The purpose of this study was to compare the anthropometry, serum lipid levels, dietary behavior and health-related behaviors of shipbuilding workers. The education level was significantly higher in office workers than laborers, while age, monthly income and working years were not significantly different between both groups. The serum triglyceride, glucose concentration and AI were significantly higher in office workers than in laborers, but the serum LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in laborers than in office workers. The frequency of breakfast and coffee intake was significantly higher in office workers than in laborers. In the office workers, age was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure but was negatively correlated with hemoglobin and hematocrit concentration In the laborers, working year was negatively correlated with hemoglobin, total cholesterol and serum LDL cholesterol concentrations. Exercise was negatively correlated with total cholesterol concentration, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol concentration and AI in the office workers. The results of this study showed that office workers are more prone to related chronic degenerative diseases. Therefore, nutritional education for the provention of chronic degenerative diseases of shipbuilding workers needs to be more focused on improving the health status of office workers.

This study focused on the yearly-dietary habits, nutrition status, and health of female students residing in Seoul. A number of classes were assess based on their dietary behaviors in oder to attempt to determine differences in their attitudes to nutrition, according to age. The students of class 2011 (sophomore) ate meals more regularly than the female students of the 2008 class (p<0.05). It was found that sophomore female students of class 2008 consumed higher than average nutrient intake. Sophomore female students of the 2011 class consumed lower than average vitamin B₂, C, Ca, and Fe intakes. Folic acid in take was lower than average in both groups. Phosphorus and sodium intakes in both groups were excessive (p<0.05). When surveyed, sophomore female students of the 2008 class believed that the most important thing for health was exercise, whereas students of class 2011 believed that nutrient intake was the most important factor (p<0.05). Female students of the 2008 class exercised 1～2 times a week generally, whereas students of class 2011 exercised three times (43.2%) (p<0.05). Therefore, it is necessary to study changes in dietary habits and health status according to the age of students, and develop specific nutrition education programs for female students.

The purpose of this study was to compare the awareness of dietary patterns and health of full-time and employed housewives. The investigation gathered information on general characteristics, dietary lifestyle, nutritional status, and health by questionnaire as well as anthropometric measurements. The subjects included housewives living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province (86 full-time and 127 working housewives) during November 2009 to January 2010. The average age, height, and weight of the housewives were 45.8±7.6 yr, 161.0±8.4 cm, and 55.7±6.3 kg, respectively. The average monthly income of the households was 3 million to 5 million won (31.4% full-time and 37.0% working housewives), and their average food expense was 200,000 to 500,000 won (46.5% full-time and 48.1% working housewives). More than 90% of the studied homes were nuclear families and the most common number of children was 2 to 3 (79.1% full-time and 76.4% working housewives). The ratio of employed housewives who ate regular meals was 35.4%, but that of the full-time housewives was 48.2% (p〈0.05). Of the working housewives, 7.1% never ate breakfast and the primary reason for skipping breakfast was 'busy in the morning' (61.1%). The type of food that the housewives preferred when eating out was Korean food, both for the full-time and employed housewives (76.0%). All the housewives overate calories and the full-time housewives ate more protein, fat, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, niacin, vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, and cholesterol than the employed housewives (p〈0.05). Both the full-time and employed housewives were more satisfied with supper than with other meals. About 30.6% of the full-time and 33.9% of the working housewives had no interest in health, but answered that regular exercise was very important for health (33.3% full-time and 39.7% working housewives). In conclusion, working housewives have poor dietary habits and nutrient intakes, thus substantial measures to improve these problems are urgently needed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects that body composition, nutrient intake, and biochemical indices have on skin status, as well as their associations with skin health status, by assessing 44 female university students. The subjects were classified into 3 groups according to skin sensitivity: sensitive skin (n=11), slightly sensitive skin (n=24), and normal skin (n=9). The study included anthropometric measurements and body composition analyses, dietary intake evaluations, blood chemical analyses, and skin health status assessments. Based on % body fat, the results indicated the subjects were moderately obese (29.6%). Obesity indices were not different among the groups, but the sensitive skin group tended to have higher skinfold thickness. Dry skin was determined as the skin type of all subjects. In the sensitive skin groups, U-zone and T-zone sebum were significantly lower (p〈0.05), and spots were significantly higher (p〈0.05) than in the normal skin group. In terms of nutrient intakes, the sensitive skin groups consumed significantly lower amounts of P and vitamins A and E (p〈0.05). There were no significant differences in serum lipid fractions or total antioxidant status among the groups. In correlation coefficients analysis, skin elasticity had significant negative correlations with subscapular and midaxillary skinfold thickness, body protein, and body minerals (p〈0.05). Wrinkling had positive correlations with triceps and thigh skinfold thickness (p〈0.05). Skin evenness had negative correlations with energy intake, vitamins A, B1, B2, C, E, niacin, and zinc (p〈0.05), as well as folate and P (p〈0.01) and vitamin B6 (p〈0.001). A similar correlation tendency was observed for spots and nutrient intake, showing negative correlations with vitamins A, B6, and E, as well as folate, Fe, and P. U-zone sebum showed significant positive correlations with serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. From these findings, skin health status appears to be affected by both nutrient intake and body composition. Therefore, having a proper balance between dietary intake and body composition may influence skin health status in females with sensitive skin.

