The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among snacking behaviors and depression in middle school students. A survey was conducted on 777 middle school students (491 boys and 286 girls). Using a self-reporting method, the participants took 20 minutes to complete the questionnaires. Our data revealed that the height and weight of boys were 172.66 cm and 63.48 kg, respectively, whereas those of girls were 159.86 cm and 51.62 kg, respectively. Sleep durations of boys and girls were 6.44 and 6.41 hours, respectively. Boys ate more rice cake than girls, whereas girls ate more biscuits than boys. The average B.D.I (Beck Depression inventory) scores for boys and girls were 9.73 and 11.49, respectively. Degree of depression was significantly higher in girls compared to boys. We also observed significant correlations between depression and snacking (rice cake, biscuits, chocolate, and fried potato). This study may provide basic information on snacking behaviors and depression in middle school students, and the findings suggest that proper control of emotions is required to maintain desirable eating behaviors in middle school students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of homocysteine and antioxidant nutrients with obesity in Korean middle aged women. The study subjects included were middle-aged obese women (n=36) whose body mass index (BMI) was greater than 25 kg/m2. A total of 36 participants were randomly divided into two groups. They were assigned to either the Nutritional Management and Exercise (NME) program or the Exercise Management (EM) program, which were both conducted for 3 months. We measured serum homocysteine, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels of the participant. We also measured the dietary intakes of antioxidant nutrient, cholesterol, body weight, body mass index, blood pressure, and VO2. At the end of both programs, please confirm this change. It was unclear when these measurements were shown to have decreased. The body weight and BMI of NME group were decreased compared to those of EM group. The serum total cholesterol levels of the participants in NME group were significantly decreased, in contrast to EM group. Also, serum homocysteine levels of NME group participants were decreased compared to EM group, but the difference was not statistically significant. In the NME group, there were significant differences in the change of dietary cholesterol and vitamin C intake. These results showed that participating NME program will continuously promote the healthy status of the middle aged obese women, compared to participating only in the EM program.

The aim of this study is to provide the fundamental information on satisfaction for school food service and dietary habits of middle school students in Sejong Special Self-Governing City. Generally, the subjects had a high satisfaction level for school food service. The boys had comparatively more satisfactory days for school food service than the girls. The most dissatisfactory factors of school food service were the taste and variety of menu for the girls, and the time and place for lunch and the service of employee for the boys. The intersexual differences existed with a significant difference in the irregular intake of meals, the reasons to skip meals, and the eating speed. For the boys, the main reason to skip meals was due to lack of appetite, and for the girls, it was the weight-control. The boys finished each meal within 5~10 min and ate more than the amount the girls eat in general. The main components of breakfast for the subjects were a cooked rice, soup, and side dish in 65.9%, and the frequency of skipping breakfast was high with 32.8%, which was once per week. The favorite snacks for the middle school students were cookies and beverages in 29.4%, instant foods in 24.3%, and hamburger and pizza in 21.4%. The intake frequency of snacks was once or twice per week in 46.5% of the subjects. In addition, the subjects had a very high intake frequency of fastfoods with once or twice per week in 72.7%, and the most favorite fastfood was ramen in 57.7%. The subjects in 45.3% took dairy food every day. In conclusion, the middle school students need nutrition education to improve their eating habit and to increase the frequency of breakfast.

The Chinese Characters in stone inscription in Chinese middle ages is one of the most important research materials of the Chinese history and Chinese language and Characters. It is very hard word to use these materials for huge quantity, large time span, and spread over different area, so it is necessary to build a database to promote the research work on Middle Chinese Characters. Before this work, creating a set of standards is important basic work. This is the purpose of this paper. There are only some preliminary considerations on the Chinese Characters in stone inscription in Chinese Middle Ages. In the future, with the development of the work more scientific standards will be further discussed.

