This study investigated the changes in the cyanogenic glycoside (CN-Glc) content of maesil chung (MC) prepared according to its preparation conditions (i.e., maesil part, sugar type, maesil-sugar mixing ratio, liquid separation) and sugaring-ripening period and the quality characteristics of their products finalized through filtration and heat treatment (85oC, 30 min) with the 6-month ripened MC. The CN-Glc content dramatically decreased when the maesil flesh, isomaltooligosaccharide, maesil:sugar ratio of 5:5, and liquid separation after the 4-month sugaring were applied to the MC production. The CN-Glc content decreased with the ripening period. There was no effect of filtration and heat treatment on the CN-Glc reduction of the MC product. The sugar type predominantly affected the soluble solid and total carbohydrate content of the MC products, and their contents increased in the order of high-fructose corn syrup > sucrose > isomaltooligosaccharide. The MC product at a maesil:sugar ratio of 6:4 exhibited the higher organic acid content. There was no direct association between the total polyphenolic compound content and the preparation conditions of the MC product. Overall, the use of maesil flesh as a maesil ingredient and more than 6-month ripening after liquid separation may be a pivotal factor in producing the cyanogenic glycoside-reduced maesil chung.

The objective of this study was to investigate changes in the cyanogenic glycoside (CN-Glc) content of apricot and plum chungs over the sugaring-ripening period and to evaluate their quality characteristics. The whole and flesh parts of the apricot and plum were mixed with sugar to a mixing ratio of 1:1 (w/w) to prepare their chungs, after which the fruit-sugar mixtures were stored for 13 months. The CN-Glc content dramatically increased within 3-4 months, reached the maximum, and gradually decreased over storage by 13 months. The apricot and plum chungs with seeds exhibited much higher CN-Glc contents than those without seeds. All chungs stored for 10 months were filtrated and treated for 30 min at 85oC to measure their quality characteristics. Similar soluble solid contents (53.4- 53.6oBx) were found in all chungs. The apricot and plum chungs without seeds exhibited the higher concentrations of total carbohydrate, organic acid, and total polyphenolic compounds than those with seeds. In addition, the color of the apricot and plum chungs without seeds was darker and deeper yellow than those with seeds. Overall, the apricot and plum flesh may be better for producing the stone fruit chungs with minimal CN-Glc content and better nutrition.