The study aims to examine whether regular leisure activity of the elderly with active and passive types has a beneficial effect to enhance their health condition. The elderly subjects of 164 (82 of elderly who do active leisure and 82 of elderly who do passive leisure) aged over 60 years in Suwon area were employed. Survey questionnaires were administered to investigate general characteristics, life style, and health status along with anthropometric measurement. From the findings, the elderly who do active leisure were highly educated and better in living status. The elderly who do passive leisure showed higher drinking and smoking rates as well as higher obesity and overweight rates in comparison to the other counterpart. Furthermore, the elderly who do passive leisure were poor in health status. 'Painful knee and eye', 'lower back pain', and 'fatigue' were the most prevalent among subjective symptoms of the elderly. In conclusion, the elderly with active leisure activity seemed to have better life style and maintain good health status. Therefore, it is critically important to establish the health program combined with various leisure activity for the seniors to promote and energize the later years of life.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationships between the socioeconomic condition, health attitude and the eye health of the elderly. Thereupon, this study is attributed to promote the eye health of the elderly. Data were collected through questionnaire by one-to-one interview in a community. The content of original questionnaires were revised by literature review and the pilot study. The sample was consisted of 285 elderly with a mean age of 71.8 years. In the study group, female was 52.3% and male was 47.7%, respectively. In age group, over 80 years was 16.5%, 75-79 was 21.0%, 70-74 was 29.5%, 65-69 was 26.0% and 60-64 was 7.0%. In maritai status, married and living with spouse was 54.4%, widowed was 45.6%. The elderly were suffering with diseases of arthritis(33.3%), hypertension(20.1%), cataract(14.2%) and diabetes(9.7%), respectively. Socioeconomics conditions were measured with monthly allowance money : The upper group those who can spend over 310,000 won was 13.6%, 110,000-300,000 won was 34.0%, less than 100,000 won was 52.5%, respectively. Therefore, the person who were very active health practice group were correlated positively with the wealthier group. Of the total, 33.2% of the elderly answered, they are suffering from two kinds of diseases combined at the same time. For the elderly who have the more concem on eye health were positively correlated with the higher educational level, live with spouse, and the ones who can spend the more monthly allowances. Eye health concem is positively correlated to health attitude.

This study was intended to collect the baseline information on dietary behavior of adults to develop nutrition education program in the context of health promotion at community level. Nutrients intake of 135 housewives were assessed by 24 hour recall methods. Also food habits, nutrition knowledge and attitude were investigated by self-administered questionnaires. Our results indicated dietary intake of calcium and vitamin B2 were insufficient when they were compared to Korean recommended dietary allowances(RDA). Among five food groups, intakes of milk and dairy product was inadequate as compared to the recommended amount. When we compared the fatness indices to self-evaluated meal problems, overeating and speedy eating were significantly related to fatness indices. Fatness indices such as relative body weight(RBW) and body mass index(BMI) were significantly higher in the subjects who self-evaluated their unsound food behavior as overeating. However, there were no significant differences of food habit score and nutrition knowledge among groups classified by fatness or meal problem. Body fat ratio, frequencies of night snack and skipping meal significantly increased with age. Food habit score was positively related to health-concerned attitude and active attitude toward change. We concluded that nutrition education program for housewives should include detailed strategies to modify unsound food behaviors for healthy weight.

