연구는 1996년부터 2020년 06월까지의 국내 학교폭력예방관련 논문에서 어떠한 주제어로 연구가 수행되었는지 연구의 동향을 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 연구를 위해 학술연구정보서비스(RISS)를 활용하여 668편의 논문을 분석대상으로 선정하였고, 25년의 기간을 5년 단위로 총 5시기로 분류하여 키워드를 추출하였고, KrKwic 및 Gephi를 이용한 키워드 네트워크 분석을 진행하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 키워드 빈도의 특징은 ‘학교폭력’ 키워드가 가장 높은 빈도를 보였으며 ‘학교폭력예방, ‘청소년’, ‘사이버불링’, ‘학교’, ‘학교폭력예방프로그램’, ‘학교폭력 예방 및 대책에 관한 법률’, ‘따돌 림’, ‘청소년비행’등의 순으로 나타났다. 1차시기에서 5차시기로 갈수록 키워드의 양적증가가 나타났는데, 특히 4차시기에 키워드의 수가 급격히 증가하였다. 둘째, 네트워크의 연결 정도와 중심성 분석결과 전체 기간에서 ‘학교폭력’, ‘학교폭력예방’, ‘청소년’, ‘인성교육’, ‘공격성’, ‘사이버불링’, ‘학교전담경찰’, ‘학교’, ‘청소년비행’, ‘학교폭력예방프로그램’, ‘학교폭력예방 및 대책에 관한 법률’ 등이 연결 정도, 매개 중심성, 근접 중심성, 아이겐벡터 중심성에서 모두 높게 나타났다. 또한 1차시기 에서 5차시기로 갈수록 매개역할을 알아보는 다양한 키워드가 등장하여 연결망 구조가 복잡해졌다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 향후 학교폭력예방 분야의 연구와 미래교육의 실천적 발전을 위한 기초자료로 제공되기를 기대한다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the power ranking of mares on their offspring’s stereotypies and response behaviors against a restraining of their desire to eat. Nine horses (2-4 years old) - three offspring born from three Haflinger mares over 3 years - were assigned to three experimental groups (High, Middle, Low) divided by the power ranking of mares. Three mares had no oral or locomotor stereotypic behaviors, but the higher the power ranking of mares, the more diverse and longer the duration of the oral stereotypies of their offspring (p<0.05). Although the offspring born from the high-ranking mare vigorously continued oral stereotypies until 3-4 years of age, there were no individuals that progressed to chronic locomotor stereotypies such as crib-biting, weaving, and box-walking. With an increase in the power ranking of the mare, the response of her offspring to the restraining of the eating desire (measured in terms of the frequency of the oral and locomotor stereotypies) increased (p<0.05). In conclusion, the oral stereotypies shown in this study are characteristic behaviors that occur during the growth process. However, in the case of riding horses, the offspring of a high-power ranking mare and/or one that reacted excessively against restrains, may be better observed and treated in a stall to manage stereotypic behaviors and correct the behaviors at their initial stage.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate of black carrot on the antioxidant activity and quality characteristics of Sulgidduk. Sulgidduk was prepared with different amounts (0, 1, 2, 3, 4%) of black carrot. As the amount of added black carrot increased, the moisture content (p<0.05) and pH were decreased (p<0.001). Sugar content results showed the increase with the addition of black carrot (p<0.01). L (lightness) values and b (yellowness) values decreased whereas a (redness) values increased with an increased concentration of black carrot powder (p<0.001). The mechanical texture of Sulgidduk was decreased by the addition of black carrot considering hardness, chewiness and gumminess (p<0.001) while those of springiness, cohesiveness increased. Consumer acceptability test revealed that the 2% black carrot groups had a higher score than the other groups in respect to color, flavor, taste, texture, overall palatability. To examine antioxidant activities of Sulgidduk, total phenolic, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and total anthocyanin were tested. Total phenolic, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and total anthocyanin showed good vitality as amounts of black carrot powder increased (p<0.001). Based on the various aspects of results, 2% of black carrot added into Sulgidduk showed the best functionality and sensory qualities.