목 적：MRCP검사시 CS SPACE breath-hold기법을 사용하여 조영전과 Gd-EOB- DTPA 사용후 영상을 시간대별로 획 득하여 영상의 변화를 통해 담즙의 변화를 알아보고, 이를 바탕으로 3D T2강조 자기공명 담췌관 조영영상의 적절한 획득시기를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법：2017년 11월부터 2018년 1월까지 본원에 내원하여 Gd-EOB-DTPA를 사용하여 MRCP검사를 시행한 42 명을 대상으로 하였고 장비는 SIEMENS사의 Magnetom Skyra 3.0T를 사용하였다. Compressed Sensing SPACE breath-hold 기법으로 조영전과 Gd-EOB-DTPA를 사용한 역동적 조영검사 후 delay 4m, 6m, 8m 때의 3D T2강조 자기공명 담췌관 조영영상을 MIP기법을 사용하여 영상을 재구성한 뒤, RHD, LHD, CBD의 SNR과 CNR을 측정하였고, 정성적 평가는 조영전과 Gd-EOB-DTPA사용후 delay 4m, 6m, 8m때의 RHD, LHD, CBD를 복부전문 영상의학과 전문의 1명과 10년 이상 경력의 MRI전문 방사선사 1명이 5점 척도로 평가하였다. 결 과：조영전 RHD, LHD, CBD의 평균 SNR은 33.07, 32.18, 38.43 였고, Gd-EOB-DTPA사용후 delay 4m때의 평균 SNR은 38.1, 36.33, 43.16, delay 6m때는 37.79, 37.67, 44.46, delay 8m때는 30.24, 35.29, 41.45였다. CNR은 조영전이 평균 22.27, 21.36, 27.59, Gd-EOB-DTPA사용후 delay 4m때는 27.1, 25.32, 32.12, delay 6m때는 26.81, 26.71, 33.41, delay 8m때는 19.14, 24.21, 30.28 였다. delay 8m때의 RHD의 SNR과 CNR만 조영전과 비교해서 통계 적으로 유의하지 않았으며(p>0.05) 나머지는 통계적으로 유의했다(p<0.05). SNR과 CNR이 조영전부터 delay 8m때까지 순차적으로 계속 증가하는 경우는 전체의 47.6%였고, 조영전보다 delay 6m때의 SNR과 CNR이 더 높지만 delay 8m때 감소하는 경우가 전체의 40.5%, 조영전보다 delay 4m때의 SNR과 CNR이 더 높지만 delay 6m, 8m때 감소하는 경우는 전체의 11.9%였다. 정성적 평가는 조영전 RHD, LHD, CBD의 평균점수가 4.48, 4.55, 4.93였고, Gd-EOB-DTPA사용 후 delay 4m때는 4.48, 4.55, 4.86, delay 6m때는 4.12, 4.5, 4.88, delay 8m때는 3.55, 4.1, 4.64 였다. 조영전과 delay 4m은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었고(p<0.05), 조영전과 delay 6m은 RHD만, 조영전과 delay 8m은 RHD, LHD 가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p>0.05). 결 론：조영전과 Gd-EOB-DTPA사용후 delay 4m때의 영상의 진단적 차이가 없었으며, delay 4m때가 SNR과 CNR이 더 높았기 때문에 delay 4m때 breath-hold 3D T2강조 자기공명 담췌관 조영영상을 얻는것이 검사시간도 단축하고 더 좋은 영상을 얻을 수 있을겄으로 생각되며, 담췌관에 질병이 의심되는 환자에서 respiratory-triggered 3D T2강조 자기공 명 담췌관 조영영상은 역동적 조영검사 후에 바로 시행하여 delay 6m전에 검사를 획득한다면 담도배설이 시작되기 전에 영상을 획득하거나 담도배설이 어느정도 시작되었어도 높은 신호때부터 영상이 얻어졌기 때문에 조영전과 영상의 차이가 없고 시간을 많이 단축하는 방법이 될거라 생각된다.

2016년 중국으로 우리나라의 6개 RPC에서 쌀 수출을 개시 하면서 얻어진 우리쌀의 품질대비 가격경쟁력의 우수성과 수출 초기에 발생하였던 문제점 등의 해결 사례는 다음과 같다. 중국내 수입하여 유통중인 중단립종의 가격경쟁력은 일본산과 대만산이 우리 수출쌀에 비해서 2~3배 가격이 높게 유통 되고 있어 우리쌀의 품질관리 여부에 따라 수출가능성은 매우 높다고 할 수 있다. 쌀의 백도는 우리나라 수출쌀이 35내외로 낮은 편이나, 중국의 흑룡강성 최고급쌀인 우창쌀의 백도는 40이상으로 높은 편이다. 배아잔존율은 우리나라 수출쌀이 24% 정도이고 중국의 흑룡강성 최고급쌀인 우창쌀은 5%내외이다. 백도는 40이 상으로, 배아잔존율은 하계 3%이하, 동계 5%이하로 가공하였을 때 중국의 소비자 선호도가 증가 할것으로 사료된다. 진공포장이 풀리는 것을 방지하기 위해서는 쌀 사이에 충진재를 넣거나, 포장시 2중접착을 하거나, 열 접착시에 시간을 1~1.5초, 온도를 130~150oC, 진공압력을 270~300 mmHg로 하고, 이동시 편리성을 도모하기 위해 포장지 상부에 손잡이를 만드는 것도 중요하다. 훈증소독은 메틸브로마이드 보다는 인화수소를 이용하는 것과 중국 남방지역으로의 하계 수출시에는 고온 다습한 것을 감안하여 수분함량을 13%내외로 조절하는 것을 추천한다.