The purpose of this study is to understand the meaning and essence of concrete and practical experience on a series of debates to reveal factors that could be exposed when middle or old-aged people are in the process of re-employment process when they were unemployed by exploring the phenomenon of experience on the courses for the unemployed focusing on middle or old-aged people for employment support program. Depth consultation interviews were conducted and the structure of this phenomenon was revealed and described by applying Giorgi's phenomenology technical as a procedure for analyzing participants' statements by concentrating on the essence of the experience in this study. The meaning of the experience of the unemployed re-employment process structure as a result of analysis on the nature of re-employment experience on the basis of research participants and the information stated through this study showed respectively such as <Realistic limits seaworthiness>, <re-employment efforts will>, <Desperate economic poverty>, <To find my identity in the process of re-employment>, <In anticipation of the second half of my youth>, and "Reemployment Success Factors>. It is a significant meaning that middle and old-aged people were able to confirm that they experienced Dynamic pursuit of hopes and dreams and got the chance to participate in society Toward a new life By strengthening employ ability skills by undertaking vocational training, obtaining licenses, and regaining confidence and employment determination, and a lot of desire using the card for learning tomorrow, government support system.

It's long been noted that a serious discrepancy exists between elementary school English classes and middle school English classes. This study explores the differences in the teacher talks of elementary and middle school classrooms. To this end, three elementary school English classes and three middle school English classes are tape-recorded, and their teacher utterances are analyzed according to forms of utterances, functions of utterances and language types. The result shows that elementary school English teachers use significantly more command forms and feedback than middle school English teachers while they use significantly more non-class related utterances more than elementary school teachers. They utter class-related managerial and disciplinary categories significantly more than middle school English teachers while they do miscellaneous categories significantly more than elementary school teachers. In terms of languages teachers use in the classroom, elementary school teachers speaks English significantly more than middle school English teachers. Elementary school teachers tend to use plain Korean to individual students while using formal Korean to the whole class. Middle school teachers tend to use formal Korean irrespective of whole group, small group and individual students.

본고는 중학생을 대상으로 하여 실제 수업 사례를 통해 바람직한 한문 문법 지도 방안을 고찰한 것이다. 구안 과정과 학생들의 반응 및 그에 따른 피드백 등을 상세하고 체계적으로 기술함으로써 본고에서 마련한 방안들이 실제 학교 현장에서 일정하게 활용될 수 있도록 하였다. 문법 지도 방안은 문법 의식 제고, 한자 및 단어 의미 제시, 문장 제시․설명 등 3가지 측면을 중심으로 마련되었다. 문법 의식 제고 방안으로는 교과융합 방식을 통한 문법 용어 이해, 한문과 국어의 차이를 통한 어순의 이해 등을 거론하였고, 한자 및 단어 의미 제시 방안으로는 의미항목과 용법의의 동시 제시, 영어․국어와의 대조분석적 방법을 통한 접속사의 이해 등을 제안하였다. 문장 제시․설명 방안으로는 대구 문장의 적절한 활용, 오류를 줄이기 위한 방법 등을 기술하였다. 아울러 본고에서는 배움중심학습, 모듬학습 등에서 문법을 통한 독해 수업이 학생들의 흥미를 유발하고 적극적인 수업 참여를 일으키며 사고력을 증진시킬 수 있다는 것에 대한 시론적인 의견을 개진하였다.

漢字敎育에 漢字構造分析理論은 매우 重要한 要素이다. 許愼의 六書論은 최 초의 漢字構造理論으로, 文字學系에 많은 영향을 끼쳐왔다. 하지만 六書論은 小篆에 맞게 형성된 理論으로, 隸變 이후 급격한 변화를 겪은 隸書나 楷書體와 簡化된 現代漢字 簡體字에 적용하기에는 많은 문제점이 나타 나고 있다. 그러므로 現代로 오면서 漢字를 分析하는 새로운 漢字構造分析理論으로 裘錫圭의 三書說과 蘇培成의 新六書, 王寧의 構形學理論 등이 많은 사람들의 관심을 끌고 있다. 특히 이 중에서 北京師範大學 王寧敎授가 創案해낸 構形學理論은 한자의 部件分解를 基礎로 字形을 분석하는 방법이다. 部件은 특히 다른 漢字를 구성할 때 義符나 音符로 表意나 表音기능을 담당할 수 있으므로, 部件의 음이나 뜻을 알면 그 部件으로 다른 漢字의 의미나 讀音을 유추 할 수 있으므로 漢字의 形音義를 學習하는데 도움이 된다. 2009년 中國 敎育部에서는 現代 常用漢字의 部件 및 部件名稱 規範을 制定 하였다. 이 部件表는 中國의 現代 常用漢字 3500字의 部件을 514개(441조)部件 을 제시하고 있다. 그러므로 本稿에서는 이에 착안하여 王寧의 構形學 理論을 利用하여 韓國의 常用漢字 1800字중 먼저 中學校 基礎敎育用 漢字 900字의 部件을 정리하였다. 構形學 理論에 의거하여 漢字部件을 整理한 結果, 아래와 같은 結果를 얻었다. 直接部件489개, 基礎部件335개 및 5개의 구형모델을 귀납 정리했다. 이러한 결과를 이용하여 이후에도 고등학교용 상용한자도 분석하여, 韓國의 常用漢字 部件을 中國의 常用漢字 部件과 比較 分析할 것이다. 이는 韓國의 常用漢字 選定의 必要性과 選定基準 및 여러 가지 常用漢字 選定過程의 문제점을 살펴봄과 동시에 새로운 漢字敎育理論인 구형학 이론을 이용 하여 한자교육방면에도 많은 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

