본 시험은 우리나라에서 발생하는 푸른곰팡이병균의 종의 빈도와 발병환경 및 방제법을 구명코져 실시하였다. 시험결과 Trichoderma koningi, T. lignorum, T. glaucum과 미동정의 1종등 4종의 병원균이 분리되었고 이들의 빈도는 각각 와 이었다. 푸른곰팡이병균은 감자배양액, 왁스만배양액과 리차드배양액에서 생육이 잘 되었으며 중성-염기성배지에서는 생육이 불량한 반면 산성에서 생육이 왕성하였으며 최적산도는 pH4였다. 양송이 수확기간 중 재배사내의 온도는 내외 일 때 본명의 발생이 적었고 수량이 많으며 이상에서는 본병의 발생이 격심하였다. 푸른곰팡이병균은 복토흙 소독시 에서 60분, 혹은 에서 30분간 열처리하므로서 완전히 사멸하였고 퇴비 후발효 과정에서도 사멸되었다.

Herb has been categorized as a special plants from the beginning of human history and used in different medical systems in different cultures. This research has classified soil into 6 kinds that have diverse elements to see to which various kinds of savory(satureja hortensis) adapt well, experimenting from sowing to flowering for around 13 weeks, and also divided indoor conditions to get the result below. In conclusion, growth status of savory depending on the kinds of soil suggest that in indoor conditions the savory if planted in ⑤ bed soil compounded with saprolite and poultry manure grew better than any other condition. On the other hand, the growth status was bad in ① masato, ② clay, ④ bed soil mixed with saprolite, and ⑥ bed soil mixed with clay conditions. Though you can see the immediate effect of soil on the growth of savory, I’d like to reveal the details of how elements of savory operate in which kind of soil and outdoor conditions the goal of this research, in the next research.

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fertilization with the application of mixed organic matter after cultivating green manure crops on the growth and saponin content of Codonopsis lanceolata Trautv. Methods and Results: Five type of cultivation of green manure crops were done: hairy vetch as a single seedling crop (HV), hairy vetch and rye as a mixture of seedling (HV/R), additional fertilization with mixed organic matter after cultivation of a seedling mixture (HV/R/MO), chemical fertilizer (CF), and a non-treated control (NT). The total nitrogen content was the highest in the HV/R/ MO treatment, followed by the HV, CF, HV/R and NT treatments, respectively. Nitrogen fixation was higher in the single seedling treatment with hairy vetch (HV) than in the treatment with a mixture of hairy vetch and rye seedling (HV/R). Moreover, the growth of C. lanceolata was greatly increased by the application of additional fertilizer after treatment with the mixture of hairy vetch and rye seedlings. The HV/R/MO treatment produced the highest total lancemaside content among the treatments, followed by HV, HV/ R, CF, and NT, respectively. Conclusions: It was verified that C. lanceolata experienced superior growth with the application of mixed organic matter as additional fertilizer after the cultivation of green manure crops, and the content of its major saponins, lancemasides were also increased by this treatment.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of green manures and complemental fertilization with oil cake or liquid fertilizer on growth and nitrogen use efficiency of Chinese cabbage cultivated in organi systems. Field experiments were carried out at the National Institute of Agricultural Science in Suwon, South Korea from 2012 to 2014. Two green manure crops, Crotalaria and Hairy vetch, was cultivated in summer and in winter, respectively. The application methods of the green manure consisted of three tillage systems (overall tillage, partial tillage and no tillage). Oil cake and liquid fertilizer were used as complemental fertilizer. The results showed that when used as covering material in the upland soil without tillage, green manure fertilization was more effective in increasing growth and yield of Chinese cabbage than when incorporated into soil. It was possible to grow and harvest Chinese cabbage in the spring season by the application of hairy vetch as winter green manure. The higher yield of Chinese cabbage with green manure application was caused by the lower incidence rate of soft rot and tip-burn. The yield of the Chines cabbage that received green manure applications over two consecutive seasons followed by the supplemental fertilization with oil cake was similar to that of the conventional chemical fertilization. Following a single season green manure application in summer, however, the yield of cabbage was only about 70% of the conventional treatment. Green manure cultivation with additional liquid fertilization produced a yield similar to the conventional fertilization treat-ment, soil inorganic nitrogen concentration remained stable and the nitrogen use efficiency increased in the green manure applied soil. In conclusion, the organic cultivation of Chinese cabbage in the autumn season could be outperformed in the upland soil receiving two seasons (winter and summer) of green manure fertilization followed by the supplemental fertilization with liquid fertilizer.