This study investigated the factors affecting restrained and emotional eating according to the BMI of college women in Seoul. Based on their weight, 514 college women were divided into 3 groups. General demographics, nutrient consumption, eating habits and DEBQ were subsequently evaluated. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the factors responsible for restrained and emotional eating in each group. Percentage of the overweight or obese group having negative emotions, such as frequency of overeating (p<0.05), habitual eating, regret, and guilt after overeating, was higher as compared to the other groups (p<0.001). Considering factors that affect restrained eating, negative emotion after overeating had a positive correlation in the underweight group (β=0.481, p<0.001). In the normalweight group, the BMI (β=0.201, p<0.001), total food intake (β=0.241, p=0.002), and negative emotion after overeating (β=0.284, p<0.001) positively affected restrained eating. In the underweight group, habitual eating (β=0.292, p=0.002) and negative emotions after overeating (β=0.233, p=0.012) were determined to affect emotional eating. Moreover, habitual eating (β=0.290, p<0.001) and negative emotions after overeating (β=0.172, p=0.004) were observed to influence emotional eating in the normal weight group. In the overweight and obese groups, habitual eating was determined to affect emotional eating (β=0.410, p<0.001). Taken together, these results provide a basis for creating a weight control program for young women having undesirable eating behaviors, such as restrained and emotional eating.

Background: Compared with normal people, stroke patients have decreased voluntary craniocervical motion, which affects their balance. Objects: This study was conducted in order to examine the effects of active craniocervical movement training using a cognitive game on stroke patient’s cervical movement control ability, balance, and functional mobility. Methods: The subject of this study were 29chronic stroke patients who were randomly allocated to either an experimental, cognitive game group (n = 15), or control group (n = 14), to which only neuro-developmental treatment (NDT) was applied. The intervention was conducted 5 times per week, 30 minutes per each time, for a total of 4 weeks. Active angle reproduction test, static stability test, limits of stability test, and Time up and Go (TUG) test, respectively, were carried out in order to evaluate cervical movement control ability, static balance, dynamic balance, and functional mobility. Paired t-test was used in order to compare differences between prior to after the intervention, along with an independent-test in order to compare prior to and after-intervention differences between the two groups. Results: After the craniocervical training with a body-driven cognitive game, the experimental group showed significant differences in flexion, extension, and lateral flexion on the affected side, and rotation on the affected side in the active angle reproduction test. The experimental group indicated significant differences in sway length both with eyes-open and with eyesclosed in the static stability test and in limits of stability test and TUG test. The control group to which NDT was applied had significant differences in flexion in the active angle reproduction test and in limits of stability test and TUG test. Conclusion: The above results mean that craniocervical training using a body-driven cognitive game positively influences stroke patient’s cervical movement control ability and as a result their balance and functional mobility.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the regular selling price and nutrient contents of foods used for special medical purposes in Korea. This study investigated the regular selling price and nutritional composition of 114 enteral nutrition (EN) foods on the manufacturer’s internet homepage. The average price of the total products was 1,156.0 won/100 mL. The price of foods used for calorie and nutrient supplementation (CNS) was significantly higher compared to that of the other EN food types (p<0.01). With respect to the nutritional content per 100 mL of the product, EN foods for CNS had significantly higher contents of energy, protein, 5 minerals, and 7 vitamins than the other EN food types. On comparing the nutritional contents of foods according to the price, the balanced nutrition foods showed significantly higher contents of energy, carbohydrate, protein, 3 minerals, and 7 vitamins in high-priced products than in low-priced foods. Summarizing these results, foods for CNS were approximately twice as expensive as the other EN foods, and the energy, protein, mineral, and vitamin contents were also high. Balanced nutrition foods had higher nutrient contents in high-priced products, which showed the relationship between the product price and nutrient content.

