본 연구는 온실 내에서 선망 등 유채 6품종과 4계통에 대해 지하수(대조구) 및 해수 염 농도별 처리(해수 EC 4, 8,16 dS m−1)를 통해 염분에 대한 유채의 생리반응과 품종간내염성 차이를 조사하고자 수행 되었다. 해수 염 처리에 따른 유채 경장은 해수 염 농도의 증가에 반비례하였고, 해수 염농도 EC 8 dS m−1 이상 처리구에서 급격히 감소하였다. 종실수량도 염 농도가 높아짐에 따라 급격히 감소하였으며, 염 농도 8 dS m−1 이상에서 종실수량이 비교적 높았던 품종은 탐미유채, 탐라유채, 선망으로 나타난 반면, 내한유채과 목포114호는 종실 수량이 급속히 감소하여 품종간 내염성 차이를 확인하였다. 종자 지방산 조성을 분석한 결과 올레인산 함량이해수 EC 4 dS m−1 처리구에서 소폭으로 증가(0.2~3.4%)를 보이다가 해수 EC 8 또는 16 dS m−1 처리구에서 감소하였다.하지만, 올레인산을 제외한 나머지 지방산 조성에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 해수 염 농도별 처리에 따른 유채 유묘의 무기이온들을 분석한 결과, Na+와 Mg2+ 함량은 급격히 증가하였고,K+는 감소하였다. 식물체 내의 이러한 무기이온의 함량 변화와 토양환경의 높은 염 농도가 유채 생육 억제 및 수량 저하와 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 추정된다. 염분 농도가 높은 신간척지에서 작물을 재배하기 위해서는발아기와 생육초기에 내염성에 강하고, 생육후기에 수량성이높은 유채 품종을 선발하여 이용하는 것이 가장 효과적인 대안이다.

The esterification of palmitic acid in rapeseed oil and methanol emulsified by propylene glycol with PTSA(p-toluene sulfonic acid) was followed by the transesterification of rapeseed oil into biodiesel with 1(w/v)% GMS(glycerol monostearate) as an emulsifier using TMAH(tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide) catalysts at 60℃. The former reaction was optimized at the 1:20 of molar ratio of oil to methanol and 5wt% PTSA, and the latter was optimized at the 1:8 of molar ratio of oil to methanol and 0.8wt% TMAH. The overall conversion into biodiesel was 98% after 60min of reaction time at the 1:8 of molar ratio, 0.8wt% TMAH and 60℃. TMAH was a good catalyst to control the viscosity of biodiesel mixture.

The storage stability of Instant Ramyon by industrially prepared with palm, beef tallow and blended rapeseed oils for frying oil was studied. The products was stored under fluorescent light at 60℃ with illumination of 9,000 lux. Changes of peroxide value, total carbonyl value, and absorbance at 232 nm of lipids extracted from Ramyon were investigated during storage. The storage stability of Ramyon prepared with oils containing TBHQ had better than that prepared with a mixture of BHA and BHT. The Ramyon prepared with 4 part of rapeseed oil to 6 part of tallow containing 0.02% BHA/BHT showed higher storage stability than that prepared with palm oil alone but showed lower stability than that prepared with tallow alone both under the same condition of antioxidant treatment.

A preliminary investigation was performed to evaluate the possibility of partially replacing palm oil and beef tallow by rapeseed oil for frying oils of instant Ramyon manufacturing. The AOM stability of rapeseed oil was inferior than of palm oil, but was comparable to that of beef tallow. When rapeseed oil was blended with palm oil or beef tallow, the AOM stability of the blended oil was improved. As far as AOM stability is concerned, best results were obtained with a blending ratio of 3 part of rapeseed oil to 7 part of palm oil and a ratio of 4 part of rapeseed oil to 6 part of beef tallow. These blended rapesee oils was retarded the formation of conjugated dienes and polymers during heating. The antioxidative effects on the stabilities of AOM and thermal in blended rapeseed oils showed that TBHQ was superior to tocopherols and a mixture of BHA and BHT was inferior.