이 연구는 도라지의 유기재배를 위하여 3년근 이식 예정지에 풋거름 작물 재배에 따른 도라지 뿌리의 생육특성 및 사포닌 함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시되었다. 생육특성에서는 기재배지에서의 뿌리의 직경 및 곁뿌리 수는 호밀 재배구에서 가장 굵거나 많았으며, 뿌리 생체중은 풋거름작물 재배구간 차이는 없었으나, 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났다. 도라지 뿌리의 무기성분 함량에서는 무기성분별 유의성이 있는 것으로 나타났으며 특히, 기재배지에서의 호밀 처리구에서 높은 함량이 나타났다. 사포닌 함량의 변화에서는 기재배지에서는 호밀 재배구에서 모든 사포닌 함량이 가장 높은 함량으로 나타났으며, 새재배지에서는 헤어리베치 재배구에서 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 대조구에 비해 풋거름작물 재배구의 기재배지와 새재배지 모든 재배구에서 사포닌의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 따라서 도라지 유기재배 시 풋거름작물에 따른 뿌리의 생육 특성 및 약리성의 변화 등의 유의적인 차이가 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 연차 간 재배 시 호밀 재배구에 생육 및 약리성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

This study was conducted to establish the type and method of fertilization for no-tillage during the third year of No-tillage (NT) and Conventional-tillage (CT) practices, towards different kinds of fertilizers. In this experiment, the livestock manure showed higher in response to fertilizer effects of no-tillage. Comparing growth characteristics and yield in NT and CT. Regarding yield, there is no significant between livestock fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, but between livestock fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in conventional fertilization has significant differences. Based on the result, livestock fertilizer is effective way on the quantity of the crop. Nitrogen absorption of plant in livestock of no-tillage is more effective than conventional fertilization. In case of the phosphorus absorption and potassium absorption of plant, fertilizer effect has no significant. Nitrogen is highly absorbed in livestock fertilization of NT. Absorption of phosphorus and potassium are similar.

본 시험은 논으로부터 밭으로 윤환한 2년차인 답전윤환밭과 연속밭에 풋옥수수 찰옥4호 등 8품종을 사용하여 윤환밭과 연속밭의 병충해 발생, 생육 및 수량특성 차이 구명은 물론 풋옥수수의 체계적인 유기농 답전윤환 재배기술을 위한 기초자료를 확립하고자 수행한 결 과는 다음과 같다. 유기농 답전윤환 시 주요 병해는 전반적으로 연속밭에 비해 윤환밭에서 발병률이 높았으며, 시험품종 중 저항성 품종으로 발병률이 2% 미만인 흑진주찰과 대학찰 로 판단되었다. 유기농 답전윤환 시 주요 충해인 조명나방 유충 피해는 전반적으로 연속밭 에 비해 윤환밭에서 피해주율이 높았으며, 시험품종 중 저항성 품종으로는 피해주율이 낮 은 찰옥4호와 흑점2호로 판단되었다. 유기농 답전윤환 시 수량은 윤환밭에서 연속밭의 85 % 수준으로 감소하였으며, 답전윤환밭에서는 찰옥4호가 789.0 kg/10a로 가장 수량이 많았 다. 내병성, 내충성, 수량을 종합 평가하면 유기농 답전윤환 시 적합 품종으로는 찰옥4호, 흑진주찰, 흑점2호로 판단된다.

