The quality and antioxidant characteristics of apios (Apios americana Medikus) according to different harvest periods and steaming treatment were investigated. The quality and antioxidant characteristics of apios were significantly different depending on harvest periods. Total starch contents was higher in 1st harvesting period as 62.32 g/100 g than other harvesting period. The water binding capacity and water solubility index was higher in 1st harvesting period as 228.65 and 11.29% than other harvesting period. The sucrose and total free sugar contents were 3.64~8.67 and 4.49~9.54 g/100 g, respectively. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of apios was the highest 2nd and 4th harvesting period at 4.21 mg GAE/g and 611.11 μg CE/g, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in 1st harvesting period as 84.96 mg TE/100 g than other harvesting period, and decreased as the harvest periods were delayed. ABTS radical scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power were 43.81~47.89 mg TE/g and 231.20~264.07 mM/100 g, and increased to 50.58~51.44 mg TE/g and 342.55~384.29 mM/100 g after heat treatment. As a result, it is thought that studies on change of quality and physicochemical characteristics according to cultivation characteristics should be preceded for cultivation stability of apios.

본 연구는 지역별로 수집한 유채 균핵병 균주에 대해 등록 된 3종의 약제를 사용하여 저항성 검정을 실시하였고, 저항성 발생 가능성이 있는 약제의 작용 기작과 관련한 유전자를 분석하여 변이 유무를 확인하였다. 1. Carbendazim-diethofencarb 약제배지의 경우, 0.1 ppm 농도에서 균사 생장 억제율은 13.3~41.9% 범위로 나타났으며, 1 ppm 이상의 농도에서는 모든 균주에서 96.1% 억제율을 보여 균주의 저항성이 확인되지 않았다. 2. Fludioxonil 약제배지는 0.1 ppm 농도에서 균사의 생장이 94.2% 이상 억제되었으며, 1 ppm 농도에서부터 100%의 억제 율을 보여 가장 약제 효과가 우수한 것으로 나타나 수집한 모든 균주에서 약제의 감수성을 확인하였다. 3. Boscalid 약제배지는 앞선 2종의 약제에 비해 균주의 균사 생장 억제가 뚜렷하지 않았다. 특히 10 ppm 농도에서 무안 수집 균주는 93.9%, 나주 수집 균주는 79.3%로 지역 간 차이가 있었으며, 1000 ppm의 높은 약제 농도에서도 균사의 생장을 100%까지 억제하지 못해 약제에 대한 균주의 저항성 발생 가능성을 추측하였다. 4. 3종의 시험 약제 농도별 균핵병 균주의 균사 생장을 50% 억제하는 농도(EC50)를 분석한 결과, Fludioxonil, Carbendazim-diethofencarb, Boscalid 약제순이었으며, 그 값은 각각 0.06, 0.16, 0.43 ppm으로 나타났다. 5. 또한, 3종의 시험 약제 농도별 발생한 균주의 균핵 형성 능력은 1 ppm 농도에서 Carbendazim-diethofencarb는 5.6개, Fludioxonil은 0개로 나타난 반면, Boscalid는 최대 11.3개의 균핵이 형성되어 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 6. Boscalid 약제에 대한 균주의 저항성을 확인하기 위해 해당 약제의 작용 기작인 SDHI와 관련된 유전자 SdhB를 염기 서열 분석하였다. 염기서열 분석 결과 무안 및 부산에서 수집 한 균주의 경우 SdhB 표준 염기서열과 일치하여 감수성이었으나, 나주, 당진, 제주, 영암에서 수집한 균주는 32번째 염기 가 C→T로 치환되어 GCA(Alanine)→GTA(Valine) 점 돌연변이를 확인하였다.