Rapeseed cake was extracted with 80% ethanol and then fractionated with H2O (fraction I) as well as with 30% (II), 50% (III), 70% (IV), and 100% ethanol (V). Total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant potential, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity were in the order of fractions II > III > I > IV > V. The three fractions with high antioxidant activities and TPC (I, II, and III) were pooled and hydrolyzed by NaOH solution, resulting in 18.97 mg sinapic acid/g hydrolyzed extract and 21- and 2.2-fold increases in TPC and DPPH radical scavenging activity, respectively. Hydrolyzed rapeseed cake extracts (200, 500, and 1,000 ppm) and catechin (200 ppm) as a comparison were added to 10% fish oil-in-water emulsion, and their effects on oxidative stability were investigated by measuring hydroperoxide values (PV) during refrigerated storage. PVs were significantly lower in the emulsions with added hydrolyzed extract as compared to the control (p<0.05) and significantly decreased with increasing extract concentration (p<0.05) over a period of 29 days. The emulsion added with hydrolyzed extract showed higher PV than that added catechin at the same concentration (200 ppm) during 13-22 days (p<0.05), but after then, the PV was not significantly different (p>0.05). This study indicates that hydrolyzed rapeseed cake extract rich in sinapic acid may inhibit oxidation in a fish oil-in-water emulsion in a concentration-dependent manner.

The changes of approximate composition, antioxidant activity and melatonin content in rapeseed were monitored during 10 days germination to choose the optimum sprouts with beneficial functionalities. The moisture content of seeds increased from 3.23% to 17.50% during 10 days germination period, while ash content was similar (4.03~4.91%). The fat content was reduced from 38.18% to 22.65%, however, protein content increased from 21.43% to 26.72%. The carbohydrate content increased from 32.71% to 35.84% at 8th day. The reducing sugar and fiber contents reached 10.47% and 15.12% at 6th day from 4.04% and 12.82%, respectively. Eighth day sprouts contained highest level of polyphenol (gallic acid equivalent, 19.2 g/kg). Germination increased antioxidant activities (trolox equivalent, mmol/kg) of seeds with slight difference depending on assay. That is, antioxidant activity was highest at 6th day in DPPH radical scavenging (55.9), 10th day both in ABTS radical scavenging (71.6) and Fe(III) reducing (125.3), and 4th day in peroxy radical scavenging (116.7) assay. Melatonin content of seeds (0.85 μg/kg) also increased and reached up to 14.93 μg/kg at 6th day. In conclusion, germination more than 4 days raised antioxidant activity of seeds highly, and 6th day sprouts had additional benefit in terms of melatonin, reducing sugar and crude fiber contents.

A new rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) variety ‘Jungmo 7003’ is with early flowering and disease tolerance, which has white petals. ‘Jungmo 7003’ was developed from the cross between ‘Tower’ as female parent and ‘AB130’ as male parent in 1983. The selection for advanced lines with white flower had been done by the pedigree method. A promising line, ‘83025-B-1-1-2’, was selected and designated as the name of ‘Mokpo113’. It had good results from regional adaptation yield trials at four locations for two years from 2013 to 2014 and was released as the name of ‘Jungmo 7003’. ‘Jungmo 7003’ has light-green and middle parted leaf, light-green stem and black seed coat. Since, the prominent very special trait of ‘Jungmo 7003’ is white flower, it can be used for landscaping purposes created farm-art images. The flowering date of ‘Jungmo 7003’ was 16th April and ripening date was 5th June. The yield of ‘Jungmo 7003’ was 207 kg/10a, which was 6% lower than ‘Hanlayuchae' in regional adaptation trials. ‘Jungmo 7003’ showed high resistance to screrotium. The oil content of ‘Jungmo 7003’ was 43.8%. In fatty acid composition of ‘Jungmo 7003’, oleic acid content is 68.4%, which is 1.2% higher than ‘Hanlayuchae'. ‘Jungmo 7003’ will be adaptable to southwestern area including Jeonllanam-do, Jeollabuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeju island of Korea.

