The purposes of this study are to describe the usages and meanings of insulting expressions for women used in Korean cyber space, and to analyze the attitudes of netizens about those expressions. In section 2, we make a list of the insulting expressions and classify their types. The insulting expressions identified in this study are fifteen neologisms such as ‘Kim-yeosa’ (김여사, female bad driver), ‘Orc-nyeo’ (오크녀, ugly girl), ‘Doenjang-nyeo’ (된장녀, a woman full of vanity) etc. They are classified into four categories in terms of their referent, duration, presence of male counterpart, and the focus of insulting. In section 3, we explain the usages and meanings of some representative insulting expressions. ‘Kim-yeosa’, ‘Orc-nyeo’, ‘Gaettong-nyeo’ (개똥녀, a girl with no etiquette), and ‘Doenjang-nyeo’ are analyzed closely by focusing on their basic meaning, expanded meaning, and the usages of derivatives or related forms. In section 4, with a statistical method, we compare the attitudes of netizens about ‘Kim-yeosa’ and ‘Doenjang-nyeo’ which are frequently used for all women. In the process of this analysis, we can figure out the fact that many insulting expressions are used actively for women in Korean cyber space. In addition, it will be proved that the male and the female are quite different in their attitudes about ‘Doenjang-nyeo’.

The purpose of this res않rch is to analyze the terrns of address assigned to visitors of some of the intemet sites that are administered by Korean govemment agencies. We focus es따ial ly on the use of the designated forrns of address that have 뾰en established by the operators of these sites. The data for this study was collected from what are considered to be the 24 major government intemet sites based on the amounts of site tr따fic or their Împortance in setting standards for the proper usage of the Korean language. 1n section 2, we describe the general characteristics that underlie the expression of site specific terms of address. 1n section 3, we observe the relationship of the identity of 9 prototypical individual sites 10 the s야cific terms of address that are employed on these sites. ln this approach, we treal the genre of visitors and the goals of the intemet sites as discrete analytical va디ables that are then an외yzed in terms of fonns of address as related to site identities. ln so doing, we note how the intemet site operators establish and maintain the identities and terrns of relationship that 잉이 st between the visitors and the govemment agencies that sponsor the web sites. In the prcκess of this an외ysi s， we will observe that the terrns of address for visitors are not necessarily identical in the similar types of intemet sites. Rather, the terms of ad따ess vary according to the intentions and attitudes of the operators of the intemet sites.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the expressions that are designated as prohibited words on the internet, and to examine the strategies that are used by netizens to evade these prohibitions. Words that are prohibited on the internet are defined as "the language expressions that are blocked up writing and searching for a dignified language life, youth protection, and the preservation of public order in cyberspace." It is a new language culture and a taboo of the 21st century that has happened in cyberspace. The main body of this study consists of three chapters. In chapter 2, the concepts of taboo and internet prohibited words, and the interrelationship of them are examined. From this, in chapter 3 we analyze the types and examples of prohibited words by referring to some lists of prohibited words. The counter-strategies of speakers are verified in chapter 4. Through this process, we get to understand the taboo or the expressions that are prohibited in cyberspace. We learn the background of the prohibition of words from netizens, as well. In addition, we report on language use strategies and linguistic variations in the internet age by examining the countermeasures adopted by netizens against the prohibition of words.

열수(Hot water)를 이용 조제분유 및 선식 준비 시 살균효과를 실험한 결과 60℃ 이상에서 살균 효과를 나타내었으나 조제분유와 선식에 열수를 가하였을 때 발생하는 온도 저하와 조제분유 및 선식 등의 분말 식품에서 biofilm을 생산하여 내열성이 증가되는 E. sakazakii의 특성을 고려하여 70℃ 이상의 열수로 조제분유 및 선식 등을 용해하여야 할 것으로 판단된다. 마이크로웨이브를 이용 E. sakazakii의 살균 효과를 실험한 결과 E. sakazakii를 제어하기 위하여 100 mL의 경우 90초 이상 가열하거나 온도측정이 곤란한 경우에는 최초 끓는 시점까지 가열한 후 냉각하여 섭취하여야할 것으로 조사되었다. 용해된 조제분유 및 선식의 저장 안정성을 평가하기 위해 5~35℃에 48시간 동안 보관하며 E. sakazakii의 성장곡선을 실험한 결과 5℃, 10℃ 냉장온도에서는 48시간까지 증식이 미약하였다. 그러나 냉장 온도에서 사멸하지 않고 미약하게 증식하는 E. sakazakii의 특성을 고려하여 조제분유 및 선식의 냉장 보관은 24시간 이내로 제한하여 섭취하여야 할 것으로 판단된다.