This study was carried out to investigate milling's effect on the pasting properties and storage stability of dry-milled rice flour. Rice flour's moisture content was increased from 9.48% to 9.80% after going through a rice polisher, and the crude fat content of rice flour was decreased from 0.91% to 0.62% after going through a rice polisher. In the color index of rice flour, the rice polisher was only affected by yellowness. The pasting properties were verified through RVA, and it was confirmed that the use of a rice polisher had no significant effect on the pasting properties. As a result of observing the changes in fatty acid value, it was ascertained that the storage period could be increased using the rice polisher. These results suggest that the rice polisher can increase the storage period without changing the pasting properties.

This study considered the rite of passage ceremonial food in the Mid-Choseon Period through the rite of passage ceremonies, food, and ingredients recorded in the Seoul Noble Ohhweemun Family Diary Shaemirok. The research used a contents analysis method through case studies. The noble families in the Mid-Choseon Period deemed the Jerye to be the most significant out of the traditional ceremonies. The nobles practiced the Sadehbongsah and the Yoonhweebongsah ceremonies for their ancestors. The Rite of passage ceremony required fruit. Of fish and birds, pheasants were used frequently during the ceremonies. Noble families, specifically the richer families, could sustainably normalize the rite of passage ceremonies against the elements. Seasonal ingredients were generally harvested even during spring and winter in large amounts. One of the last rites of passage food by Garye displayed diverse ingredients, such as Bangaeng, Myun, Tang, Uhyookjuk, Poe, Chae, Hae, and Silgwa. Such ingredients prove that the normalization of rite of passage ceremony food was well established and practiced. On the other hand, the birthday rite of passage food did not conform to a specific rite of passage normalcy or preparation. Instead, the birthday food showed a flexible menu of seasonal delicacies that were not confined to a particular traditional formula.

This study was conducted to compare the quality characteristics of firm tofu (coagulant calcium chloride, CaCl2 used) made from eight imported and four domestic soybeans selling in Korean markets. The 100-seed weight of soybeans imported from China and Seonpung cultivated in Korea was the highest at 33.23 g and 32.51 g, respectively. Soybeans imported from the USA (bulk type) showed the lowest at 16.12 g, followed by Ukraine at 16.94 g, and Brazil at 18.51 g. The range of protein and fat in the 12 soybeans was 37.08~41.36% and 18.35~22.17%, respectively. The isoflavone contents were the highest in Daepung2 cultivated in Korea at 3,764.10 μg/g and the lowest in soybeans imported from Brazil at 1,439.85 μg/g. Tofu yield among the samples was in the following order: Seonpung (235.2%), China (232.0%) Daepung2 (228.7%), Daechan (225.7%), and Brazil (208%). Tofu made with soybeans cultivated in Korea (including from China) showed a higher yield compared to that made from soybeans from seven other countries. In the analysis of the correlation of quality factors of tofu, the hardness of the tofu was correlated with 100-seed weight (r=0.676*) and protein content of the soybeans (r=0.837**). Tofu yield was correlated with 100-seed weight (r=0.748**) and protein content of the soybeans (r=0.583*).

고분자 전해질 막 연료전지(polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, PEMFC)는 환경오염물질 배출이 없는 친환경 에너지 변환 장치로 주목을 받고 있다. PEMFC의 구성요소 중 고분자 전해질 막(polymer electrolyte membrane, PEM)은 음 극에서 발생되는 수소이온을 양극으로 전달하는 역할과 동시에 분리막으로써 연료의 투과를 차단하는 역할을 수행하는 핵심 소재이다. 대표적으로 NafionⓇ과 같은 과불소화계 고분자 전해질 막이 상용화 되어있지만 높은 단가 및 분해 시 환경오염물 질이 배출되는 단점이 존재하여, 이를 대체할 탄화수소계 고분자를 활용한 전해질 막 개발에 관한 연구들이 수행되고 있다. 높은 수소이온 전도도를 가지며 동시에 우수한 물리⋅화학적 안정성을 갖는 탄화수소계 고분자 기반 전해질 막을 개발하기 위해 가교 구조가 도입된 전해질 막을 개발하는 연구들이 보고되고 있다. 본 총설은 가교 전해질 막을 제조하기 위해 이온교 환 작용기가 도입된 탄화수소계 고분자를 활용하여 다양한 종류의 가교 전해질 막을 제조하는 방법에 대해 논하였다.

