PURPOSES : This study aims to draw differences between primary and secondary crashes by comparing crash characteristics and to identify the unique characteristics of secondary crashes for making better effective countermeasures to reduce secondary crashes. METHODS : The characteristics of secondary crashes were compared to those of primary crashes through a two sample proportional test (z-test). RESULTS : The results showed that vehicle-to-vehicle crashes and vehicle-to-person crashes are dominant crash types in secondary crashes. Compared to primary crashes, secondary crashes were likely to occur during nighttime. With respect to season and weather, the proportion of secondary crashes occurred during winter and in snowy weather is relatively higher than that of primary crashes. The main causes of primary crashes were found to be drowsiness, speeding, and exaggerated steering control, whereas main factors affecting the occurrence of secondary crashes were negligence of keeping eyes forward and no keeping a safe distance as expected. CONCLUSIONS : The characteristics affecting the occurrence of secondary crashes are different from those of primary crashes, indicating that proper countermeasures should be established to prevent the occurrence of secondary crashes on highways.

PURPOSES : The intents of the study are to identify the accident factors and to demonstrate the potentials of tobit model as a tool to study the number of accidents on arterial roads segments. METHODS : This paper uses a tobit regression as a methodology to analyze the factors affecting the number of accidents. In pursuing the above goal, this study gives particular attentions to analyzing the data of 2,446 accidents (1,610 in major arterial roads and 836 in minor arterial roads) occurred on arterial roads in 2007 to 2010. RESULTS : First, 3 accident models which were classified by total arterial roads, major arterial roads and minor arterial roads, and were all statistically significant were developed. Second, the exclusive right-turn lane as common variable, and the number of accident, traffic volume, number of lanes, link length, rate of median, number of entrances, number of pedestrian crossings, number of curves, number of bus stops and exclusive left-turn as specific variables of the models were selected. Finally, the paired sample t-test could not be rejected the null hypotheses of three types of models. CONCLUSIONS : Using data from vehicle accidents on arterial roads, the estimation results show that many factors related to roadway geometrics and traffic characteristics significantly affect to the number of accidents.

PURPOSES : This study deals with the traffic accidents of rotary in Korea. The objective of this study is to develop the accident models by age group based on the various data of rotaries. METHODS : In pursuing the above, this study gives particular attentions to classifying the accident data of 17 rotaries by age, collecting the data of geometric structure, traffic volume and others, and developing the models using SPSS 17.0 and EXCEL. RESULTS : First, 3 multiple linear regression models which were all statistically significant were developed. The value of model of under 30-49 age group were, however, evaluated to be 0.688 and be less than those of other models. Second, the most powerful variables were analyzed to be traffic volume in the model of under 30 age group, circulatory roadway width in the model of 30-49 age group, and the number of approach lane in the model of above 50 age group. Finally, the test results of accident models using RMSE were all evaluated to be fitted to the given data. CONCLUSIONS : This study propose install streetlights, speed humps and widen Circulatory as effective improvements for reduction of accident in rotary.

Namsan road are taxis in the engine room fires (07/14/2011 18:05) in the tunnel, and the driver of the vehicle was 100 passenger car and more than 500 evacuated were disasters. Pole road vehicles within the tunnel if there is a fire tunnel fire occurred at a two-way evacuation difficult and rapid evacuation is difficult and mass casualties are concerned, the number of casualties is feared. In this study, by considering the problems and improve the Namsan 1,2,3 Tunnel In case of fire, the best disaster response is to come up with ways.

This paper reviewed the relationship among job characteristics, psychological stress response, and accidents, and the mediating effect of psychological stress response between job characteristics and accidents. Based on the responses from 176 employees, the results of multiple regression analysis appeared as follow; 1) autonomy, importance and feedback effect negatively on psychological stress response. 2) psychological stress response effects positively on accident frequency. 3) psychological stress response mediates fully between autonomy and accident. 4) psychological stress response mediates partly between feedback and accident.

This study is aimed to find a control factor for the marine casualty of fishing vessel by using the risk quantitative method of marine casualty, and sequentially timed event analysis for the reason finding. The result is that collision, sinking, and capsizing took high risk need to be strongly controlled. And the accident reason and control factors distinguished are as follows. The 82.2% of collided fishing vessels have negligence of look out as a immediate cause, while it was judged that underlying causes were the characteristics of vessels and fishing method, lack of suitable complement, fatigue, the prejudice or ignorance on steering and sailing rules. So the control factors are; firstly needs educational control measures and in terms of systemic control approach expand the range of the certificate of competency more smaller tonnage.

