In this study, the reduction kinetics and behaviors of oxides in the water-atomized iron powder have been evaluated as a function of temperature ranging 850-1000˚C in hydrogen environment, and compared to the reduction behaviors of individual iron oxides including Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeO. The water-atomized iron powder contained a significant amount of iron oxides, mainly Fe3O4 and FeO, which were formed as a partially-continuous surface layer and an inner inclusion. During hydrogen reduction, a significant weight loss in the iron powder occurred in the initial stage of 10 min by the reduction of surface oxides, and then further reduction underwent slowly with increasing time. A higher temperature in the hydrogen reduction promoted a high purity of iron powder, but no significant change in the reduction occurred above 950˚C. Sequence reduction process by an alternating environment of hydrogen and inert gases effectively removed the oxide scale in the iron powder, which lowered reduction temperature and/or shortened reduction time.

본고는 청동 치(觶)를 중심으로 심도 있게 연구한 후에 중국 고대 청동기의 저록과 연구과정을 3단계로 구분할 수 있었다. 북송에서 청 말기까지 중국 청동기는 기본적으로 금석연구의 범주에 속하였다. 대부분은 저록을 위주로 하며, 극소수는 글자 의 고석과 연대구분에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 민국에서 20세 기 70년대까지는 고기물학(古器物學)이 흥행함과 동시에 고고 학도 중국에 진입하였다. 청동기의 저록은 촬영과 탁본 기술을 활용하여 자료들을 수록하기 시작하였다. 고고학에서 제공하는 배경지식을 저록의 내용에 새롭게 추가하였고, 고고학 방법도 청동기 연구에 활용되기 시작하였다. 그러나 중국의 전통적인 학술에 영향을 받음으로 인해 이 시기에 여전히 전통적인 연구 는 중요한 지위를 차지하고 있었다. 그 일례로 명문고석, 청동 기 연대고증, 역사문제 연구 등을 들 수 있다. 20세기 70연대 말에 진입하면서 중국 고고학은 급속하게 발전하였다. 중국 내 학자들은 청동기의 연구에 대해 정식으로 전통적인 금석학과 고기 물학의 영역을 벗어나 고고학 중심으로 전환하여 청동기 연구의 새로운 단계에 진입하게 되었다. 저록 방면에서도 고고 학에서 제공하는 새로운 정보가 중요한 내용이 되었다. 그 활 용된 기물의 그림과 사진 등도 청동기 저록 중에서 광범위하게 사용하게 되었다. 이외에 수집 성격의 저록들이 대량으로 출현 하게 되었고, 일부 집대성적 저작들도 출현하였다. 총괄적으로 말하면, 중국 고대 청동기의 저록과 연구는 금석학에서 고고학 으로 전환된 뒤에 새로운 절정을 맞이하게 되었다고 할 수 있다.

팽화홍삼에 존재하는 major ginsenoside를 minorginsenoside로 생물전환하기 위하여 β-glucosidase 활성이높은 유산균주를 탐색하였다. 된장으로부터 분리한 YLB 8균주가 β-glucosidase 활성이 가장 높았으며 Leuconostocmesenteroides로 동정되었다. L. mesenteroides YLB 8을MRS 배지에서 배양하였을 경우 최대의 β-glucosidase 효소 활성을 나타내기 위한 최적 배양 조건은 glucose 첨가량 1%(w/v), 초기 pH 8.0, 배양온도 30oC, 배양시간 16시간이었다. L. mesenteroides YLB 8을 이용하여 팽화홍삼추출액을 생물전환하였을 경우 최적 온도는 30oC었으며,팽화홍삼 추출액의 농도는 12oBx이었다. 팽화홍삼 추출액내에 존재하는 major ginsenoside인 Rb1과 Rb2는 minorginsenoside인 Rg3로 전환되었으며, Re는 Rg1으로 전환되었으며, 이 중 일부는 Rh1과 Rh2로 전환되었다.