목 적：MRCP검사시 CS SPACE breath-hold기법을 사용하여 조영전과 Gd-EOB- DTPA 사용후 영상을 시 간대별로 획득하여 영상의 변화를 통해 담즙의 변화를 알아보고, 이를 바탕으로 3D T2강조 자기공명 담췌관 조영영상의 적절한 획득시기를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법：2017년 11월부터 2018년 1월까지 본원에 내원하여 Gd-EOB-DTPA를 사용하여 MRCP검사를 시행한 42명을 대상으로 하였고 장비는 SIEMENS사의 Magnetom Skyra 3.0T를 사용하였다. Compressed Sensing SPACE breath-hold 기법으로 조영전과 Gd-EOB-DTPA를 사용한 역동적 조 영검사 후 delay 4m, 6m, 8m 때의 3D T2강조 자기공명 담췌관 조영영상을 MIP기법을 사용하여 영상 을 재구성한 뒤, RHD, LHD, CBD의 SNR과 CNR을 측정하였고, 정성적 평가는 조영전과 Gd-EOB-DTPA사용후 delay 4m, 6m, 8m때의 RHD, LHD, CBD를 복부전문 영상의학과 전문의 1명과 10년 이상 경력의 MRI전문 방사선사 1명이 5점 척도로 평가하였다. 결 과：조영전 RHD, LHD, CBD의 평균 SNR은 33.07, 32.18, 38.43 였고, Gd-EOB-DTPA사용후 delay 4m때의 평균 SNR은 38.1, 36.33, 43.16, delay 6m때는 37.79, 37.67, 44.46, delay 8m때는 30.24, 35.29, 41.45였다. CNR은 조영전이 평균 22.27, 21.36, 27.59, Gd-EOB-DTPA 사용후 delay 4m때는 27.1, 25.32, 32.12, delay 6m때는 26.81, 26.71, 33.41, delay 8m때는 19.14, 24.21, 30.28 였다. delay 8m때의 RHD의 SNR과 CNR만 조영전과 비교해서 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으며(p>0.05) 나머지는 통계적으로 유의했다(p<0.05). SNR과 CNR이 조영전부터 delay 8m때까지 순차적으로 계속 증가하는 경우는 전체의 47.6%였고, 조영전보다 delay 6m때의 SNR과 CNR이 더 높 지만 delay 8m때 감소하는경우가 전체의 40.5%, 조영전보다 delay 4m때의 SNR과 CNR이 더 높지만 delay 6m, 8m때 감소하는경우는 전체의 11.9%였다. 정성적 평가는 조영전 RHD, LHD, CBD의 평균 점수가 4.48, 4.55, 4.93였고, Gd-EOB-DTPA사용후 delay 4m때는 4.48, 4.55, 4.86, delay 6m때 는 4.12, 4.5, 4.88, delay 8m때는 3.55, 4.1, 4.64 였다. 조영전과 delay 4m은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었고(p<0.05), 조영전과 delay 6m은 RHD만, 조영전과 delay 8m은 RHD, LHD가 통계적으 로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p>0.05). 결 론：조영전과 Gd-EOB-DTPA사용후 delay 4m때의 영상의 진단적 차이가 없었으며, delay 4m때가 SNR 과 CNR이 더 높았기 때문에 delay 4m때 breath-hold 3D T2강조 자기공명 담췌관 조영영상을 얻는것 이 검사시간도 단축하고 더 좋은 영상을 얻을 수 있을겄으로 생각되며, 담췌관에 질병이 의심되는 환자에 서 respiratory-triggered 3D T2강조 자기공명 담췌관 조영영상은 역동적 조영검사 후에 바로 시행하 여 delay 6m전에 검사를 획득한다면 담도배설이 시작되기 전에 영상을 획득하거나 담도배설이 어느정도 시작되었어도 높은 신호때부터 영상이 얻어졌기 때문에 조영전과 영상의 차이가 없고 시간을 많이 단축 하는 방법이 될거라 생각된다.

