본 연구는 뽕잎 추출물에 눈꽃 동충하초 균사체(Paecilomyces japonica) 배양액의 Propionibacterium acnes에 대한 생육 억제 활성을 조사한 것이다. 배양 배지내의 뽕잎 추출물 농도는 3%일 때 가장 높은 여드름 균 생육 억제 활성이 나타났으며, 3% 농도의 뽕잎 추출물을 이용한 균사체 배양 날짜별 활성은 25일 배양시 가장 높은 여드름 균 생육 억제 활성을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 여드름 균에 생육 억제 활성을 가지는 물질은 동충하초 균사체의 2차 대사산물로 판단 할 수 있었다. 뽕잎 추출물에 동충하초 균사체 배양액의 처리농도별 여드름 활성은 처리 농도가 상승할수록 증가하였다. 그리고 5% 감자만을 넣고 배양하였을 경우 여드름 균의 활성이 나타나지 않았으며, 합성 배지인 PDB를 사용 시 뽕잎 추출물을 이용해 배양하였을 때보다 낮은 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 뽕잎 추출물에 동충하초 균사체 배양액의 여드름균 생육 억제 활성의 열 안정성을 확인하기 위한 열처리 결과, 100℃에서 45분 까지 열에 안정함을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 뽕잎 추출물에 동충하초 배양액의 여드름균 생육 억제 물질은 배당체 또는 peptide 인 것으로 판단된다. 따라서, 뽕잎 추출물을 이용한 동충하초 균사체 배양액은 여드름균 생육 억제 활성이 뛰어나며, 열에 안정한 천연 여드름 억제 화장품료 조성물로서의 이용가능성이 확인 하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary Morus alba L.(Bong-ip, B), Glycyrrhizae glabra(Gam-chei, C), Pinus densiflora(Sol-lp, S) and Angelica gigas(Dang-gi, D)powder on serum composition in rats(Sprague-Dawley male rats, 100-110g). Serum TG(triglyceride, p〈0.01), total cholesterol, glucose, total protein, albumin, GGT(γ-glutamyl transferase, p〈0.05) were significantly increased D group than that of nomal and other groups, but UA(uric acid, p〈0.05) was significantly decreased, and C group(p〈0.05) was significantly increased. but C group of urine(p〈0.05) was significantly decreased. Also, B and S groups(p〈0.05) of BUN(blood urea nitrogen), S group(p〈0.05) of ALP(alkaline phosphokinase, Band C(p〈0.05) of CPK(creatinine phosphokinsae, p〈0.05) were significantly increased. B, S and C groups were better than D group for lipid metabolism, and pretection to liver. Also, B and C groups of glucose were same as normal diet, so Morus alba L. was good food for lipid metabolism and hypoglycemic effect.

Recently, the concern about safety and functional substances of foods are increased therefore antioxidant substances and plants which had pharmacological effect have been studied actively. It has been known that the mulberry leaf is effective in curing many diseases. Nowaday, the pharmachological effects of mulberry leaves on diabetes mellitus and their usage for many aspects were confirmed. Mulberry leaves are known for effective in prevention of diabetes mellitus, because of specific amino acids and fibers. In this study, methanol, hexane, chlorform, ethyl acetate, and butanol extracts obtained from mulberry leaves were added to soybean oil and they were stored for 30 days at 60±2℃ and peroxide value(POV) and conjugated diene value(CDV) were measured periodically. Results of this study were obtained as follows; 1. The POV of soybean oil after the addition of each mulberry leaves powder(MLP) extracts generally enhanced as the storage time was prolonged, so the POV of all samples was reached higher than 100meq./kg.oil after 10 days storage without the addition of butanol, methanol, ethylacetate, hexane extracts at 0.1% level. Especially, the POV of soybean oils including butanol extract was 87.35meq/kg.oil after 10 days storage and antioxidant activity of butanol extract was shown to be superior to that of BHT. The pattern of the changes of the CDV of soybean oil after the addition of MLP extracts at 0.02%, 0.05% and 0.1%, respectively, were almost constant during 10 days of storage and then rapidly increased during the rest of experimental periods. During 10 days of storage in case of 0.1% adding level, the antioxidant activities of the butanol extract was superior to that of the each MLP extracts.

