly changing meteorological conditions are diverse; and not only their scope is big but also they repeat regularly. Consequently, this study analyses the reasons why such effects of heavy rains on the railway conditions, damage to the railways caused by heavy rains or cases of stone fall as well as other types of accidents are not avoided. Study also, on the basis of laws related to movement in poor weather conditions and specifics of train braking, identifies systematic and technical problems and suggests and emphasizes new complex measures on their prevention.

The specific feature of trains as a means of transportation is that, on one side, at once they can carry big loads but, at the same time, if an accident occurs, it potentially leads to many human casualties or big material losses. Especially, train accidents caused by bad weather conditions result in many fatal losses of human lives and property. In Korea many railways run either in mountainous areas or along rivers thus making them especially susceptible to natural hazards. The types of damages inflicted by heavy rains resulting from rapidly changing meteorological conditions are diverse; and not only their scope is big but also they repeat regularly. Consequently, this study analyses the reasons why such effects of heavy rains on the railway conditions, damage to the railways caused by heavy rains or cases of stone fall as well as other types of accidents are not avoided. Study also, on the basis of laws related to movement in poor weather conditions and specifics of train braking, identifies systematic and technical problems and suggests and emphasizes new complex measures on their prevention.

The effect of Al(OH)3 on physical, thermal, and retardant property of rubber was studied. It was analyzed by statistical experimental design method with one way array to confirm the effect of factors. Physical characteristics, thermal pyrolysis temperature, and combustion time were considered as the properties. The amount of Al(OH)3 addition was chosen as significant parameter. As the result of ANOVA analysis, thermal pyrolysis temperature increased and combustion time decreased with increasing of Al(OH)3.