목적: 중·고등학생 및 대학생들의 미용칼라 콘택트렌즈 착용실태를 조사하여 올바른 착용 및 관리를 위한 가이드라인을 제시하는 데 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 방법: 2012년 6월부터 2013년 5월까지 콘택트렌즈를 구매하고자 안경원에 내원한 고객 중 설문에 응한 여자 중·고등학생 및 대학생 500명(중학생: 186명, 고등학생: 158명, 대학생: 156명)을 대상으로 실시하였다. 결과: 총 대상자 500명 중 316명(63.2%)이 미용칼라렌즈를 착용하였으며, 그 중 191명(60.45%)이 2조 이상의 렌즈를 보유하였다. 처음 착용 시기는 중학교 1학년 때가 149명(47.15%)으로 가장 많았고, 친구의 영향이 236명(74.68%)으로 가장 많았다. 미용칼라 콘택트렌즈 선택의 기준은 색상이 140명(43.06%)으로 가장 많았고, 하루 착용시간은 4~6시간이 86명(27.22%)으로 가장 많았으며, 렌즈 교체주기는 1~3개월이 81명(25.63%)으로 나타났다. 친구와 함께 미용칼라 콘택트렌즈를 착용한 경험은 102명(32.28%)이 ‘있다’로 응답하였으며, 보관용기에 대한 소독은 ‘한다’가 220명(69.62%)이었으며, 용기의 교체주기는 1~3개월이 76명(47.27%)으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 미용칼라 콘택트렌즈에 대한 가장 큰 부작용은 건조감(빈도: 2.72±1.05, 정도: 2.79±1.24), 불편감(빈도: 2.43±0.89, 정도: 2.39±1.15) 순으로 나타났다. 결론: 미용칼라 콘택트렌즈의 착용이 점점 증가하고 있으며 처음 착용시기도 어려지고 있으나, 관리방법 및 취급에 대한 지도가 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 보관용기를 포함한 콘택트렌즈 관리와 교체주기에 대한 충분한 지도 및 지속적인 사후관리가 필요한 것으로 생각된다.

This study aims to comparatively analyze lower extremity joint moment during the take-off phase in high jump and thus to provide the basic data for enhancement of highschool students' high jump skills. 2 highschool students - one males and one females - were chosen for the experiment in which the 3D image analyzer and ground reaction force measuring unit were adopted. The results are as follows: Similar to the changing patterns from lower extremity joint moment but, moment values it turned out that male were better than female. The flexion and extension moment of lower extremity were most significant, abduction and adduction, medial rotation and lateral rotation were relatively small. The moment value in sagittal plane, frontal plane, transverse plane were appeared larger in the order of hip joint-knee joint-ankle joint. The muscle activity of knee joint and hip joint were acts in conjunction with sequential knee joint-hip joint.