본 연구는 옥상녹화 적용을 목적으로 펄라이트와 원예용상토 배합비별 비비추(Hosta longipes (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.)를 식재한 후 무 관수 처리에 따른 스트레스가 생육에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 실험구는 펄라이트:원예용상토를 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 1:9(v/v)로 혼합한 다 음 직경 18cm, 높이 18cm의 플라스틱 용기에 본엽이 6~7매인 비비추를 식재하여 배합비별로 10반복씩 조성하였다. 측정항목으로는 초장, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽수, 엽록소함량, 엽록소형광, 녹엽면적율, 잎의 상대수분함량, 전해질 누출, 토양수분, 생존일수 등을 조사하였다. 초장, 엽장, 엽폭은 펄라이트 비율이 높아질수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며, 엽록소함량은 실험초기에는 펄라이트 비율이 높을수록 엽록소함량은 낮 은 경향을 보였으나 시간이 경과하면서 토양배합비율에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 용적수분함량은 실험시작 21일에는 0%에 도달하 였으며, 그 감소폭은 펄라이트 비율이 높을수록 낮은 경향을 보였다. 엽의 전해질누출은 수분스트레스로 인해 고사직전에 증가하는 경향 을 보였다. 생존일수는 7:3 배합비에서 53.3일로 가장 길었으며, 그 다음으로 9:1이 53.0일, 5:5 48.0일, 3:7 43.7일이었으며, 1:9에서는 40.3 일로 가장 빠르게 고사하는 것으로 나타나 펄라이트 비율이 높을수록 생존기간이 길어지는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 펄라이트의 높은 보수 력이 반영된 결과로 판되며, 펄라이트 비율이 높아질수록 생육적인 측면에서는 불리한 경향을 나타내 5:5 또는 3:7배합비율이 식물생육 측 면에서는 바람직한 것으로 판단된다.

Background:The study aimed to obtain data on the effects of cultivation and soil reduction of green manure crop on the quantity and quality of organically cultivated Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley.Methods and Results:The experiment comprised four treatments: control, hairy vetch, barley, and hairy vetch + barley (3 : 2). The plant height in the hairy vetch treatment (86.3㎝) was significantly different from that in the other treatments, whereas the stem diameter leaf area, and special product analysis division (SPAD) value did not differ across the treatments. The largest soil reduction of green manure crop was recorded in the barley treatment (440 ㎏/10 a), whereas the smallest was recorded in the single treatment with hairy vetch (80 ㎏/10 a). The hairy vetch + barley (60 : 40) treatment showed 63% more soil microorganisms than control. Radical scavenging activity estimation revealed that the total polyphenol content was highest (1,740 ㎎/㎏), and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was 92.6% in the barley treatment. The 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) activation was highest in the control (51.1%), and the root yield was the highest in the barley treatment (310 ㎏/10 a).Conclusions:The root yield, total polyphenol content, and antioxidant activity of Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) Hemsley increased in presence of the green manure crop barley.

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of hydrophilic polymer (HP) mixture ratio (Control, 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%) on growth of eggplant (Solanum melongena) for lower maintenance urban agriculture via green roofs. Although it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05), substrate temperature was decreased as hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio were increased. High substrate water content (95%) was found consistently in growing media under elevated hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio at over 5% during the entire growing period. Substrate electronic conductivity was increased as hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio were increased. Growth index was decreased as hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio was increased. It was reduced about 1/3 and 1/5 compared to that of Control in HP5.0 and HP10.0 treatment plants, respectively. Number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf width were decreased in following order: Control> HP1.0> HP2.5> HP5.0> HP10.0 treatments. There numbers were significantly lower in HP5.0 and HP10.0 treatment plants. Dry weight of shoot and root were decreased as hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio was increased. They were reduced by 1/4 compared to those of Control treatment plants. In addition, visual value was decreased as hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio was increased. Plants grown in HP1.0, HP2.5, and HP5.0 treatments all survived. However, plants grown in the HP10.0 treatment had the lowest survival rate (56%) after 3 months of growing. These results indicate that the advantage of adding hydrophilic polymer to green roof growing media may greater during dry periods. However, the proper mixture proportion of hydrophilic polymer should be determined according to different characteristics of growing media and plant species.