Mulberry Leaf (Morus-alba) is effective on reducing blood sugar increase and cholesterol in the blood. The objective of this study is to elucidate the sensory and physicochemical attributes of Mulberry Leaf Boogag with different amounts of glutinous rice paste and ginger juice. Mulberry Leaf Boogag, steamed for 90 seconds, was made by puffing the glutinous rice paste and ginger juice. The ratio of glutinous rice paste is made of a double, quintuple, and octuple proportion of water to the weight of the glutinous rice paste. The ratio of ginger juice is at a rate of one, three and five percent. According to the sensory evaluation, hardness and crispiness increased as the glutinous rice paste did, and ginger flavor, bitterness and sourness increased as the ginger juice did. Optimal conditions(p<0.05) were set when the value of hardness was more than five, and the value of bitterness and bitingness, lower than five. The optimal condition of Mulberry Leaf Boogag was established when the ratio of water to glutinous rice paste was 5.5, and in addition, 3.75 percent of ginger juice must be in proportion.

Antioxodative substances in Mulberry leaves were examined. Antioxidative substances in Mulberry leaves were extracted by 80% methanol agueous solution. Antioxidative activity of extract was determined by examining hydrogen donating ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the inhibitory effect on the formation of the peroxide from Linoleic acid in the test tube at 50℃. Antioxidative substance were, then, separated and indentified by thin layer chromatography(TLC), UV-Vis spectrum and High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) methods. Hydrogen donating ability on DPPH and antioxidative ability on linoleic acid of the extracted antioxidative substance were higher than those of 100ppm butylated hydroxy toluene(BHT). The extracted antioxidative substances were separated by TLC using ethylacetate : chloroform : formic acid : water(8 : 1 : 1 : 1 v/v) as a solvent, and a spot at Rf=0.35 was detected. The spot was scraped from the plate, and extrated by methanol. The extract was analyzed by UV-Vis spetra and HPLC, and chlorogenic acid was identified as a antioxidative substance.

Background: The present study was carried out to asses whether mulberry leaves (MLs) have the potential to inhibit the mutagenic effect of cigarette smoke condensates (CSCs). Methods and Results: ML powder was extracted with 70% ethanol, and a yield of 35.1% by weight was obtained. The 70% ethanol extract of ML was further extracted sequentially using diethyl ether, chloroform, butanol, dichloromethane and water. The crude 70% ethanol extract of MLs and its solvent fractions did not show any mutagenic effect when tested at concentrations up to 1 ㎎/ plate against Salmonella typhimurium TA98. In contrast, the crude 70% ethanol extract showed an inhibitory activity against the mutagenicity of CSCs in the presence of S-9 mixture. Among the solvent fractions, the diethyl ether fraction showed the highest inhibitory activity, which increased in a dose-dependent manner, inhibiting mutagenesis by approximately 97.1% at a concentration of 1㎎/plate. Conclusions: In this study, we found that a crude 70% ethanol extract of MLs and the diethyl ether fraction themselves are potentially not mutagenic, but inhibit the mutagenic effect of CSCs.

Background : 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is a representative compound of the antidiabetic constituent in mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.). The hot water extracts of mulberry leaves were fermented with lactic acid bacteria in order to analysis the changes of the DNJ contents and α-glucosidase inhibition. Methods and Results : The mulberry leaves were extracted with hot water (121℃, 3 hr). The extracts were fermented with nine strains of lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, in order to increase the contents of DNJ and α-glucosidase inhibition. DNJ contents in the fermented extracts were determinated by HPLC analysis. The α-glucosidase inhibition was mesured by comparing dose-inhibition curves of α-glucosidase and IC50 value. The DNJ contents after fermentation have increased in the almost fermented extracts. Especially, DNJ of the extracts fermented with L. acidophilus was increased from 8.38 ㎍ ㎖ -1 to 21.77 ㎍ ㎖-1. IC50 values of the α-glucosidase inhibition were shown to be decreased in the fermented extracts. The extracts fermented with L. casei KCTC 3109 was determined at 290.04 ㎍ ㎖-1, resulting it is lower about 140 ㎍ ㎖-1 than 429.76 ㎍ ㎖-1 of the control. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that the lactic acid fermentation of mulberry leaves extracts can more enhance the hypoglycemic activities such as DNJ contents.