The purpose of this research is to verify the meaning and attraction of school sports club games in review of the specific inside of school sports club games where students can fully show off their developed skills and high satisfaction effect in school life. We have conducted a survey to find sports fun factors among 88 middle school students advanced to the quarterfinals of 'The 7th Education Support Commissioner's Cup Baseball Tournament' in G city of Gyeonggi-do and analyzed the results by one-way ANOVA and t-test. The research results are as follows. First, all 5 sports fun sub-factors among students participated in the sports club games showed relatively high scores in the order of victory and competition, team atmosphere, practice and recognition of its effectiveness and parental support. Second, there were no significant differences in sports fun factors by grades of participating students. Third, there were no significant differences in sports fun factors by types of participation.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the physical education avoidance factors and the types of them for seeking the efficient teaching methods of physical education and making an appropriate learning environment which result in vitalized physical education. For this purpose, this study is planned to gain specific evidences. From May to July in 2013, the research has been conducted in Gangseo, Yangcheon, and Mapo area of Seoul. Among 420 of female middle school students who are the subjects originally, 349 of students are used as a data of spss 12.0 statistics. The conclusion is deducted by one-way ANOVA, corelation analysis, and multiple regression analysis based on the analysis contents and purpose. the conclusions were as follows; Firstly, as examining the avoidance factors of female middle school students from the background variables, the second grade students of middle school recognize the avoidance factors highest among sub factors based on the grades. In respect of the avoidance factors based on the school form, female students of coeducation school perceive the avoidance factors more than ones of girls' middle school. While female middle school students taught by male teachers are more aware of students factors, course contents factors, and weather factors, the students who are taught by female teachers recognize facility-instrument factors, teacher-teaching factors highly. In the avoidance factor based on whether a school has gym or not, middle school female students without gym perceive course content factors, teaching factors, and weather factors highly. On the other hand, middle school female students who do not have gym recognize student factors more than others. Secondly, in the case of avoidance types of middle school female students, second graders mark the highest states on not only the active avoidance but the passive one. While first graders are higher than third graders on the active avoidance, third graders appear highly on the passive avoidance compared to first graders. According to the types of school, middle female students in coeducation school avoid more on both active and passive avoidance. Based on the gender difference of the teachers, middle school female students who are taught by male instructors show the higher passive avoidance than ones taught by female instructors. Inversely the latter show higher avoidance on the active avoidance. Middle school female students who don’t utilize a physical training facility turn out having high tendency on both the active and passive avoidance. Thirdly the meaningful positive relationship between the physical education avoidance and the avoidance types exists. In the case of the active avoidance of physical education, students are influenced by teaching and weather factors meaningfully. Students factors, course content factors, and weather factors have meaningful influence on the passive avoidance. From all the features above, middle school female students have different avoidance factors based on the background variables. Also their avoidance types of physical education vary depending on the background variables. The avoidance factors of physical education have effects on the types of the avoidance.

본 연구의 목적은 중학교 과학수업을 위한 스마트러닝 기반의 수업 모듈을 개발 적용하고 학생들의 인식과 만족도를 밝히고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 중학교 2학년 천문단원의 태양계 행성과 달의 위상을 주제로 3가지 유형의 모듈을 개발하였고, 중학생 207명을 대상으로 수업을 실시하였다. 수업에 참여한 모든 학생들에게 태블릿PC를 제공하였고, 천문교육용 앱 Solar Walk, 미러링 기능, QR코드, 구글 프리젠테이션 등을 활용하여 학교와 가정에서 학습이 이루어졌다. 본 연구에서 개발한 인식조사 도구는 스마트러닝 수업에 있어서 자기주도적 학습(Self-directed), 학습동기유발(Motivation), 학습자 맞춤형(Adaptiveness), 정보기술활용(Technology Embedded)의 4가지 요인으로 이루어져 있으며, 리커트 5척도의 총 20문항으로 구성되어 있다. 학습만족도 검사도구는 Keller (1987)의 만족도 영역의 검사 항목을 번안 및 수정하여 사용하였다. 스마트러닝 기반의 과학수업에 대한 인식과 학습 만족도를 밝히기 위하여 연구대상 학생들의 성별과 과학성취도 수준별로 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 스마트러닝 기반의 수업에 대하여 남학생이 여학생보다 긍정적으로 인식하는 것으로 나타났으며, 과학성취도가 높은 집단이 자기주도학습 요인과 학습동기유발 요인에서 성취도가 낮은 집단보다 긍정적으로 인식하였다. 또한, 학습 만족도 측면에서는 남학생이 여학생보다 만족도가 높게 나타났고, 학업능력이 높은 학생들일수록 스마트러닝 기반의 과학수업에 대하여 만족하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 과학 분야 스마트러닝 활성화를 위한 방향 설정과 실질적인 프로그램 개발에 시사점을 제공할 것이다.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine prominent features of frequency in the new vocabulary of the middle school English textbooks based on the 2007 revised national curriculum and thereby to provide meaningful data to be compared with those on the 2009 revised national curriculum. This study used an online software (Vocabprofile) to divide words into four categories by frequency: K1 (1-1,000), K2 (1,001-2,000), AWL (Academic Words List), and Off-List Words (the remainder). Salient features discovered from the frequency-based categorization of words in textbooks by grades or publishers were further examined for pedagogical implications regarding textbook writing and curriculum revisions in the future. The analysis has revealed the following results. K1 words accounted for the most among the words presented in English textbooks, reflecting the significance of the high-frequency words in L2 learning. The number of other words showed a steady increase as the grade gets higher. Finally, most textbooks presented multi-words as new vocabulary, which indicates the importance of idioms or collocations. The vocabulary analysis by frequency could be of use to textbook evaluation, considering the growing importance of frequency-based vocabulary teaching.