A new colored soybean variety ‘Jungmo3005’ was developed as a breeding parent. ‘Cheongjakong’ and ‘Geomjeongkong3’ were crossed in 2000. F1 and F2 populations were grown for 2 years and selected by pedigree method from F3 to F5. The preliminary yield trial (PYT) and advanced yield trial (AYT) were conducted from 2006 to 2007, and regional yield trial (RYT) in 9 regions was conducted from 2008 to 2010. ‘Jungmo3005’ is determinate, white flower, green cotyledon, green spherical seed and yellow hilum. Flowering date and maturing date were July 30 and Oct. 7, respectively. Other quantitative characteristics of ‘Jungmo3005’ were similar to ‘Cheongdu1’, but it was more tolerant to lodging and shattering than ‘Cheongdu1’ at RYT field and indoor test. Although ‘Jungmo3005’ showed symptom of mosaic disease in inoculation test at greenhouse, it had high level of resistance to soybean mosaic virus and bacterial pustule diseases at field. The yield of tofu of ‘Jungmo3005’ was more than that of ‘Cheongdu1’. The mean yield of ‘Jungmo3005’ in RYT was 256kg/10a which was 97% of the yield of ‘Cheongdu1’. ‘Jungmo3005’ is expected to be widely used as a breeding parent to cross with other varieties and lines for creating colored soybean cultivars with tolerance to lodging, shattering and bacterial pustule.

Soybean cultivar ‘Seonpung’ was developed for soy-paste and tofu. Suwon 224 and YS1325-3S-2 were crossed in 2003 and selected from F3 to F5 by pedigree method. The preliminary yield trial (PYT) and advanced yield trial (AYT) were conducted from 2009 to 2010, and regional yield trial (RYT) in twelve regions was conducted from 2011 to 2013. In RYT, ‘Seonpung’ was stable in variable environments and a high yield cultivar. ‘Seonpung’ is determinate, white flower, yellow spherical seed and yellow hilum. Flowering date and maturity date were Aug. 5 and Oct. 19, respectively. Plant height was similar to ‘Daewonkong (standard cultivar)’. However ‘Seonpung’ has higher node number (16) and seed weight (25.9g/100-seed weight) than ‘Daewonkong’ (14 and 24.2g/100-seed weight). ‘Seonpung’ is resistant to root rot, and it also has high level of resistance to bacterial pustule and soybean mosaic virus. The yield of tofu of ‘Seonpung’ was 241%, and noticeably lighter, and solidity was higher than ‘Daewonkong’. Soybean malt scent, fermented soybean yield and γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) of ‘Seonpung’ were 4, 181% and 31.7㎎/g. The yield in adaptable regions was 340kg/10a (21% increase compared to ‘Daewonkong’). ‘Seonpung’ is expected to be cultivated and used widely for soy-paste and tofu. (Registration number: 5931)

Early maturity of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important character for double cultivating system with winter crops such as onion or garlic in southern area of Korea. Soybean cultivars released in the past, especially ‘Keunolkong’ was widely cultivated but it was weak at abiotic stress and low yield potential because of too short growing period and short stem height. ‘Hanol’, a new early maturing cultivar showing better abiotic stress tolerant and higher yield potential, was developed from the cross between SS91408 and ‘Hwaeomputkong’, and released in 2009. ‘Hanol’ is, compared to ‘Keunolkong’, Hanol’s growing period is five days longer and its height is 5cm higher. In addition, it showed better excess-water tolerant and 26.5g 100-seed weight. At regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) in six regions from 2007 to 2009, ‘Hanol’ showed 2.04 tons of seed per hectare, 14% higher than ‘Keunolkong’ (1.80ton/ha). ‘Hanol’ is promising for double cropping system with higher yield.