‘해안’은 조숙, 내병, 내도복성 유채 1대잡종으로 식용 및 바이오디젤 생산용으로 적합하다. 2008년에 웅성불임인 목포 -CGMS와 임성회복 화분친인 8516-B-5-6-5-3을 교배하여 생산력검정시험(2009 ~ 2010)과, 지역적응시험(2011 ~ 2013)을 거쳐, 2014년에 육성된 품종이다. ‘해안’의 엽형은 하부익상 전렬형이고 결각은 중간 정도이다. 엽색은 짙은 녹색이며, 화 색은 선황색, 종자색은 갈색이 섞인 검은색이다. ‘해안’의 성 숙일은 6월 4일로 ‘선망’보다 4일 정도 빨라 조숙성이다. ‘해 안’의 수량은 10 a당 272 kg로 같은 1대잡종인 ‘선망’에 비해 6% 증수되었다. ‘해안’의 기름함량은 44.2%이고, 지방산 중에루신산은 없는 반면 올레인산의 함량은 69.8%로 높아 식용 및 바이오디젤 생산용으로 적합하다. 글루코시놀레이트 함량 은 1.84 mg/g으로 국제허용기준치인 3.0 mg/g 이하였다. ‘해 안’은 제주도를 포함하는 전라남도, 전라북도, 경상남도 등 남 부지역에서 재배에 적합한 품종이다.

‘중모 7002’는 유채 중간모본으로 1984년에 ‘RS10//Erra/Tower’를 모본으로 하고, ‘RS10’을 부본으로 하여 인공교배하여 육성하였다. ‘중모 7002’는 엽형은 하부익상전렬으로 결각은 중간이며, 잎색은 짙은 녹색, 줄기색은 갈색이 섞인 녹색, 꽃색은 황색, 종피색은 흑색이다. ‘중모 7002’의 개화기(4월 16일)와 성숙기(6월 9일)는 ‘한라유채’와 비슷하였으나, 개화초기에 일시에 개화하는 개화균일도가 매우 좋았으며, 도복저항성도 ‘한라유채’에 비하여 좋게 나타났다. ‘중모7002’의 수량은 지역적응시험 결과 10 a당 247 kg로 ‘한라유채’의 208 kg에 비해 16% 증수되었다. ‘중모 7002’의 기름함량은 44.3%이고, 올레인산의 함량은 70.8%로 ‘한라유채’에 비하여 각각 0.5%와 3.3% 높게 나타났으며, 구루코시노레이트 함량은 1.91 mg/g으로 국제허용기준치인 3.0 mg/g 이하로 나타났다. ‘중모 7002’의 재배적지는 우리나라의 서남부지역인 전라남도, 전라북도, 경상남도 및 제주특별자치도이다.

유채의 경관효과를 높이기 위해 국내 육성 및 국외 도입 유채 8품종을 봄철에 파종시기를 달리하여 파종하고 품종, 파종시기 및 재배지역에 따른 생육 및 개화특성을 구명하여 봄 파종에 적 합한 유채품종 및 파종시기를 구명한 결과, 파종시기가 늦어짐 에 따라 유묘 출현소요일수는 짧아졌고, 초장 및 착화수는 감소 하였으며 분지수는 증가하였다. 무안과 제주 포장 모두에서 파 종일이 늦어짐에 따라 개화시는 지연되었고 개화지속일은 감소 하였다. 개화소요일수는 파종이 늦어짐에 따라 단축되었는데, 3월 1일 파종 시 73~94일이 소요되었으며, 3월 31일 파종 시 57~71일로 짧아졌다. 조생종인 ‘탐미유채’와 ‘목포 111호’가 만 생종인 ‘탐라유채’와 ‘내한유채’보다 모든 파종시기에서 10일 정 도 빠르게 개화하였다. 개화지속기간도 파종시기가 늦어짐에 따라 5~14일 정도 단축되었다. 경관용 유채 봄 파종 시 파종시 기가 빠를수록 개화특성이 향상되었고, 국내육성 품종으로는 조기개화종인 ‘탐미유채’와 독일도입종인 ‘봄유채’가 봄 파종에 적합한 품종으로 나타났다.