Background : The authors of this study analyzed the effect of the green manures cultivated in the soil of the preparation field in order to select the green manures suitable for ginseng cultivation and the effect of the green manures on the variation of ginseng growth development, the content of crude saponin and yield ability with the aim to use the results as the primary data for improving the quality of ginseng. Methods and Results: To analyze the effect of the application of green manures on the growth of ginseng, the authors cultivated 4 varieties of green manures and installed blue polyethylene sheet and one-layered black polyethylene net+three-layered blue polyethylene net(OBPNTB) and sun-shading material on the managed soil by re-applying green manures and then cultivated ginseng. The results suggested that the growth of ginseng was excellent in the barley+hairy, barely and rye cultivation plot in the plot treated with OBPNTB rather than the cultivation plot teated with Blue polyethylene sheet(BPS) and two-layered blue & two-layered black polyethylene net(TBTBPN), and the growth of leaf length and stalk diameter was excellent in barely + hairy vetch material. For the underground root weight, the growth was the most excellent(30.19g) in the barley+ hairy vetch cultivation plot treated with OBPNTB. For the underground red discoloration and root rot, the incidence rate was the lowest in the plot treated with BPS in which the water leak in a levee was small than in the test plot treated with sun-shading net. For the ginsenoside content in the cultivation plot treated with TBTBPN, the ginsenoid content was the highest in the rey cultivation plot, and it was the highest in the cultivation plot treated with OBPNTB. Conclusion : The results of study suggested rye among green manures is the most suitable for the growth of ginseng; underground growth was the most prominent in the plot treated with sun-shading net material (black 1 + blue 3) and the underground ginsenoside content was the most prominent in the rye cultivation plot and the plot treated with the sun-shading sheet.

This research carried out to figure out the effect of the green manure crop cultivated at a preparation field and the shading net on the growth, development, and quality of ginseng. Followings are results obtained from the research. Leaf width of ginseng under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polythylene net (TBTBPN) was good at rye and hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under the shading net of a threelayered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) was good at barley and hairy vetch cultured group. Meanwhile, leaf width was good at hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under a blue polyethylene sheet (BPS) was good at a barley and barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but stem length was shorter compare to other shading net cultivations. Root weight of ginseng was good under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN) at a rye and hairy vetch cultured group, and was good under the shading net of a three-layered blue and onelayered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) at a barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but there was no significant difference under blackout screen according to manure crop varieties. Ratio of rusty root was 10.2% at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), and was 23.1% at hairy vetch cultured group under shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN). Ratio of rusty root was the lowest at a rye cultured group regardless the shading nets. Content of the ginsenoside was the highest at the rye cultured group under the shading net of two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), was the highest at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN), and was the highest at the rye cultured group under the blackout screen.

본 연구는 시설하우스 내 토마토 연작장해 경감을 위해 단기 녹비작물 재배가 토마토의 생육특성 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 토마토 시설재배지에 헤어리베치와 호밀을 단파 및 혼파로 구분하여 파종하였으며, 생육된 녹비작물의 양분공 급량과 녹비작물의 토양환원 후 토양의 이화학적 특성 그리고 녹비작물 환원 후 후작물인 토마토의 생육특성 및 토마토 시들 음 병원균의 밀도를 조사한 결과, 녹비작물의 질소(N), 인(P2O5), 칼륨(K2O), 칼슘(CaO) 및 마그네슘(MgO) 공급량은 헤어리베 치의 경우 각각 26.2, 5.8, 10.2, 6.6, 및 1.5 ㎏/10a였으며, 호밀 은 각각 9.1, 4.2, 11.8, 3.8, 및 3.1 ㎏/10a였고, 혼파의 경우는 단파와 유사한 경향이었다. 토마토 시설재배지에서 녹비작물 의 토양환원 전･후 토양의 pH는 대조구와 별다른 차이 없이 6.37-6.52 범위였으며, EC는 헤어리베치(2.64 dS/m) 및 호밀 (2.62 dS/m) 처리가 대조구(헤어리베치-2.80 dS/m, 호밀 -2.91 dS/m)에 비해 낮았다. 토양 중 유기물, T-N 및 avail. P2O5 함량은 녹비작물 처리가 대조구에 비해 증가하는 경향이 었다. 녹비작물 토양환원에 따른 후작물인 토마토 생육은 녹비 작물 처리는 대조구에 비해 우수한 생육을 보였으나, 관행처리 와는 비슷한 생육을 보였다. 또한 녹비처리에서 토마토 시들음 병원균의 밀도가 현저하게 감소하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 토마토 시설재배지에서 녹비작물의 시용은 비료로서 충분 한 가치가 있으며, 녹비작물 토양 환원 후 토양화학성을 개선함 으로써 시설하우스 토마토 연작재배지의 연작장해를 경감할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 옥상녹화에서 무기질계 인공토와 유기질계 인공토가 초본인 돌나물과 목본인 순비기나무의 생육에 미치는 영향을 살펴 봄으로써 유기질계 인공토의 효용성을 제시하고자 한다. 연구기간 은 2013년 5월에서 10월로 약 5개월이며, 식물종은 초본류에 돌나 물을, 목본류에 순비기나무를 대상으로 무기질계 인공토(Inorganic substrate=perlite, IOS), 자연토(natural soil, NS), 유기질계 인공 토Ⅰ(organic substrate=artificial compost Ⅰ, OS1), 유기질계 인공토 Ⅱ(organic substrate=artificial compost Ⅱ, OS2)로 구 성하였다. 돌나물의 초장, 줄기수, 엽수, 상대엽록소함량비는 유기 질계 인공토 Ⅰ처리구(OS1)> 자연토 처리구(NS)> 무기질계 인 공토(IOS) 순으로 높았으며, 통계적인 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 생체중 과 건물중 또한 OS1, NS, IOS 처리구 순으로 생육결과와 비교적 유사한 경향을 보였다. 순비기나무는 수고, 경경, 엽장, 엽폭은 유기 질계 인공토 Ⅱ(OS2)> 자연토 처리구(NS)> 무기질계 인공토 (IOS) 순으로 유의적으로 높았으며, 특히 유기질계 인공토 Ⅱ 처리 구에서 단기간의 실험임에도 불구하고 그 차이가 뚜렷했다. 이에 옥상녹화의 식재지반에서 무기질계 인공토의 단용처리는 식물생 육에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 식물생육을 위한 적정비율 의 유기질계 인공토의 활용이 요구된다.