Fishing vessels have been causing more than 70% of marine casualty in Korea. As a view of the occurring number of marine casualty, it is obvious for fishing vessel to account for the absolute high portion of that in comparison with the non-fishing vessels. That is a natural outcome because fishing vessels have occupied more than 90% of all registered Korean vessels. If we consider it not occurring number, but occurring ratio, we could find out that fishing vessels accounted for 5 times lower than non-fishing vessels in marine casualties. Nevertheless, fishing vessels have not immunity from responsibility for marine casualties at all, because the tendency of it in fishing vessel has been dominating the whole marine casualties in Korea. So for reduction of them, it is indispensable to decrease the casualties of fishing vessel. In this study, the authors tried to carry out many items of them to compare the occurring number with the occurring ratio, and dealt with the casualties of collision and machine damage in detail, because those have not only been occurring most frequently in casualties in Korea, but also led to the death and injury of lives. To reduce the collision and the machine damage, the operator have to keep the watch more strictly and check and keep the machine in good order. And it is necessary for the operator to take more education and training intended to decrease those systematically and continuously, especially for the crews of fishing vessels.

PURPOSES: Speeding is often the primary contributor to fatal crashes. Surprisingly, driving behaviors are indirectly affected by personal factors such as law-abidance, risk sensitivity, and situational adaptability. This research aims to verify the effectiveness of pavement markings at reducing the speeds of high-risk drivers. The purpose of this study is to establish how drivers (including law-abiding or law-breaking, high-risk or low-risk) react to different pavement markings in a driving simulator. METHODS: The five different pavement markings were selected from markings used in other nations. The forty-two drivers were then surveyed, via questionnaires, and placed into the corresponding groups. Finally, statistical analysis was conducted to determine the extent of speed reduction for each pavement marking. RESULTS: Higher speeds were linked to the high-risk drivers. Furthermore, after analysis of the mean difference of average speeds by pavement marking, it was determined that Dragon's Teeth had the greatest speed reducing effect on these drivers. CONCLUSIONS: Perceptual countermeasures are unlikely to strongly affect high-risk drivers' perception of speed on the curves. This statistically demonstrates that Dragon's Teeth have a subtle effect on reducing speeds in the driving simulator. This study's significance lies in the improved understanding of high-risk drivers in terms of road facilities. It approaches the effects of various patterns of pavement markings for high-risk drivers.

자동차 생산공장 내에서 생산되어진 여러 제품들을 이송시키는 경우 생산라인에 인원배치가 되어있어 육안으로 확인 가능한 생산라인 부분 혹은 CCTV 등으로 확인이 가능한 지역이 있는 반면 확인 불가능한 지역도 있다. 전자의 경우는 사고처리가 비교적 편하지만 만약 육안으로 확인 불가능한 곳에서 사고가 일어난다면 사고 발생 후 라인이 정지된 상태에서 비로소 확인이 가능하고 원인분석 등의 대응에 도입이 가능하다. 금강오토텍에서는 이번 현장맞춤형 기술개발 사업을 통해 자동차 생산공장 내 자동화 운반물 이송 시스템의 돌발적인 충돌 및 적재물 추락 사고에 대한 자체 기록이 가능하고, 실시간 무선 송신으로 관리자가 상황을 즉각적으로 판단할 수 있게 하는 자동이송 전차를 개발 계획 중이다. 이를 위해 이송전차에 탑재 가능한 소리 및 충격 센서와 실시간 영상기록장치, 영상을 보내주는 무선 송신기를 개발, 설치해 상기 문제점을 해결하려 한다.