In Korean, there are many words which have the identical or similar meaning but different honorific usages. The words 'gamsahada' and 'gomapda' (thank) are used differently though they have the similar meaning. Korean speakers think that 'gamsahada', a loanword from Chinese, sounds far more polite than the pure Korean counterpart 'gomapda'. In this regard, for the most time, we use 'gamsahada' for a person with a higher rank than us, instead of using 'gomapda'. By contrast, we can say 'gomapda' to a person who has a lower rank than us. The two words have no difference in the propositional meaning. Nonetheless, the facts that they are used differently in connection with the relation of speaker and hearer imply that they have different functions in the use of honorifics. In this paper, we aim to analyze 'gamsahada' and 'gomapda' from the sociolinguistic perspective. We will use the data of modern Korean corpus of KAIST to understand how the two words are used differently in connection with the relationship between the speakers and the hearers. Furthermore, we identify the difference of usages by means of analyzing that they have what distribution or relative importance at the speech levels of hearer honorifics. This study is not only useful attempt for clarifying the detailed features of Korean honorifics, but also an essential task for understanding the Korean language profoundly.

한국에서 자생하는 125종의 식물에서 추출한 141가지 메탄올 추출물들에서 식품부패미생물인 Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes 그리고 Pseudomonas aeruginosa에 대한 항균 활성도를 조사하였다. Bacillus subtillis에 대해 가장 강한 항균력을 보인 것은 오미자였으며 staphylococcus aureus 에 대해서 대황이, Pseudomonas aeruginosa에 대해서는 산사가 가장 강한 항균력을 나타냈다. 금은화는 Bacillus subtilis를, 산사는 Stophylococcus aureus를, 모과와 황금은 Pseudomonas aeruginosa를, 모감주나무꽃, 밤나무꽃, 장미꽃과 파꽃은 Enterobacter aerogenes를, 오미자는 Escherichia coli를 제외한 나머지 4가지 균주에 모두 항균력이 있었다

Our study is aimed at proposal of systematic verification method of molecular structure using measuring method of selective ionic determination and spectrometry on 34 kinds of surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) which are most widely used today. In the IR spectrum, unsaturated fatty acids reveal themselves by HC= at 3000~3020cm-1, and intensity of 720cm-1 depends on carbon length of alkyl group. Also ethylene oxide(EO) adducts exhibit weak characteristic bands by -CH2-CH2-O at 1350, 1100 and 950cm-1. Isethionate can be distinguished from diester succinate by intensity ratio of 1740 and 1200cm-1 spectrums, the ratio of latter is close to 1 due to 2 carboxylate radical in diester succinate. Quaternary ammonium salts exhibit characteristic band of C4N+ at 1000-900㎝-1. In the case of dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts in quaternary ammonium surfactants, the spectrum of 3000cm-1 by N-CH3 collapses to a very weak band at 3020cm-1. In ammonium heterocyclic derivatives, pyridinium salts show characteristic bands at 1640 and 1460cm-1, while imidazolinium salts exhibit characteristic band at 1620-1610cm-1. In the characteristic spectrum at 1080-1050cm-1 on OH radicals of the alkyl esters, primary alcohol appears as weak band and the 2 bands show in almost same intensity when primary and secondary alcohols exist together in one molecule. Also, alkyl ester of polyhydric alcohols appears as various broad band.

E. coli P90C 배양액중의 phosphatase는 ATPase로 대표될 수 있고 phosphatase 활성을 측정하기 위해서는 반응액과 30분이상 반응시켜야 안정된 발색도를 나타내었다. β-galactosidase의 생산을 위해 전배양에서 본배양으로 접종하는 시기는 phosphatase의 활성이 급증하기 직전(3hr)이 가장 좋았으며, 본배양에서 phosphatase 활성은 대수증식기에서 최고였으며, β-galactosidase가 생성되기 시작하면 phosphatase의 활성이 떨어지기 시작하는 것으로 나타났다.