유채 종자에서 기름을 착유한 후 부산물인 유채박을 토양에 처리하여 토양 내 선충을 친환경적으로 방제하기 위하여 실험 한 결과를 보면, 유채박을 혼합한 토양이 OM, Av.P₂O₅, Ca, Mg, CEC 등의 수치가 증가하였으며, 유기물함량은 무처리 토양보 다 3배가량 높게 나타났다. 또한 유채박의 glucosinolate 함량 은 제주재래종 유채박이 199.97 μmol/g로 선망 유채박의 함량 보다 76.62 μmol/g 더 많았으며, 특히 progoitrin, gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, 및 sinigrin 등의 함량이 높게 나타나기 때 문에 유채박의 선충밀도 감소에 효과가 있으며 ‘선망’ 유채박보 다 제주재래종 유채박이 선충밀도를 더 줄여주었지만 유의적인 차이는 아니었다.

‘중모 7001’은 꽃이 커서 경관용으로 적합한 유채 신품종으로 1984년에 [(망운재래 × Bronowski) × Erra] × Tower를 모본으로 하고 ‘RS10’을 부본으로 인공교배하여 육성하였다. ‘중모 7001’의 엽형은 하부익상전렬, 엽색 및 줄기색은 녹색, 결각은 중간이며 꽃색은 황색, 종피색은 흑색이고, 꽃의 크기가 ‘한라유채’ 에 비하여 매우 커서 경관용으로 적합하다. ‘중모 7001’의 개화기(4월 17일)와 성숙기(6월 8일)는 ‘한라 유채’보다는 3일 정도 빠르며, 지역적응시험 결과, ‘중모 7001’ 의 수량은 10a당 259 kg로 ‘한라유채’에 비해 16% 증수되었다. ‘중모 7001’의 기름함량은 44.4%이고, 올레인산의 함량은 69.1%로 ‘한라유채’에 비하여 1.7% 높았으며, 구루코시노레이트 함량은 1.87 mg/g으로 국제허용기준치인 3.0 mg/g 이하였다. ‘중모 7001’의 재배적지는 전남, 전북, 경남 및 제주도를 포함하는 우리나라의 서남부지역이다.

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) oil with high oleic acid content is of great interest for both food and non-food uses. The ‘Tamla’ variety, characterized by oleic acid content of approximately 69%, was treated with 1% ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) to induce mutations in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. M1 plants were selfed and subsequent generations (M2, M3, and M4 mutants) were analyzed to identify mutants having increased levels of oleic acid. M2 mutants showed oleic acid content ranging from 13.5% to 76.9% with some mutants (TR-458 and TR-544) having up to 74.7% and 76.9% oleic acid, which was an increase of nearly 5% and 7%, respectively, compared to untreated cv ‘Tamla’. We selected two M3 mutants with >75% oleic acid content. One mutant (TR-458-2) had increased oleic acid (75.9%) and decreased linoleic acid (12.5%) and linolenic acid (4.4%) contents. The other (TR-544-1) showed increased oleic acid content (75.7%) and decreased linoleic acid (13.5%) and linolenic acid (3.3%) contents. The accumulation or reduction of oleic acid content in the selected M4 mutants was also accompanied by a simultaneous decrease or increase in linoleic and linolenic acid contents. The high-oleic lines could be utilized further in breeding programs for improvement of rapeseed oil quality.