본 연구는 지역의 자원을 발굴하고 지역주민의 삶의 질을 제고시키는 지역사회서비 스투자사업의 특성상 사업의 접근방식, 지역자원 발굴과정에 따라 사업의 진행양상이 전혀 다르게 나타날 수 있다는 것을 염두에 두고 새로운 지역발전의 전략으로서의 단서를 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 “지역사회서비스투자사업”의 개발과정 및 포괄보조내 우선순위 선정과정이 이용자와 지역사회 변화를 통해 도시환경을 개선하였는가에 주목하고, 지역사회서비스투자사업을 추진 중인 낙후지역을 선정하여 사례 연구를 진행하였다. 이를 통해 지역사회서비스투자사업이 내생적 지역개발 수단으로 작용하기 위해서는 서비스 발굴 및 기획단계에서 지역주민의 욕구를 반영하는 것이 중 요함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 점에서 강원도 지역자율형사회서비스투자사업의 성공적인 추진을 위해서는 단체장의 관심이 매우 중요하고, 차별화된 지역 특성을 고려한 다양한 사업을 적극적으로 발굴·기획하는 노력이 필요하다. 향후 지역사회서비스투자사업이 활 성화되어 사회서비스 제공과 지역의 개발이 동반성장하길 기대한다.

주지하다시피 우리말에서 차용해 활용되고 있는 한자음에는 지금까지도 중국 고대 한어의 특징이 잘 보존되어 있다. 이러한 인과 관계를 밝히기 위해 지난 연구에서 입성운자를 중심으로 양주방언과 우리말 한자어 입성운미의 대응관계를 살펴 본 바 있으나, 중국은 지역적으로 다양한 민족과 언어가 사용되고 있음을 고려할 때, 중국 의 특정 지역만을 가지고 한ㆍ중 양국의 入聲韻을 살피기에는 역부족인 측면이 있 다. 이에 본고에서는 광동어에도 고대한어의 입성운과 양성운이 잘 보존되어 있다는 사실에 주목하여 광동어를 중심으로 우리말 한자어의 음운 대응관계를 고찰해 보았 다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 먼저 광동어 일명 粤语와 우리말 한자음의 형성을 조사하 였고, 그 다음으로 중고음과 粤语의 대표 방언인 廣州話와 우리말 한자어 간의 발음 의 대응관계를 정리 및 분석하여 음운학의 연관성을 밝혀보았다. 특히 본 연구는 粤 语 중에는 우리말의 한자음과 유사하거나 똑같은 경우가 적지 않은 바 광동지역의 학생들이 우리말을 학습할 때 두 언어 간에 나타나는 음운의 유사성을 인식하고, 이를 토대로 그 대응관계를 이해한다면 보다 쉽게 우리말을 배우는데 도움이 될 것이 라고 기대해본다.

Purpose: This study compares the chest compression quality, and the willingness and confidence to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before and after education between the compression only CPR (COCPR) group and the standard CPR (STCPR) group using manikins. Method: This study employs a randomized controlled trial design. A total of 219 and 214 individuals were randomly assigned to the COCPR and STCPR groups, respectively. Both groups were asked to perform CPR for 2 min before and after education. The willingness and confidence to perform CPR were surveyed through a questionnaire. Results: Before education, the STCPR group had a significantly higher mean chest compression depth and accuracy than the COCPR group for the entire 2 min. After education, the STCPR group had a significantly higher mean chest compression depth for 2 min and higher compression accuracy for late 1 min than the COCPR group. However, no significant difference in the willingness and confidence to perform CPR according to the compression method was evident. Conclusion: Repeated training is required to maintain chest compression quality. CPR education improves willingness and confidence to perform CPR.