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a member of Potyviridae family, is one of the most typical viral diseases and results in yield and quality loss of cultivated soybean. Due to the depletion of genetic resources for resistance breeding, a trial of genetic transformation to improve disease resistance has been performed by introducing SMV-CP and HC-Pro gene by RNA interference (RNAi) method via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants were infected with SMV strain G5 and investigated the viral response. As a result, two lines (3 and 4) of SMV-CP(RNAi) transgenic plants and three lines (2, 5 and 6) of HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants showed viral resistance. In genomic Southern blot analysis, most of lines contained at least one T-DNA insertion in both SMV-CP(RNAi) and HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants. Subsequent investigation confirmed that no viral CP and HC-Pro gene expression was detected in two SMV-resistant lines of SMV-CP(RNAi) and three lines of HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants, respectively. On the other hand, non-transgenic plants and other lines showed viral RNA expression. Viral symptoms affected seed morphology, and clean seeds were harvested from SMV-resistant line of SMV-CP(RNAi) and HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants. In addition, strong viral gene expression was detected from seeds of SMV-susceptible non-transgenic plants and SMV-susceptible transgenic lines. When compared the viral resistance between SMV-CP(RNAi) and HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants, soybean transgenic plants with the HC-Pro gene using RNAi strategy showed much stronger and higher frequency of viral resistance.

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a member of Potyviridae family, is one of the most typical viral diseases and results in yield and quality loss of cultivated soybean. Due to the depletion of genetic resources for resistance breeding, a trial of genetic transformation to improve disease resistance has been performed by introducing SMV-CP and HC-Pro gene by RNA interference (RNAi) method via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants were infected with SMV strain G5 and investigated the viral response. As a result, two lines (3 and 4) of SMV-CP(RNAi) transgenic plants and three lines (2, 5 and 6) of HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants showed viral resistance. In genomic Southern blot analysis, most of lines contained at least one T-DNA insertion in both SMV-CP(RNAi) and HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants. Subsequent investigation confirmed that no viral CP and HC-Pro gene expression was detected in two SMV-resistant lines of SMV-CP(RNAi) and three lines of HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants, respectively. On the other hand, non-transgenic plants and other lines showed viral RNA expression. Viral symptoms affected seed morphology, and clean seeds were harvested from SMV-resistant line of SMV-CP(RNAi) and HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants. In addition, strong viral gene expression was detected from seeds of SMV-susceptible non-transgenic plants and SMV-susceptible transgenic lines. When compared the viral resistance between SMV-CP(RNAi) and HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants, soybean transgenic plants with the HC-Pro gene using RNAi strategy showed much stronger and higher frequency of viral resistance.

Korean soybean variety Kwangan was transformed with coat protein (CP), helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro), and ABRE binding factor 3 (ABF3) genes using highly efficient soybean transformation system. Among these genes, CP and HC-Pro were transformed using RNAi technology. Transgenic plants with CP were confirmed for gene introduction and their expression using PCR, real-time PCR, RT-PCR, Southern blot, and Northern blot. To investigate the response of viral infection with CP, T1 plants were inoculated with SMV-infected leaves and confirmed the existence of mosaic symptom in both leaves and seeds. Two transgenic lines with CP were highly resistant to SMV with clear leaves and seeds while SMV-susceptible lines showed mosaic symptom with seed mottling. The transcript levels of T1 plants with CP were also determined by northern blot, suggesting that SMV-resistant T1 plants did not show viral RNA expression whereas SMV-susceptible T1 plants showed viral RNA expression. Currently, the response of viral infection with HC-Pro is investigating to produce SMV-resistant soybean transgenic plants, and the physiological experiment with ABF3 is also carrying out to produce drought-tolerant soybean transgenic plants.

본 연구는 최근 콩 재배에서 심각한 병으로 대두된 콩 불마름병에 대한 저항성 유전자인 rxp 근접분자표지를 개발하고자 수행하였다. 콩 불마름병은 국내에서 전국적으로 발생하는 심각한 세균병으로 이에 관련하여 세균병 접종을 이용한 저항성 품종과 감수성 품종에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되고 있지만 정확한 유전자의 염기서열이 밝혀져 있지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 콩 불마름병에 저항성 품종 8개체와 감수성 품종 8개체를 이용하여 rxp 유전자 근접분자표지를 확인하기