녹비작물로서 녹비보리와 헤어리베치를 환원하고, 토양개량제로서 charcoal을 시용하여 생강연작 재배지에서 생강을 재배한 결과, 토양 pH가 시험 전 6.9~8.1에서 수확 후 6.8~7.6로 감소하였으며, 전기전도도(electrical conductivity, EC)는 한 시험 전 0.45~1.25dS m-1에서 수확 후 0.30~0.61dS m-1로 감소하였다. 토양유기물(soil organic matter, SOM) 함량과 토양 중 총질소(total-nitrogen, T-N) 함량은 증가하였다. 유효인산 함량과 치환성 K, Ca, Mg 함량은 유의성 있는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나, 토양 pH를 중성화시키고, EC 경감, SOM과 T-N 함량의 증가는 토양 화학성 변화에 있어 긍정적으로 평가할 수 있다. 생강양분의 함량적 차이를 정상근과 이병근의 함량 차이, 토양의 점토함량 별 양분 함량 차이로 조사한 결과, 유의성이 있는 결과를 얻었으며, 처리구별로 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 망간(manganese, Mn)의 경우, 이병근의 지하부에서 3~4배 정도 높은 것으로 나타났는데, 망간(Mn)은 식물 뿌리에 대한 독성 작용으로 뿌리를 갈변시키고 균열을 일으키는 것으로 보고된바, 뿌리썩음병의 발생으로 Mn이 작용하여 이병근의 Mn 함량이 높은 것으로 보인다. 따라서, 뿌리썩음병과 Mn의 상관관계를 밝히는 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 생강 수확 후 생강 생육 상태와 생산량을 조사한 결과, 녹비보리, 헤어리베치, 녹비보리+charcoal, 헤어리베치+charcoal을 처리한 시험구(Plot 2, Plot 3, Plot 4, Plot 5)에서 생강의 생육상태가 양호하고 생산량이 높아 병발생률이 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 특히, Plot 4(헤어리베치+charcoal)-LCC에서는 100%의 생산량을 보였다. 녹비작물과 charcoal의 처리가 생강 생육과 생산에 있어 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 그리고, 상대적으로 점토함량이 낮은 처리구가 점토함량이 높은 처리구보다 생육 상태와 생산량에서 우세하였는데, 모래와 점토 함량 차이에 따른 배수와 토양의 수분보유력이 생강생육에 큰 영향을 준 것으로 판단된다.