The purpose of this study was to analyze writing activities of 1st grade middle school English textbooks based on the achievement standards of the 2009 revised National Curriculum and provide suggestions for improvements of textbooks. In this study, seven textbooks out of twelve were selected and their writing activities were analyzed as to whether they stick to the guidelines of the 2009 revised National Curriculum. For this purpose, specific focuses of the current study were 1) to look into writing activities based on achievement standards stipulated in the 2009 revised National Curriculum, and 2) to investigate the ratio of integrated writing activities to separate writing activities ones. The results of the analysis revealed that most of the writing activities seemed suitable based on learners’ real-life situations for achievements standards; however, the types of writing activities were rather simple, mainly focusing on given words. Next, there were not only separate writing activities but also a variety of integrated activities such as listening-writing, speaking-writing, and reading-writing activities. At the end of the paper, a few suggestions were provided to improve the qualities of writing activities in the textbooks.

This paper studied why middle-aged group is using active wear as casual wear. First, we can think of 'comfort', 'ideal body shape', 'trend', 'functionality', 'economy' for the reasons. We categorized the incentives as 'comfort/functionality pursuits', 'trend/economy pursuits', and 'ideal body shape pursuits'. Studies showed that statistically significant number of men pursue comfort and functionality, and statically significant number of women pursue trend and economy. Second, this study shows that the number of consumers who use the active wear in daily lives is greater than that of those who use it only for outdoor activities. The difference was statistically significant in T-shirts and pants. The most frequent usage was in social activities, and the next frequent usage was in cultural activities. The reason is that currently, middle-aged consumers are actively participating in social gatherings than any other activities. Especially, considering that the men wear active wear more than the women do, development of the product as men's casual wear that is compatible with other apparels will be necessary. We expect this study will be used as the preliminary data for a marketing strategy targeting the middle-ages.

The purpose of this study was to identify middle-school boys' purchase behavior according to their shoes shopping orientation. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect from 314 subjects. Factor analysis, Chi-square test, and one-way ANOVA were done using SPSS PC (Ver. 18.0). Most middle-school boys selected shoes that were 255~270mm, possessed on to two pairs of school shoes, searched for information for about five days before purchase, had spent 50,000~150,000 won on one to two pairs of shoes during the previous six months, saw design, comfort, and brand as their selection criteria, chose their shoes by themselves, shoes specialty stores, had favorite brands, preferred athletic shoes made of achromatic canvas, and bought new shoes when their old ones wore out. Factors of shoe shopping orientation were fashion and brand, economy, conformity, and comfort, and students were grouped into an active shopping group, an underdeveloped shopping orientation group, and a value pursuit group. The active shopping group bought more shoes, spent more on shoes, selected their shoes themselves, patronized discount shoe stores or specialty stores, and preferred national brand shoes. The underdeveloped shopping orientation group accepted their friends' opinions when selecting shoes and bought cheaper shoes. The value pursuit group accepted their parents' opinions when selecting shoes, patronized internet shopping malls or traditional markets, and selected cheaper shoes. The shoe shopping orientation of middle-school boys was immature, but they showed strong consumption needs.