In January 2016, Korea began rice exporting to China from six domestic Rice Processing Complexes (RPC). The appearance characteristics and quality of medium-short grain milled rice between the exported Korean rice was compared with Wuchang rice, which is known as high quality in Heilongjiang province in China, and the imported rice from Japan and Taiwan in Chinese circulating marketing. The 1000-grain weight of exported rice is 22.4g, which is similar to that of Chinese Wuchang rice, but it tended to be heavier than that of Japanese and Taiwanese. The rice type is round in exporting Korean, Japanese, and Taiwanese rice while Chinese Wuchang rice is thin and long with 2.5. The head rice rate of export rice was 93.3 ~ 98.4%, which was 95.8% on average, which was higher than that of Chinese Wuchang rice, and similar to that of Japanese, and Taiwanese. The protein content of the export rice was 5.2 ~ 6.2%, which was 5.8% on average, similar to that of Chinese Wuchang rice, Japanese and Taiwanese. Amylose content was 18.5% of the exported rice, which was lower than that of Chinese Wuchang rice and slightly higher than that of Japanese and Taiwanese. The whiteness of the exported Korean rice was 35.6 on the average, lower than 41.8 of Chinese Wuchang rice, and lower than that of Japanese and Taiwanese. The purity of rice variety being exported ranged from 87.5 to 100.0%, which was 96.5% on average. This was much higher than that of Chinese Wuchang rice, while the Japanese and Taiwan rices were similar. The sensory test of rice by the experts, cooked rice of the exported was evaluated to be good for all items such as taste, sticky glutinous, and texture compared to Chinese Wuchang rice.

Ochratoxin A, which is frequently detected in cereals and infant diets worldwidely, is a mycotoxin to damage mainly the kidney and liver. Because ochratoxin A is highly thermostable compound. it is necessary to study ways of reducing level of ochratoxin A by controling processing steps. However, food processes, including extrusion, expansion, roasting, and steam cooking, which are used in order to mitigate the contents of ochratoxin A, are known to produce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are generated from radicals decomposed by pyrolysis. Therefore, this study analyzed the levels of 4 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benz (a) anthracene, chrysene, benzo (b) fluoranthene and benzo (a) pyrene in rice-based products made in high pressure and heating process. Rice samples were finely ground, and homogenized samples were alkaline treatement with 1 M KOH/EtOH and extracted with liquid-liquid extraction method using n-hexane. The extracted solution was pretreated with a silica cartridge. The purified solution was dried with nitrogen gas and dissolved in 1 mL of dichloromethane and injected into GC/MSD. We had overall recoveries for 4 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons spiked into rice samples ranging from 92.8 to 110.2%. The limit of quantitations of benz (a) anthracene, chrysene, benzo (b) fluoranthene and benzo (a) pyrene in rice-based product were 0.19 ng/g, 0.38 ng/g, 0.51 ng/g, and 0.31 ng/g, respectively. However, these 4 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in all processed rice samples were not detected.

Single ascospores were isolated and tested their characteristics such as mycelial growth, mycelial density, fruiting body formation ability, the production of perithecia in the breeding of new Cordyceps militaris mushroom. Among them selected isolates were crossed and hybrids were produced showing high quality fruiting bodies in artificial media. New strain 'Dowonhongcho’ was better on SDAY and at 10~25°C when it was compared with that of 'Yedang 3' in mycelial growth. The stromata of new strain were club-shaped and bright orange-red color. Its length was 6.1 cm and the cordycepin content was 0.34% on average. In comparison with 'Yedang 3', the new strain had a yield that was 9% higher and it produced fruiting bodies which were firmer. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was 22~25°C and the optimum temperature for stroma development was 18~22°C. Days of fruiting body were similar with 45 days from inoculation. This cultivar may serve as a valuable one for artificial cultivation and industrial-scale production of C. militaris.