This study investigates the effects of writing to learn on sixth graders’ English development compared with speaking to learn and examines their perceptions. The study established the following research questions: (a) what are the effects of writing to learn on English speaking and writing abilities compared with speaking to learn? and (b) what are the students’ perceptions of writing to learn compared with speaking to learn? Students in the experiment group had experienced learning English through writing to learn, whereas those in the comparison group had learned English through speaking to learn. As for the results, writing to learn had significant effects on developing speaking and writing abilities in terms of complexity, accuracy and fluency. Also the students had more positive perceptions on writing to learn in cognitive and behavioral perspectives. Writing to learn has been confirmed as effective in learning English, leading students to use English to express their own ideas with more extensive vocabulary and complicated syntactic structures.

Carousel type rotating molding machine is a plastics molding method that is adapted to producing relatively large and seamless parts which are partially or totally enclosed. So it is used to produce the big septic tank, storage tray, icebox, central reservation and so on. Rotating molding method are Rock and Roll, Shuttle, Carousel type, etc. In this study, to develop Carousel type rotating molding machine, its 3D model has designed. Also, to confirm the performance of this model, the theoretical and experimental analysis were carried out under condition of shape and structure of rotating unit and heating unit in molding machine

The electrochemical properties of cells assembled with the LiNiO2 (LNO) recycled from cathode materialsof waste lithium secondary batteries (Li[Ni,Co,Mn]O2), were evaluated in this study. The leaching, neutralization andsolvent extraction process were applied to produce high-purity NiSO4 solution from waste lithium secondary batteries.High-purity NiO powder was then fabricated by the heat-treatment and mixing of the NiSO4 solution and H2C2O4.Finally, LiNiO2 as a cathode material for lithium ion secondary batteries was synthesized by heat treatment and mixingof the NiO and Li2CO3 powders. We assembled the cells using the LiNiO2 powders and evaluated the electrochemicalproperties. Subsequently, we evaluated the recycling possibility of the cathode materials for waste lithium secondary bat-tery using the processes applied in this work.

‘In structural system, a certain amount of uncertainties always persists in material properties, geometric parameters and applied loads. In this study, the structure is designed to withstand the uncertainties which are caused by either measurement inaccuracy or system complexity. Random structures are modelled by using ANSYS probabilistic design module. It can be applied easily to any structural system with random parameters. The aim of this paper is to make optimal design for the beam with random input variables due to width and height and response parameters due to displacements and stresses. The probabilistic design is also carried out with ANSYS APDL and then the optimal design is sequentially solved. As the total volume of beam, stresses and displacements at the beam are treated as random parameters, the numerical results are obtained.'

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the jujube hot-water extraction and antioxidant. After extraction of hot-water jujube, general composition analysis and functional tests were performed. The results of general composition analysis showed 22.33% of moisture content, 0.71% of crude lipid, 5.21% of crude protein, and 3.87% of ash. From DPPH test results, in concentrations of 1,000 μg/mL of jujube extracts, electron donating ability was shown with 68.24%. The SOD ability in concentrations of 1,000 μg/mL was 13.12%. The nitrite scavenging ability of jujube extracts was 11.79% at 1,000 μg/mL. The yogurt with 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% of jujube extracts was made, and the general composition analysis and the functional tests were performed. The results of the general composition analysis of jujube yogurt, showed 74.71~76.56% of moisture contents, 1.31~3.38% of crude lipid, 2.13~3.40% of crude protein, and 1.18~1.28% of ash. The DPPH test results showed 46.33% for 1% added jujube extract, 53.78% for 2% added jujube extract, 90.87% for 3% added jujube extract, and 89.58% for 4% added jujube extract. The SOD ability showed 4.93% for 1% added jujube extract, 7.28% for 2% added jujube extract, 11.38% for 3% added jujube extract, and 11.50% for 4% added jujube extract.