최근에 발생하는 강력범죄는 형사정책에 대한 국민들의 불안을 증대시킬 뿐만 아니라 형사체제 전반에 대한 비판에 있어서 교정도 예외가 될 수 없는 실정이다. 이런 사회분위기는 교정에 있어 새로운 기회로 작용할 수 도 있다. 교정정책이 국민들의 적극적인 지원속에서 역할을 다하기 위해서는 도주, 자살과 같은 교정사고를 예방하여 국민들로부터 신뢰를 받는 교정의 모습을 보여주어야 할 것이다. 지금까지 자살과 관련하여 수용자를 대상으로 한 연구는 법적, 공간적 제약으로 많은 연구가 이뤄지지 않았다. 이런 이유로 수용자의 자살과 관련된 연구는 일반적으로는 법무연수원에서 발간하는 범죄백서나 법무부 교정본부에서 발표하는 통계자료를 기반으로 하여 단순하게 분석하여 대략적인 윤곽을 추정하거나, 일반적인 사회학․심리학적 이론을 토대로 한 연구가 주류를 이루고 있었다. 좀 더 세부적인 자료수집에 한계가 있기 때문에 구체적인 부분까지 연구를 수행하기에는 제한적일 수 밖에 없었다. 그러한 이유로 자살의 일반적인 자살의 원인을 우울증, 충동 등 개인의 심리적 문제를 중심으로 설명하고자 한 주장이 많았으며, 자살예방을 위한 대책도 상담 및 치료 등에 초점이 많이 맞춰진 경향이 있었다. 이론적인 연구에서 벗어나서 현장의 실무적인 입장에서의 분석을 통해 수용자의 자살사고에 대한 사전예방대책을 수립하는 기초가 되기를 바라는 마음으로 2006년부터 2010년까지 최근 5년간 전국 교정시설에서 발생한 자살관련 사고를 1차적으로 분석하고, 2010년 한 해 동안 자살을 시도하거나 준비 중에 적발되어 결과에 이르지 못한 사례를 분석하여 그 실체에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 특히 여러 차례 자살을 시도한 경력이 있는 자에 대하여는 직접 면담을 실시하여 얻은 자료를 참고하였다.

To verify the effect of driver's personal characteristics of driver on the accident frequency through railway accidents caused by human errors and the relationship with aptitude test. To prove the relevance between the driver's personal characteristics and human error accidents. Accident data from 2010 to 2011 was analyzed which collected from a train crew department in K national corporation, and 31 drivers gave an personal interview from Sep. 2011 to Nov. 2011 who had controlled a train alone and caused an accident. Compared between driver's personal characteristics and accident rate, and accident induction possibility surveyed from normal person and disqualified in aptitude tests. Accidents was occurred with the age 40s (27%) and 50s (25%), and with the experience between 15 years and 20 years (38%) and over 20 years (30%). Because more aged, more experienced, it can be seen in the correlation between driver's age and accidents induction caused by human errors like illusion. First of all it must be checked whether working conditions and environmental factors are human error-prone. Most accidents occur when received civil complaints or manager at the riding. Therefore accidents can be prevented when investigated through subsequent surveys how often human error happens, even though no accident, and safety device installed based on the error frequency.

This study compared data regarding industrial accidents and awareness level for beauty product safety for four main parts of beauty industry such as hair-care, nail-care, skin-care, and make-up. Major risk factors in beauty industry are dust, musculoskeletal disorders, and organic solvent of beauty product in order of percentage. The specific types of industrial accidents in beauty industry are mainly associated with musculoskeletal system such as cuts, sprain, and varicose vein. They are mainly compensated by personal budget. The awareness levels of chemical and heavy metal containment for beauty product by beauty industry employee were 77.2% and 59.1% respectively. Most employee confirmed only important items of labelling requirement of beauty product. Also, most employee did not understand MSDS(Materila Safety Data) for chemicals used in beauty industry. Only 38.1% of beauty industry employee has had safety education while most employee (73.6%) realized that they needed safety education. Also, safety education supervised by KOSHA(Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency) was the most preferred. This study would be good basis for safe and healthy working environment of beauty industry employee.

이 연구의 목적은 자살생각과 절망, 우울, 스트레스와의 관계를 살펴보고, 이들 간의 구조적 관계모형을 탐색하려는 것이다. 이를 위해 중ㆍ고등학교 학생 600명과 대학생 168명을 대상으로 인구사회학적 변인과 스트레스 척도, 절망 척도, 우울 척도, 자살생각 척도로 구성된 설문지를 사용하여 그 변인들 간의 관계와 특성을 탐구하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 자살생각에 대해 청소년과 대학생 집단의 차이가 검증되었다. 둘째, 성별을 제외한 모든 변수들은 서로 유의한 상관을 가짐을 알 수 있었으며, 대처신념을 제외한 모든 척도들은 서로 양의 상관을 가지고 있었다. 또한 대처신념의 저하가 자살을 이르게 할 수 있는 위험한 변수임을 확인할 수 있었다. 셋째, 청소년 집단도 대학생 집단과 마찬가지로 우울과 절망에 대한 자살의 회귀효과가 유의하였다. 자살생각에 대한 모든 예측변수와 매개변수인 스트레스의 효과를 알아본 결과, 매개변수인 스트레스가 자살생각에 대하여 독립적인 효과를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구의 의의와 그 시사점을 논하고 제언을 제시하였다.