Background : The hypoglycemic effects of mulberry leaves extract were evaluated by comparing the abilities on glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocyte. Glucose uptake of the extracts were identified to be enhanced by bio-conversion using cellulolytic enzyme like Viscozyme. Methods and Results : The mulberry (Morus alba L) leaves were extracted with 30% ethanol or hot water. The hypoglycemic compounds such as Moracin C and, Quercetin and 1-Deoxynojirimycin were identified from the extracts of mulberry leaves. The extracts were fermented using kinds of celluolytic enzymes, which were vicozyme, pectinase, β-glucosidase and xylanase, in order to increase the contents of hypoglycemic constituents in the extracts. The hypoglycemic effects of the fermented extracts were evaluated by comparing the abilities on glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocyte. The extracts of mulberry leaves fermented with only Viscozyme were identified to increase glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocyte by supplement of the concentration of 10 μM extracts, compared to insulin as control. However, bio-conversion effects by other enzymes were not shown in the treatments, suggesting hypoglycemic constituents in the extracts of mulberry leaves can be conversed to more active compounds by cellulolytic enzyme treatment like viscozyme. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that the hypoglycemic constituents in mulberry leaves extracts can be conversed to more active compounds by cellulolytic enzymes.

This study was considered chances of additional income, if farmers raised silkworms in unused mulberry leaves, after harvesting mulberry, investigated yields of mulberry leaves in vinyl-house and optimal amount in raised silkworms, First, the results was investigated productions of mulberry leaves in the mulberry tree-shape of vinyl-house, T-shape harvested 7.07 kg, Y-shape was 6.55 kg, in comparison with convention of it was harvested 4.75 kg mulberry leaves/1 mulberry tree, was harvested 49%, 38% more each. Also, yields of mulberry leaves was used 302 kg when was raised 1box of silkworms in the mulberry tree-shape of vinyl-house. In other hand, yields of raising silkworms was analysed in the mulberry tree-shapes of vinyl-house, mulberry leaves of 1,000 ㎡ vinyl-house mulberry tree was raised average of 3.74 boxs silkworms, in the concrete conventional-shape was 3.24 boxs, T-shape did 4.17 boxs and Y-shape was 3.83 boxs, Consequently, if the farmers of 1,000 ㎡ vinyl-house mulberry tree raised silkworms with unused mulberry leaves, could get 1~1.2 million won additionally.