당뇨 합병증을 일으키는 중요 매체인 산화 스트레스에 대한 매생이 추출물과 그 지표물질인 pheophorbide a (PhA)의 정소 조직 내 산화 스트레스 보호 효과를 streptozotocin(STZ)에 의해 유발된 당뇨 쥐 모델에서 확인하였다. 당뇨를 유발하는 물질로 알려진 STZ를 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)의 농도로 복강 투여하여 당뇨를 일으킨 후, 매생이 추출물(CFE)샘플을 각각 4, 20 mg/kg b.w. 그리고 PhA를0.2 mg/kg b.w.로 9 주간 투여하여 실험하였다. 정소 조직에서 산화 스트레스에 생성되는 체내 과산화물 지표인 혈액 nitric oxide와 지질 과산화물이 당뇨 유발군에 비해 CFE와 PhA 투여군에서 유의적인 감소를 보였으며, 체내 과산화물 축적을 제어하는 효소인 glutathione peroxidase,glutathione-S-transferase가 정상 수준으로 회복되었다. 또한, 체내 항산화 방어기작에서의 중요한 효소인 superoxide dismutase, catalase 활성 또한 샘플 투여 시 회복되는 것을 보아 CFE 투여군과 PhA투여군에서 조직 내 항산화 효소 조절과 함께 과산화물 축적 저해 효과를 통하여 당뇨 상태에서 고혈당에 의한 산화 스트레스가 일으키는 생식 조직 손상으로부터 매생이 추출물과 그 지표물질인 PhA는 보호 효과를 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

Spawn is the vegetative growth of the mycelium and serves as the inoculum or seed for cultivating mushrooms. Various cereal grains, such as wheat, millet, barley, sorghum, brown rice, rye, and oat were assessed to compare their characteristics and suitability for spawn production of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). The mycelial growth rates, density, and the number of completely colonized grains were measured from the twentieth day of inoculation. Wheat grains showed fastest mycelial growth with 8.4 cm followed by rye, oat, barley with 8.2, 7.5 and 7.3 cm, respectively. In the mycelial density, foxtail millet, barley, and sorghum were best compared with that of wheat grains. Especially, the number of grains which were completely colonized by mycelia were greatest in foxtail millet with 5,123 grains followed by proso millet, and wheat with 3,052 and 914, respectively. Based on the results obtained, barley, foxtail millet, and sorghum grains would be appropriate substituting for wheat grain in spawn production of button mushroom.

Spawn is pure culture of vegetative mycelium and has an important to play as the inoculum or seed in cultivating mushrooms. Different grains are used as spawn in button mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Various cereal grains, such as wheat, millet, barley, sorghum, brown rice, rye, oat were assessed to compare their suitability for production of button mushroom spawn. The mycelial growth rates, density, and the number of completed grains were measured from the twentieth day of inoculation. Wheat grains showed fastest mycelial growth with 8.4 cm followed by rye, oat, barley with 8.2, 7.5 and 7.3 cm, respectively. However, they were not significantly different at the 0.05 level. In the mycelial density, foxtail millet, barley, and sorghum were best compared with that of wheat grains. Especially, the number of grains which were completely colonized by mycelia were greatest in foxtail millet with 5,123 grains followed by proso millet, and wheat with 3,052 and 914, respectively. Based on the results obtained, barley, foxtail millet, and sorghum grains would be most appropriate for grain spawn production substituting wheat grain in button mushroom.