본 연구는 경기도 남양주시 운길산 수종사 계곡을 대상으 로 식물군집구조를 분석하여 온대중부지방 군락식재 모델 개발을 목적으로 수행하였다. 연구단계는 기존 문헌 연구를 통한 이론적 고찰, 연구대상지 자연환경, 식물군집구조 분 석, 군락식재 모델개발로 구분하였다. 기존 문헌 연구를 통 한 이론적 고찰에서는 온대중부지방 낙엽활엽수 식생구조 연구, 도시 조성녹지 식재특성에 관한 연구, 군락식재 모델 연구를 통하여 연구의 틀을 정립하였다. 연구 대상지는 행 정구역상 경기도 남양주시 남쪽에 위치하고 있는 운길산 수종사 계곡을 선정하였고, 식물군집구조 분석은 군집분류, 군집별 식물군집구조, 토양 이화학적 특성을 기준으로 하였 으며, 군락식재 모델 개발은 적용 기준, 모델 적용, 모델 개발, 모델 배식도를 기준으로 하였다. 경기도 남양주시 운길산 수종사는 운길산 정상(610m) 가 까운 곳에 위치한 경기도 남양주시 조안면 송천리 1060번 지 사찰이다. 수종사의 창건연대는 정확한 기록이 없어 알 수 없으나 다산 정약용의 「수종사기」에 수종사는 신라 때 지은 고사(古寺)인데 절에는 샘이 있어 돌틈으로 흘러나 와 땅에 떨어지면서 소리를 내기에 수종사(水鍾寺)라 한다 고 기록된 것으로 보아 수종사는 신라 때 창건된 고찰임을 알 수 있다. 운길산 수종사 주변 산림관리 현황을 살펴보면, 경기도 남양주시 조안면 송촌리 마을이장(일제시대 전 산림 소유자)과의 인터뷰를 통해 수종사 인근 산림에 느티나무 군락의 면적이 현재보다 더 넓게 분포하였으나, 일제시대 때 많은 양의 느티나무가 베어져 현재에 이르렀음을 알 수 있었다. 운길산 수종사 계곡을 중심으로 연구대상지를 선정하고, 자연환경인 기후 및 기상, 지형 및 지세에 대하여 분석하였 다. 운길산 수종사 계곡은 온량지수에 의해 온대중부지역에 해당하는 것으로 분석되었고, 표고는 300∼400m가 대부분 이였으며, 경사는 20°∼30°이 42.4%로 급경사 지역이었고, 향은 남향, 남동향, 동향이 대부분으로 일조량이 풍부하였 으며 운길산 수종사 계곡부의 거의 대부분이 전석지대라는 특성상 접근하기가 힘든 상태였다. 식물군집구조는 총 18개 조사구(400㎡)를 설정하여 느티 나무림군집, 느티나무-팽나무군집, 느티나무-고로쇠나무군 집, 느티나무-팽나무-잣나무군집, 느티나무-갈참나무-잣나 무군집, 느티나무-소나무-잣나무군집으로 총 6개 군집으로 구분하였다. Shannon의 종다양도는 단위면적 400㎡당 0.8736∼1.2473으로 조사구간 큰 차이는 보이지 않았고, 군집별 종수 및 개체수를 살펴보면 12∼25종, 157~446개 체 출현하였으며, 흉고단면적은 311,046~1,133,428㎠ 범위 로 산출되었다. 출현횟수 및 상재도 30% 이상인 수종은 느 티나무, 팽나무, 고로쇠나무, 줄딸기, 찔레꽃, 쥐똥나무 등 총 23종이 출현빈도가 높았다. 토양 이화학적 특성 분석 결과, 토성은 대부분 미사질양토였고 토양산도는 중산성토 양으로 느티나무가 생육에는 적정한 것으로 판단되었으며 기존의 느티나무 토양에 대한 연구결과와 일치하였다. 유기 물함량, 유효 인산은 미경작 산지토양보다 높은 상태였다. 군집별 상대우점치를 분석한 결과 느티나무림군집(군집 Ⅰ)은 느티나무가 우점하였고 아교목층은 느티나무, 고로 쇠나무, 관목층은 매화말발도리, 생강나무 등이 출현하였 다. 