뽕잎, 녹차 및 뽕잎과 녹차혼합물이 sterptozotocin 유발 당뇨 쥐의 혈당 조절효과에 대해 살펴보았다. 실험군은 정상군(N), 당뇨 대조군(STZ), 5% 뽕잎 분말 첨가 당뇨군(STZ-M), 5% 녹차 분말 첨가 당뇨군(STZ-G) 및 2.5% 뽕잎과 2.5% 녹차혼합분말 첨가 당뇨군(STZ-MG)으로 5군으로 나누어 4주간 실시하였다. 체중증가량은 뽕잎, 녹차 및 뽕잎과 녹차혼합물 첨가 당뇨군(STZ-M, STG-G, STZ-MG)들이 당뇨 대조군(STZ)에 비하여 유의적 차이는 없었으나 다소 증가하였다. 뇨 중 포도당 함량은 뽕잎, 녹차 및 뽕잎과 녹차혼합물 첨가 당뇨군(STG-G, STZ-MG)들이 당뇨 대조군(STZ)에 비하여 감소효과를 보였다. 4주간 혈당의 변화는 뽕잎, 녹차 및 뽕잎과 녹차혼합물(STZ-M, STG-G, STZ-MG)의 급여로 혈당 수준이 감소하는 경향이었고, 뽕잎과 녹차혼합물 첨가 당뇨군(STZ-MG)이 혈당 강하효과가 가장 높았다. 시험 종료 후 혈청 포도당 함량은 뽕잎, 녹차 및 뽕잎과 녹차혼합물 첨가(STZ-M, STG-G, STZ-MG)로 당뇨 대조군(STZ)에 비하여 모두 유의적으로 낮게 나타나 정상군(N)과 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 혈청 인슐린 함량은 녹차 및 뽕잎과 녹차혼합물 첨가(STG-G, STZ-MG)로 당뇨 대조군(STZ)에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였고, 혈청 fructosamine 함량은 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과 뽕잎, 녹차 및 뽕잎과 녹차혼합물의 급여는 STZ로 유발된 당뇨 쥐의 혈당 강하효과를 확인하여, 당뇨성 질환의 예방 및 개선에 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study was carried out to investigate solid-state fermentation method using cellulolytic lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum TO-2100 in order to increase piperidine alkaloid contents in mulberry leaves. Piperidine alkaloid, one type of which include 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), is known to inhibit α-glycosidase activities. Using this strain, the optimal solid-state fermentation conditions on mulberry leaves powder were found as the following: initial moisture content, temperature and relative humidity were 20%, 30~35℃ and 60 ~ 70%, respectively, and the fermentation time was 72 hrs. The piperidine alkaloid contents in the fermented mulberry leaves were 2.86% on dry powder, which is 7-fold increase from that of non-fermented mulberry leaves. The 1-deoxynojirimycin contents after applying preparative thin layer chromatography were 2.02% on dry powder, which is 8 times higher than that of non-fermented mulberry leaves. α-Glycosidase activities was inhibited by 65.7 ~ 84.7% with 3 ~ 5% treatments of hot-water extracts of the fermented mulberry leaves, compared to 16.2 ~ 40.2% with 3 ~ 5% treatments of hot-water extracts of non-fermented mulberry leaves. Therefore, the results suggest that solid-state fermentation method does indeed increase of piperidine alkaloid contents on mulberry leaves.

뽕잎을 이용한 나물의 제조시 최적 색도를 유지하기 위한 전처리 방법 구명과 부스러짐성의 방지 기술을 개발하기 위해 실시하였다. 뽕잎의 건조 전처리는 데침, 덖음과 같이 열처리를 하지 않았을 때 신선한 것과 색상에 차이가 적었다. 그러나 건조후 물에 불렸을 때의 색상은 180초간 덖음 처리구에서 신선한 것과 색상 차이가 가장 적었으며, 소다액을 0.5%희석하여 침지후 건조하거나 데침후 건조한 것, 그리고 물에서 30초간 데친 것이 색상 변화적은 경향을 나타냈다. Guar gum과 Xanthan gum 처리농도가 높을수록 나물은 유연하고, 부스러짐 현상은 적었으나 나물이 미끄럽고 육질의 느낌이 들어 0.1-0.2% 처리가 가장 적당한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 뽕잎나물의 제조뿐만 아니라 산채를 이용한 나물의 제조시에도 유용한 정보가 될 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 당에 의해 유도된 HIT-T15를 이용하여 항당뇨 소재로 잘 알려져 있는 오미자 및 뽕잎 추출물의 인슐린 분비능에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 오미자 발효주정 추출물과 뽕잎 열수 추출물의 총 폴리페놀함량은 각각 mg/g 및 mg/g이었으며, 총 플라보노이드함량은 mg/g 및 mg/g 이었다. 전자공여능은 뽕잎 열수 추출물이 로 오미자 발효 주정 추출물의 보다 높았으며 오미자 및 뽕잎 추출물의 ORAC은 각각 , TE/g