The study was conducted from July 5th to 12th, 2014 on 30 males and females. The examination device used for this study were Discovery XR656(GE Healthcare, Kemath, Germany) DR and SOMATOM definition AS+ CT. T he device was made of foamex (foam PVC). The posture for cubital tunnel view examination requires for patients to bend their elbows more than 60 degrees and turn their forearms 20 degrees externally. The analysis method of cubital tunnel depth(CTD) was to measure the length between the deepest location of groove for ulnar nerve and a line vertical to the line connecting protruding part of medial epicondyle and trochlea medial in order to measure the CTD with and without the assistance device. CTD were measured and compared from VRT images on CT examination of 30 males and females to prove the usability of the assistance device. For statistics, SPSS 18.0 version was used to conduct independent two samples t-test. Differences in CTD between the two sexes were nonexistent but, the differences in CTD according to the use of assistance device were 4.63±0.86mm in temporizing measure, and 6.01±0.27mm with the assistance device for male. For females, the results were 4.58±0.41mm in temporizing measure and 5.94±0.58mm with the assistance device. The results proved that the measured values of CTD are deeper with the use of assistance device. The difference between CTD value from CT of normal person and CTD level measured with X-ray using the assistance device were nonexistent. P<0.05) Use of an assistance device made more accurate and convenient examinations possible compared to examinations without any assistance devices. Use of the assistance device in this study in radiological examinations on Cubital Tunnel Syndrome would provide more accurate and convenient examinations in the future. Keyword : Cubital Tunnel

Cordyceps militaris is a entomopathogenic ascomycetous fungus and cultivated as a medicinal mushroom having many valuable biological and pharmaceutical activities. It was cultivated on five different grain media which were compared with silkworm pupa medium for the artificial fruiting body production. C/N ratio of pupa and bean media was low at 5.9 and 5.8 respectively, which was attribute to low nitrogen contents compared to others. The various media had a significant effect on mycelial growth, cordycepin contents, fruiting body production. The mycelial growth were greatest at barley and wheat media but least at pupa medium. The cordycepin contents were highest at bean and pupa media with 2.9 and 2.6 mg/g, respectively. This was followed by wheat, corn, barley and brown rice media. The yield of fruiting body was greatest at barley and wheat media but the yield and days to harvest were least at silkworm pupa medium.

The Monokaryotic isolates of two strains collected from two different strains 'SH' and 'MS of P. ostreatus were used to estimate the compatibility of matings. They were crossed in all combinations and dikaryon formation was assayed by the presence of clamp connections. All 134 dikaryotic F1 hybrids were obtained out of 144 monokaryotic crosses derived from two parent strains. The growth and density of the F1 hybrid mycelia differed considerably and the morphological characteristics of mycelial colony of F1 hybrids varied from cottony, feathery, puffy to streak. When the 12 monokaryons of 'SH' crossed with 12 monokaryons of 'MS', 122 strains were capable of normal fruiting and 12 were not fruited among 134 strains tested indicating 91% success rate. The reason for failure of fruiting body formation in 12 combinations may be not because of the incompatibility of mating types but unfavorable environmental condition for fruiting initiation and development. The pileus of F1 hybrids were varied with funnel 68.0%, hemispherical 25.4%, plane 6.6% in the shape and gray 59.8%, blue 35.3%, white 3.3%, brown 1.6% in the color.

Maintaining and preserving mushroom mycelial cultures for ensuring the genetic, morphological, physiological traits and viability over time are essential elements in mushroom production. A number of different mushroom species can be preserved by many means, such as cryopreservation, freeze-drying, and placement in preservation solutions like mineral oil, distilled water, or glycerol. This study tested simple and low-cost preservation methods of the mushroom strains from various species, namely Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus bisporus, Cordyceps militaris. Each mycelium was cultured and preserved in different storage temperatures and methods. Temperature were differed at 4, 14, 24, 34°C at agar slants. Different storage methods were cryobial tube with sterile water, cryobial tube + 10% glycerol, agar slant of test tube, and agar slant + mineral oil at 4°C for 2 years. The mushroom cultures were better in the viability and recovery at 4°C than those of preservation at higher temperatures. Result showed that all the mushroom strains tested remained viable without any contamination under all different storage methods over two year duration of the experiment. However, all the strains studied could be best stored in sterile water with 10% glycerol for the viability.