It is important to predict chlorine decay with different water purification processes and distribution pipeline materials, especially because chlorine decay is in direct relationship with the stability of water quality. The degree of chlorine decay may affect the water quality at the end of the pipeline: it may produce disinfection by-products or cause unpleasant odor and taste. Sand filtrate and dual media filtrate were used as influents in this study, and cast iron (CI), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and stainless steel (SS) were used as pipeline materials. The results were analyzed via chlorine decay models by comparing the experimental and model parameters. The models were then used to estimate rechlorination time and chlorine decay time. The results indicated that water quality (e.g. organic matter and alkalinity) and pipeline materials were important factors influencing bulk decay and sand filtrate exhibited greater chlorine decay than dual media filtrate. The two-component second-order model was more applicable than the first decay model, and it enabled the estimation of chlorine decay time. These results are expected to provide the basis for modeling chlorine decay of different water purification processes and pipeline materials.

본 연구의 목적은 한우사료 내 아마씨앗의 급여가 등심 내 오메가 6와 3 지방산 비율(n-6/n-3) 감소효과 및 n-6/n-3 균형 한우고기를 섭취한 사람의 혈액 중 LDL-C 감소효과를 조사하는 것이었다. 단계별로 거세한우 20마리를 이용하여 대조군과 아마씨앗을 함유하는 n-3 처리구로 각각 10마리씩 나누어 완전임의 배치하였다. n-3 사료군은 대조군과 비교할 때 혈액 및 등심 내 n-6/n-3가 4:1이하로 감소하였으며 단일불포화지방산으로써 올레인산은 52.79%까지 증가하였다. 임상실험자의 70% 이상에서 나타난 균형 한우고기를 섭취한 그룹의 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤 및 LDL-C은 각각 25.35, 5.22, 17.59% 감소하였고 수입 쇠고기는 9.05, 8.21, 21.70% 증가하였으나 일반한우는 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 균형 한우고기를 섭취한 그룹의 HDL-C는 6.07% 증가하였으나 수입 쇠고기와 일반한우는 각각 14.46, 11.46% 감소하였다. 혈당은 균형 한우고기와 일반 한우고기가 각각 6.42, 11.82% 감소하였으나 수입 쇠고기는 15.19% 증가하였다.

In this study, we prepare polymer solar cells incorporating organic ligand-modified Ag nanoparticles (O-AgNPs) highly dispersed in the P3HT:PCBM layer. Ag nanoparticles decorated with water-dispersible ligands (W-AgNPs) were also utilized as a control sample. The existence of the ligands on the Ag surface was confirmed by FT-IR spectra. Metal nanoparticles with different surface chemistries exhibited different dispersion tendencies. O-AgNPswere highly dispersed even at high concentrations, whereas W-AgNPs exhibited significant aggregation in the polymerlayer. Both dispersion and blending concentration of the Ag nanoparticles in P3HT:PCBM matrix had critical effects onthe device performance as well as light absorption. The significant changes in short-circuit current density (JSC) of thesolar cells seemed to be related to the change in the polymer morphology according to the concentration of AgNPsintroduced. These findings suggested the importance of uniform dispersion of plasmonic metal nanoparticles and theirblending concentration conditions in order to boost the solar cell performance.

단풍나무는 종족 번식을 목적으로 씨앗을 확산시키기 위해 바람을 이용한다. 모수에서 분리된 씨앗은 자동회전을 하면서 떨어지는데 이 회전을 통해 생성된 앞전 와류로 높은 양력을 발생시킴으로써 씨앗을 천천히 낙하시킨다. 단풍나무 씨앗의 자동회전 현상은 안정적인 공기 역학적으로 낙하 초기 자세에 상관없이 일정한 크기의 회전율과 낙하 속도를 갖고 있어서 산업적 응용 가능성도 크다. 본 연구에서는 단풍나무 씨앗의 자동회전 현상의 특성을 실험적으로 밝히고 이를 생체 모방하여 소형 풍력 터빈으로 개발할 가능성을 제시하고자 한다.