Morus alba (Mulberry) leaves were exposed to fermentation for varying amounts of time: no fermentation (0 min, MANF), medial fermentation (10 h, MAMF), and full fermentation (24 h, MAFF). The chemical compositions of the teas were determined and compared with those of commercial Camellia sinensis teas. The results showed that mulberry leaf teas contained significantly higher amounts of ash and fat than Camellia sinensis tea. Compared with Camellia sinensis teas, all mulberry leaf teas contained significantly more total free amino acids (24.26~54.25mg L-glutamic acid equivalent g-1), but the concentration of caffeine was relatively low for mulberry leaf teas. High thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin contents were found in all mulberry leaf teas, but ascorbic acid and pyridoxine were found at higher levels in Camellia sinensis teas than in mulberry leaf teas. Color measurements demonstrated that mulberry leaf tea infusions generally had lower a* (greenness) and b* (yellowness) values than Camellia sinensis tea infusions. All infusions exhibited low turbidity levels (less than 10%). The contents of total phenols were measured as 71.8 and 74.9mg 100 ml-1 infusion in MANF and MAFF, respectively, but the MAMF tea infusion showed significantly lower total phenols (64.6mg 100ml-1 infusion). The total flavonoid contents of mulberry leaf tea infusions were lower (8.9~20.6mg 100 ml-1 infusion) than those of Camellia sinensis teas and thus had lower antioxidant capacities (DPPH: 326.8~526.9 μm trolox equivalent g-1 and FRAP: 364.6~387.6 μm trolox equivalent g-1) than Camellia sinensis teas. The amounts of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and rutin were higher in fermented mulberry leaf teas; the level of GABA increased with increasing fermentation time and the content was highest in MAFF, but rutin content was highest in MAMF.

뽕 품종의 육종 효율을 높이는 동시에 뽕잎의 기능성 및 이용성을 증대시키기 위해 품종별 채취시기별로 뽕잎을 채취하여 기능성물질인 레스베라트롤 함량을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 오디에 비해 상당히 낮은 함량을 나타냈으나 레스베라트롤의 주요 공급원으로 알려진 포도 품종과 비교했을 때에는 추기의 뽕잎은 오히려 평균 함량이 4배 높았다. 채취시기별 뽕잎의 평균 레스베라트롤 함량에 있어서는 추기의 뽕잎이 춘기보다 함량이 높았으며, 춘기의 뽕잎은 어린잎보다 성숙잎의 레스베라트롤 함량이 높았다. 즉 춘기 5개엽기 어린잎의 평균 레스베라트롤 함량은 102ug/100g 이었으며 뽕잎의 성숙시기가 경과함에 따라 165, 209, 359ug/100g 으로 증가하였다. 하벌 후 새로 자란 뽕잎을 8윌 중순에 채취한 것은 466ug/100g 이었으며, 10월 중순의 뽕잎은 483ug/100g 이었다. 특히 10월 중순에 채취한 뽕잎은 엽질이 매우 거칠기 때문에 직접 식용으로의 이용 가능성은 매우 적으나 '개량뽕', '수계뽕' 및 '청일뽕' 품종의 경우 뽕잎의 레스베라트롤 함량이 각각 838ug/100g , 803ug/100g , 800ug/100g 으로 매우 높으므로 기능성 화장품 등에 첨가하여 사용하기 위한 레스베라트롤 추출물 등을 위한 시료로서 이용한다면 그 활용 가능성은 매우 클 것으로 판단하였다. 또한 '신일뽕', '수성뽕' 및 '상일뽕'의 레스베라트롤 함량도 각각 794ug/100g , 606ug/100g , 583ug/100g 으로 높았다. '청일뽕' 품종의 뽕잎에 대한 수확 후 관리방법에 따른 레스베라트롤의 함량을 분석한 결과 뽕잎 채취 후 -70℃ 에서 냉동, 동결건조하는 방법보다는 수세 후 바로 실온에서 음건하는 경우 뽕잎의 레스베라트롤 함량이 높았다.

뽕잎과 오디를 물, 50% 에탄올, 100% 에탄올 용매를 이용하여 microwave로 추출하여 이의 생리활성을 측정하였다. 뽕잎과 오디의 전자공여작용의 측정결과 모두 용매별 차이를 보였으며, 물과 50% 에탄올 추출물에서 로 높은 활성을 보였다. Tyrosinase는 로 20% 내외의 결과를 보였으며 용매별 차이는 없었다. SOD 유사활성 측정결과 뽕잎과 오디 모두 에탄올 농도가 증가할수록 활성이 감소하는 경향을 보여 물 추출물의 활성이 높게