Differences in dietary intake of Korean Americans (KA) by the length of residence in the U.S. were studied in relation to health and disease patterns in Michigan. Of 1860 questionnaires mailed, 637 (34.3%) responded with demographics, anthropometrics, self-reported disease patterns, lifestyle, and dietary patterns (93-item FFQ developed for KA). Complete responses were available for 498 people (263 men,253 women, aged 30-87 yr), who were then divided into three groups based on the number of years lived in the U.S.: 15y, 16-25y, 26y. Age-adjusted weight, height, BMI, and waist to hip ratio were within the normal ranges and did not differ among the three groups. Chronic diseases frequently reported in men and women (age-adjusted) included hypertension (14.4%, 14.1%), digestive diseases (5.4%, 8.5%), diabetes (3.6%,4.9%), and arthritis(3.3%, 12.5%), respectively. The length of residence in the U.S. was inversely associated with the age-adjusted prevalence of digestive diseases (12.4%, 6.5%, 0.4% in men, 13.0%, 11.7%, 0% in women). The length of residence was positively associated with health consciousness, receiving regular health care, taking supplements regularly, and exercising, while inversely related to smoking. The majority favored American foods for breakfast and Korean foods for dinner. Foods frequently consumed included cooked rice (w/other grains). kimchi, coffee (w/cream and sugar),bread (white and dark), citrus juice, milk (low fat and skim), lettuce and cucumber, apple, seaweed, and soda. Intake frequency of the Korean starch food group was inversely associated with the length of residence for both men and women (p<0.001), but not with the American starch food group. Fat intake did not differ by the length of residence in the U.S. The dietary changes were associated with the length of residence and chronic disease patterns for the first generation of KA, which should be further examined 'for the subsequent generation of KA.

Purpose of this study was to investigate the health status and life style of middle-aged people in Daejon. The subjects expressed more fear for disease as getting older(p<0.01). Sixty six percent of the subjects have suffered in the past or suffer at present certain kinds of disease. The older they are, the more disease they have. The alimentary disease, neuralgia, and arthritis were the most popular disease. The eye strain and exhaustion of body were indicated more frequently in fifties than in thirties or forties(p<0.01). They considered excercise as the most important factor to maintain health status, and then moderation in diet, relaxation, rest, decrease of alcohol intake, no smoking. Forty three percent of them were non-drinker. The number of drinker was four times more in male than female and increased as getting younger(p<0.01). Only male revealed smoker and 29% of them smoked 10-20 cigarettes per day. The number of smoker decreased as getting older(p<0.01). Male played exercise more regularly than female and subjects have better exercise habit as getting older(p<0.01). This study suggests that practical programs for self-health control should be developed for playing exercise regularly for female and for considering nutrition, no smoking, and no drinking in the daily life for male.

Although it is rapidly increasing the number of day-care centers in Korea, the quality of food and nutrition services is not improved sufficiently. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutrition and health status of children in day-care center. Menus for lunch of 253 centers were collected and the content of nutrients was analyzed. Nutrient intakes from lunch and snacks of 90 children were investigated using weighing method and those from breakfast and dinner by 24-hour recall method surrogated from their mothers. Anthropometric indices of height, weight, skinfold thickness, the ratio of fat were measured. The lunch menus for children contained 437.0±138.9 Kcal, 17.6±6.7gr protein, 153.9±87.7mg Ca, 3.63±1.6mg Fe, 164.5±158.2RE Vit A. and 4.46±3.04mg Vit B1. Energy, Ca and Fe supplied were below one third of RDAs. Mean daily calorie intake of children aged 3 years was 1303.0±474.0Kcal/day, 1322.3±442.4Kcal in aged four, 1307.0±545.9Kcal in aged five and 1497.1±93.5kcal in six year of age. Intake of iron, vitamin A and vitamin B1 were below RDAs.