이 연구의 목적은 거리청소년을 위한 문진표를 개발하는 것이다. 학생건강검사에서 사용되는 청소년을 위한 건강검진 문진표가 있음에도 불구하고 거리청소년을 위해 별도의 문진표를 개발해야 하는 이유는 거리청소년들만의 독특한 생활양식이 일반 청소년과 는 다소 상반되기 때문이다. 청소년기에 가정을 떠나 장기적으로 거리를 배회하는 경우 위생과 영양결핍 그리고 다양한 질병에 노출될 가능성이 높고 우울, 불안 등과 같은 심리적⋅정신적 어려움 등을 호소하지만, 시의 적절하게 대처하지 못하는 경우가 많다. 따라서 거리청소년의 건강 수준을 파악하고 적절한 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 이들의 건강 정도를 스크리닝 할 수 있는 개별 문진표 마련이 시급한 것이다. 이러한 배경하에 개발된 거리청소년을 위한 문진표는 거리청소년의 건강 관련 욕구를 직접적으로 파악하는데 의의가 있다. 거리청소년의 건강 실태를 문진표를 통해 정확하게 파악하고 이를 근거로 적절한 의료지원을 제공한다면, 거리청소년의 건강 관련 서비스의 질을 높일 수 있 을 것이다.

This study was conducted to secure basic information for corn processing by comparing the quality characteristics according to maize cultivars and kernel types (dent, intermediate, flint-like). As a result of analyzing 15 cultivars, a range of measurements were observed: 100-kernel weight, 22.89~35.63 g; moisture, 7.57~8.42%; crude protein, 8.46~11.45%; crude lipids, 3.26~4.83%; Hunter’s L-value, 83.70~86.79; a-value, 2.61~5.49; b-value, 22.01~28.15; and total carotenoids, 6.74~17.07 μg/g. Significance among the cultivars was shown in all quality characteristics (p<0.001), but the significance among the kernel types was found only in crude protein (p<0.005), crude fat (p<0.001), and Hunter’s L-value (p<0.05). The hardness of maize was decreased proportionally to the soaking time for all maize cultivars (p<0.001). In particular, with the same soaking time for different kernel types, the hardness difference was shown in the order of flint-like > dent ≒ intermediate. It was confirmed that the decrease in the hardness of flint-like kernel of close to that of hard-type starch was slowed compare dent and intermediate kernels. So it is expected the some characteristic of kernel types will contribute to the appropriate customized use of the developed cultivars.

Dietary components can modulate stress, inflammatory indicators, and health risk. This study examined the relationship among diet, metabolic disease risk, and perceived stress in Korean adult females using the 2017-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 4,353 adult women aged 19-64 years were classified into four groups according to perceived stress level: very high stress group (VHSG, n=225), high stress group (HSG, n=1,079), moderate stress group (MSG, n=2,532), and low stress group (LSG, n=517). Data collection included the sociodemographics, anthropometrics, blood profile, and dietary survey. After adjusting for covariates, those in the VHSG had a higher body mass index (p=0.013) and obesity rate (p=0.053) with a shorter sleep time than the LSG group. The VHSG also tended to have a higher plasma LDL-cholesterol, hsC-reactive protein and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol, vitamin A, and vitamin E than the low stress group. High stress subjects demonstrated increased breakfast skipping frequency (p<0.0001), decreased fiber intake (p=0.001), potassium (p=0.041), and vitamin A (p=0.011) than the low stress ones. Therefore the perceived stress level was associated with the inflammatory indicators, obesity, and lack of anti-inflammatory or antioxidant nutrients. The dietary components may be an important mediator of stress and metabolic disease.

본 연구는 보육교직원의 아동학대 인식이 영유아 보호와 학대 예방에 미치는 영향에 검증함으로써, 교사와 영아의 긍정적인 상호작용으로 영아의 건전한 성장발달과 보육의 질을 향상하기 위한 방안을 마련하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구 방법은 선행연구의 문헌 검토를 통하여 보육교직원의 아동 학대 인식이 영유아 보호와 학대 예방에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 단계별 분석을 실시하였다. 보육교사의 영유아에 대한 보호와 학대 예방으로 영유아들의 건전한 성장발달을 마련하기 위한 것이다. 이를 통해 보육교직원들이 역할을 수행하는데 필요한 지도 방안을 지원하기 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다.