In accordance with the nature, characteristics, uses, etc. of the information that are as distinguishing criteria, information classification is a means clustering things meeting the same standard. Classification is the basis of scientific research. The purpose of Information Classification on handed down Chinese Dictionary in Japan, South Korea and China is to provide a professional platform for philology researchers easily retrieve and inquiry. And providing a theoretical basis for the development and application of the depth of shared dictionary database of East Asian. This article analyzes and studies Information Organization, Information Retrieval and Information Classification of handed down Chinese Dictionary in Japan, South Korea and China, the Paper noted that standardized information classification principles is a prerequisite for East Asian countries to regulate the construction of database of handed dictionaries ,and to maximize sharing Chinese character resources.

소나무재선충은 현재까지 도입된 국가의 토착수종인 소나무류를 모두 치사시키는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 고사목으로부터 추출 배양된 계통 중에는 소나무에 피해를 주지 않는 계통이 존재한다. 이러한 저병원성 계통 선충의 사전접종이 고병원성 소나무재선충에 대한 소나무의 저항성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 연구가 수행되었다. 치수에 저병원성 소나무재선충을 선접종한 결과, 선접종에 의하여 소나무재선충에 대한 저항력이 유도되었다. 그 유도저항성은 1년 후까지 유지되었으며, 저병원성 선충의 반복 감염은 보다 저항성 유도 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 소나무재선충에 의하여 고사한 후 경과기간이 3개월 이하인 피해목 및 피해진행목에서 분리된 선충은 모두 고병원성이었으며, 고사 후 2-3년이 경과한 벌채목에서 분리된 선충 5계통 중 4계통은 저병원성이었다. 저병원성 선충이 소나무 치수에 인공접종 되었을 때 초기 정착률은 고병원성 선충과 차이가 없었으나, 접종 30일 후에 수목내의 부위별 개체수를 조사한바 저병원성 선충의 증식률은 고병원성보다 현저히 낮았다. 저병원성 선충의 잿빛곰팡이병 균사배지에서의 선충증식 속도는 계통에 따라 차이가 있었으며, 증식속도가 빠른 계통은 대체로 고병원성 선충의 증식속도와 차이가 없었다.

Today, with the merging of cultural industry and modern technology, Cultural and Creative Industries through a harmonious social environment, an advanced legal system, is formed a new economic form taking the creative as the core drive. Whether in China, South Korea or Japan, the Broadcast Content Industry in the classification of cultural and creative industries has the key position, thus increasing the international competitiveness of the Broadcast Content Industry has become important issues for the development of cultural and creative industries. In this paper, we take Broadcast Content Industry as an object of study, based on General Double Diamond model and the different characteristics of the Broadcast Content Industry in China, South Korea and Japan, established an in international competitiveness measure system to do a useful exploration for the development of Broadcast Content Industry in these three countries. By using the results fo the evaluation, an analysis is taken panoramically regarding the position of China’s Broadcast Content Industry in the world. Compare to South Korea and Japan, China still has a certain gap with South Korea and Japan in Factor Conditions, Demand Conditions and Related and Supporting Industries. In the future to increase the support of the Broadcast Content Industry, establish market liquidity management system, integrated computing network to improve circulation environment is necessary. Increase efforts to train excellent human resources and technical resources, encourage co-production and investment portfolio, improve the financial support is also required.

本論文主要考察1930年代前半華北漢族的東北移動及其與大連、大連腹 地勞動力供需之間的關系。該時期流入東北地方的漢族數量每年達到40萬名 以上。華北漢族主要從山東省的農村經山東半島與遼東半島的海港城市流入 東北各地。大連卽是主要的關戶，也是勞動力的吸收地。華北漢族的移動目 的可分爲勞動短期移動與永久移住，其中短期勞動移動的比率不少是其特 征。大連及其背後地的勞動者構成，反映了這一點，全體勞動者的半數以上 是由華北漢族構成的。伴隨著域外華北地區衆多勞動者的供給，圍繞勞動者 募集而産生的勞動力供需關系也成爲該地區産業界最爲費心的部分。以華北 出身者爲中心進行的把頭與中介人的勞動者募集，作爲該時期主要募集方法 之一，能夠反映出該區域的勞動者構成與其特征。