본 연구는 탐구학습과 과정중심 쓰기 통합수업 모형을 적용하여 비판적·창의적 사고 능력을 신장시키는 데 그 목적이 있다. 지금까지 널리 활용되어 온 기존의 읽기 지도 모형들은 쓰기 과정과의 연계가 부족하다는 한계점을 내포하고 있다. 이러한 한계점을 극복하기 위하여, 현재까지 개발된 읽기 지도 모형 중 가장 학습자 중심의 읽기 교수·학습 모형이며, 읽기 과정과 쓰기 과정을 통합한 모형인 ‘Neo-SQ3R’ 모형을 적용하여, 실험반을 대상으로 사전․·사후 설문조사와 학생 소감문을 통해 모형 투입 전후의 비판적·창의적 사고능력에 대한 학습자 체감 정도를 검증하였다. 모형 투입 전·후 텍스트 재구성 여부 및 창의적 재구성 여부를 통해 비판적․창의적 사고능력 신장 정도를 검증한 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 탐구학습과 과정중심쓰기 모형을 적용한 문학 수업을 통해 비판적·창의적 사고능력이 신장되었다. 둘째, 읽기와 쓰기 과정을 통합한 교수․학습을 통해 총체적 국어사용능력이 신장되었다. 셋째, 학습자 중심의 읽기 교수․학습을 통해 자기주도적이고 적극적인 독자가 되었다.

PURPOSES : This research is to evaluate the effects of zig-zag marking. METHODS : Based on the literature review, This research adopt Comparison Group method which was developed by Hauer. RESULTS : The findings are as follows. Effectiveness of treatment at all site 1.06, intersection 0.92, median bus lane 1.93, school zone 0.50, below 6-lane 0.48, above 6-lane 1.19, cat vs person 0.57, car vs car 1.36, car only 1.29. CONCLUSIONS : Though the analysis, it was founded that zig-zag marking on the small scale road(below 6-lane) and school zone contribute to reduce traffic accidents(effectiveness of the treatment : 0.50, 0.48). But the accidents at large scale road and median bus lane where installed zig-zag marking demonstrated negative result.(effectiveness of the treatment indicates exceed 1.0).

PURPOSES : Traffic accidents at intersections have been increased annually so that it is required to examine the causations to reduce the accidents. However, the current existing accident models were developed mainly with non-linear regression models such as Poisson methods. These non-linear regression methods lack to reveal complicated causations for traffic accidents, though they are right choices to study randomness and non-linearity of accidents. Therefore, to reveal the complicated causations of traffic accidents, this study used structural equation methods(SEM). METHODS : SEM used in this study is a statistical technique for estimating causal relations using a combination of statistical data and qualitative causal assumptions. SEM allow exploratory modeling, meaning they are suited to theory development. The method is tested against the obtained measurement data to determine how well the model fits the data. Among the strengths of SEM is the ability to construct latent variables: variables which are not measured directly, but are estimated in the model from several measured variables. This allows the modeler to explicitly capture the unreliability of measurement in the model, which allows the structural relations between latent variables to be accurately estimated. RESULTS : The study results showed that causal factors could be grouped into 3. Factor 1 includes traffic variables, and Factor 2 contains turning traffic variables. Factor 3 consists of other road element variables such as speed limits or signal cycles. CONCLUSIONS : Non-linear regression models can be used to develop accident predictions models. However, they lack to estimate causal factors, because they select only few significant variables to raise the accuracy of the model performance. Compared to the regressions, SEM has merits to estimate causal factors affecting accidents, because it allows the structural relations between latent variables. Therefore, this study used SEM to estimate causal factors affecting accident at urban signalized intersections.

PURPOSES : This study deals with the effects on the installation of RLC(Red Light Camera). The objective is to analyze the effects of accident reduction after the installation of RLC. METHODS : In pursuing the above, the study uses the 703 accident data occurred at the 64 intersections which RLC are installed or not installed. RESULTS : The main results are as follows. First, Poisson RLC accident model developed in this study is analyzed to be statistically significant. Second, using the above developed model, 33 intersections among 40 intersections are predicted to have the decreasing effects of accidents after the installation of RLC. Finally, the reduction effects are analyzed to be affected by ADT and the number of left-turn lane. CONCLUSIONS : This study is expected to improve the efficiency of RLC and to help in decision-making of RLC installation.