The effects of environmental and nutritional requirement such as temperature, pH, different media, carbon, nitrogen, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio on the mycelial growth of Cordyceps militaris strain ‘Yedang 3’ were studied. The optimum temperature and pH for the growth of mycelium were 20-25oC and pH 6-7, respectively. Out of ten media tested, mushroom complete media (MCM) was the best medium for fast mycelial growth, and Sabouraud’s dextrose agar yeast extract (SDAY), malt extract yeast extract agar (YMA) also were favored. The color and shape of colonies varied in different media. The best carbon sources for mycelial growth were fructose, mannitol, and sucrose, whereas the best nitrogen sources were tryptone and peptone. However, mycelia grew slowly in inorganic nitrogen compounds such as NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, and NaNO3. The optimum C:N ratio observed on the culture media was 30-40 range. These results provided basic information on cultural characteristics of vegetative growth and might be useful for spawn production in Cordyceps militaris.

t-BHP는 대표적인 산화스트레스에 의한 간 손상 모델이며, 본 연구자는 랫드에 기능성이 강화된 기능성 들깻잎 추출물(P. frutescens leaf extract, PLE)을 250, 500 또는 1000 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)으로 6일간 경구 투여하고 t-BHP의 복강 주사로 간 손상을 일으킨 후 기능성 들깻잎 추출물이 간에서 산화스트레스를 얼마나 억제하여 주는지를 혈액의 간 손상 지표인 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 그리고 alanine aminotransferase (ALT)를 측정하였으며, 간 조직에서 항산화 바이오 마커인 reduced glutathione (GSH), 지질과산화물의 척도인 malondialdehyde (MDA)를 통해서 측정하였다. 산화스트레스에 의한 간 손상시 GSH는 아무것도 처리하지 않은 정상 대조군(146.0 ± 5.4 mM GSH/g protein)에 비해 t-BHP로 산화스트레스를 유발한 그룹에서 128.6 ± 6.8 mM GSH/g protein로 감소하였다. 반면 기능성 들깻잎 추출물을 250, 500 그리고 1000 mg/kg b.w. 을 투여한 그룹에서는 129.3 ± 2.6 mM GSH/g protein, 151.9 ± 6.8 mM GSH/ g protein, 171.9 ± 5.2 mM GSH/g protein로 농도 의존적으 로 GSH 함량이 회복되는 경향을 나타내며, 500 mg/kg b.w. 투여군부터 정상 대조군의 GSH 함량과 비슷한 수준을 나타내었다. 또한, 간 조직에서 산화스트레스에 의하여 발생된 지질 과산화물을 측정하였을 때 t-BHP에 의하여 산화스트레스만 유발한 그룹은 834.0 ± 154.7 μM/g protein 로 정상 대 조군의 385.6 ± 39.7 μM/g protein 보다 2.17배 높은 MDA 를 생성한 것으로 지질과산화가 많이 일어난 것을 확인하였으나, 기능성 들깻잎 추출물을 투여한 그룹의 MDA의 생성량은 669.2 ± 145.0, 595.1 ± 142.6, 415.9 ± 133.8 μM/g protein 로 농도에 따라 감소하는 경향을 확인하였다. 랫드의 간 조직에서, 독성을 유발하는 t-BHP를 복강 투여 후 기능성 들깻잎 추출물을 경구 투여하였을 때 지질과산화의 지표인 MDA의 감소와 항산화의 지표인 GSH 함량이 증 가하였다. 조직병리학적 확인을 위하여 간 조직을 H&E 염색 후 광학현미경으로 관찰하였을 때, t-BHP만 처리한 음성 대조군의 경우 간 세포의 괴사와 조직의 변형을 확인할 수 있었지만 기능성 들깻잎 추출물을 처리하였을 경우 모두 정상 상태의 조직을 관찰할 수 있었다. 위의 결과들을 종합하였을 때, t-BHP가 간에서 산화스 트레스를 유발하여 간 손상을 야기시키고, 간 조직의 인지질 막 손상을 줄 수 있으며, 기능성 들깻잎 추출물은 간 손상에 대한 보호 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