느티나무-팽나무군집(군집Ⅱ)은 교목층에서 느티나무 가 우점하였고 아교목층에서는 팽나무, 느티나무, 관목층에 서는 느티나무, 고광나무 등이 출현하였다. 느티나무-고로 쇠나무군집(군집 Ⅲ)은 계곡부 전석지에 위치하고 있으며 교목층에서 느티나무가 우점하였고 아교목층에서는 고로 쇠나무, 느티나무, 관목층에서는 까마귀밥여름나무, 매화말 발도리, 팽나무 등이 출현하였다. 군집 Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ의 경우 교목층에 느티나무가 우점하였으며 아교목층에 팽나무, 고 로쇠나무가 우점하였으나 느티나무가 경쟁수종으로 출현 하는 것으로 보아 당분간 느티나무가 우점하는 군집으로 유지될 것으로 판단되었다. 느티나무-팽나무-잣나무군집 (군집 Ⅳ)은 교목층에서 느티나무가 우점하고 경쟁수종으 로 잣나무가 출현하였으며 아교목층에서는 팽나무, 느티나 무, 고로쇠나무, 관목층에서는 으름덩굴, 까마귀밥여름나무 등이 출현하였다. 느티나무-갈참나무-잣나무군집(군집 Ⅴ) 은 교목층에서 갈참나무가 우점하고 경쟁수종으로 느티나 무, 잣나무가 출현하였으며 아교목층은 느티나무, 잣나무, 팽나무, 당단풍, 관목층에서는 찔레꽃, 당단풍 등이 출현하 였다. 느티나무-소나무-잣나무군집(군집 Ⅵ)은 교목층에서 느티나무가 우점하고 경쟁수종으로 소나무, 잣나무가 출현 하였으며 아교목층에서는 당단풍, 팽나무, 고로쇠나무, 관 목층에서는 고광나무, 당단풍, 쥐똥나무 등이 출현하였다. 군집Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ은 인공조림한 잣나무, 소나무와 느티나무가 지속적으로 경쟁하는 군집을 유지할 것으로 판단되었다. 넷째, 느티나무림 군락식재 모델개발은 느티나무림 식물 군집구조 분석을 바탕으로 군락식재 모델 기준을 설정함에 있어 군락식재 모델 적용 체계를 설정하고 도시녹지 공간기 능에 따라 녹음식재, 경관식재에 적합한 군집을 설정하여 군락식재 모델 적용하였다. 군락식재 모델 개발은 주요 출 현수종의 상재도를 분석하여 군락식재 모델 도입가능 식재 종을 층위별로 선정하였는데 교목층에 느티나무 1종, 아교 목층에 팽나무, 고로쇠나무, 당단풍 등 7종, 관목층에 생강 나무, 매화말발도리, 고추나무, 까마귀밥여름나무 등 10종 을 선정하였다. 군락식재 모델은 식재 후 활착과 생육을 고려하여 중경목 을 목표로 하였는데 이를 위하여 평균흉고단면적과 수목생 육거리를 분석하였으며, 느티나무가 대경목이므로 식재규 격, 종별 수관폭, 식재간격을 분석하여 식재구조를 조정하 였다. 녹음기능 느티나무군락 식재모델 교목층 식재구조는 흉고직경 26±30㎝, 수목간 식재거리는 4.3±4.7m, 식재밀도 는 흉고단면적 25,419㎠를 고려하여 38주의 식재를 제시하 였다. 경관기능 느티나무군락 식재모델 교목층 식재구조는 흉고직경 26±30㎝, 수목간 식재거리는 4.3±4.7m, 식재밀도 는 흉고단면적 11,729㎠를 고려하여 19주의 식재를 제시하 였다. 아교목층은 흉고직경 3±6㎝, 식재거리는 2.2±3.9m로 식재하고 흉고단면적 1,382㎠를 고려하여 총 식재주수는 41주이었다. 관목층 식재주수는 군집Ⅲ 중 가장 많은 개체 수가 출현한 조사구를 기준으로 248주로 제시하였다.