The button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is one of the most widely cultivated important edible mushroom species. In the breeding of new button mushroom, ‘Seolgang’ was developed by crossing two monokaryons ‘CM020913-27’ and ‘SSU423-31’. Because of the secondarily homothallism, only a small percentage of the basidia produce 3 or 4 spores, which are mostly haploid (n) and do not fruit. Single spore cultures derived from these types of spores produce a vegetative mycelium that also contain a variable number of genetically identical nuclei per cell called monokaryon. The lack of clamp connections between monokaryon and dikaryon required a series of mycelial culture and fruiting test. After crossing, hybrids were cultivated on a small scale and on a commercial scale at a farm. For this, the spawn was made by a commercial spawn producer and the spawned compost by a commercial compost producer. Mycelial growth of ‘Seolgang’ on CDA was better at 20℃ and 25℃ when it was compared with that of ‘505 Ho’. The mature cap shape of new strain ‘Seolgang’ is oblate spheroid and the immature cap shape is round to oblate spheroid. The cap diameter was 41.2 mm on average. In comparison with white strain ‘505 Ho’, the strain had a yield that was 9% higher. It produced fruiting bodies which had a higher weight on average per fruiting body and were 19% firmer with a good shelf life. Days of fruiting body were 3-4 days later than those of ‘505 Ho’. The physical characteristics such as elasticity, chewiness, adhesiveness were better than that of ‘505 Ho’. Genetic analysis of the new strain ‘Seolgang’ showed different profiles compared to ‘505 Ho’, CM02913-27, SSU413-31, when RAPD primers A02 and O04 were used.

A Pleurotus ostreatus strain ‘CM0109068’ showing gray and semispherical in color and shape of pileus were examined in its tetrapolarity of mating types. Single basidiospores were isolated from its fruiting body and monokaryotic mycelia were obtained from each isolate. Mating experiments were performed using 22 monokaryons to provide mating compatibility data. Pairings were performed in the petri dishes on PDA and they were allowed to grow at 25℃ until two fronts of the advancing mycelia met and developed a conspicuous contact zone. The contact zone and the outer edges of paired colonies on each plate were examined for clamp connections and the crosses were considered dikaryotized when clamp connections were found at the growing margin of either side of the interacting monokaryons. The tested monokaryons resulted in tetrapolar incompatibility in intrastrain crosses. Compatible matings were distinguished from incompatible ones by the rapid growth and gross morphology. The dikaryotic mycelium colony was also confirmed microscopically by the presence of clamp connections from incompatible pairings. The four classes of tester strains representing the four incompatibility types were chosen from intrastrain mating tests. The mating tests with the tester strain were performed for the determination of the rest monokaryons and as a result of these tests it was found that the strain share the same A and B incompatibility factors showing tetrapolar incompatibility characteristics.

Pleurotus ostreatus ‘Miso’ is a mutant strain showing white color in pileus from the known parent strain ‘Wonhyeong 1’. Shape and several other characters also vary with culture conditions. Mating experiments were performed to understand interstrain mating relationship using monokaryons of the parent and the mutant strains. All monokaryons were grown from single spores isolated from freshly collected fruit bodies. Pairings were performed in 90 mm petri dishes on PDA. They were allowed to grow at 25 until two fronts of the advancing mycelia met and developed a conspicuous contact zone. The contact zone and the outer edges of paired colonies on each plate were examined for clamp connections. The parent and the mutant resulted in tetrapolar incompatibility in intrastrain crosses. In interstrain crosses, each monokaryotic tester strain of the parent strain was out-crossed to monokaryotic tester strains of the mutant. As a result of these crosses it was found that both strains share the same A and B incompatibility factors yielding 25% compatibility.