The aim of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of sponge cakes with added rice flour produced by a modified genoise method to prevent volume reduction. A control group and experimental group Ⅰ were prepared by the genoise method and experimental groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ were produced by a modified genoise method in which they were mixed with wheat flour and water to a make paste to form gluten for 3, 6, and 9 minutes, respectively. One third of the wheat flour in all experimental groups was replaced by rice flour. The control and experimental groups were compared in terms of quality characteristics, including batter specific gravity, volume, color, textural characteristics, and sensory qualities, to determine the optimal pasting time for wheat flour in the formulation. The specific gravity of the experimental groups was higher than that of the control and decreased with increasing wheat flour pasting time. The volume of experimental group Ⅰ was lower than that of the control group, and the volume values of experimental groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ, made by the modified genoise method, were higher than that of the control group. dL* and db* values for the crust and inside of the cake were lower in the experimental groups than in the control. The dL* value, indicating brightness, increased as pasting time increased. The hardness values of experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ were higher than that of the control whereas experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ had lower hardness values. Chewiness was higher in the control group, as well as experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ than in the experimental groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The gumminess of experimental group Ⅳ was highest. Cohesiveness decreased by adding rice flour to the sponge cake. Sensory attributes of cell uniformity, tenderness, moistness, taste, and overall acceptability had the highest scores in experimental group Ⅲ. Based on these results, we conclude that the quality of sponge cake containing one third of the wheat flour replaced by rice flour is best with 6 minutes pasting of the wheat flour to form gluten.

This study was conducted to investigate rheological and sensory characteristics of Sulgidduk added with pine mushroom powder. The moisture content of the Sulgidduk ranged from 34.79 to 36.93%. Increasing the amount of pine mushroom powder in the Sulgidduk tended to decrease the pH value, but to increase the brix˚ value. Increasing the amount of pine mushroom powder in the Sulgidduk tended to decrease the lightness(L) in Hunter color value, but to increase the redness(a) and yellowness(b). For the textural characteristics, the addition of pine mushroom powder decreased the adhesiveness and springiness. In sensory evaluation, the addition of 3% pine mushroom powder had the best score in appearance, odor, taste and overall preference. Therefore, this results suggest that adding 3% pine mushroom powder would be feasible for making pine mushroom Sulgidduk.

This study was performed to investigate the quality characteristics of sponge cake made with leek(Allium tuberosum Rottler) powder. In order to evaluate the physical and sensory properties of different cake, the leek powder was added to wheat flour at various ratios(3, 5, 7, 9%, w/w). The specificgravity of bread dough tends to increase with the addition of leek powder. The moisture levels of the sponge cakes made with leek powder were higher than that of the control. Crumb color values, lightness(L) and redness(a) decreased by leek powder addition, while yellowness(b) was significantly increased (p<0.05). In texture analyses, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness andgumminess decreased with the addition of leek powder. In sensory evaluations, the 3% leek powder sponge cake showed higher sensory property scores than others(p<0.05).

In this study, Boehmeria nivea were extracted with water and ethanol, and antioxidative activity was investigated along with the quality of cookies prepared with added Boehmeria nivea, as a functional food. Among the water and ethanol extracts, high electron donating abilities were found. we selected various quantities of Boehmeria nivea(0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%) to add to the cookies as an independent variable and performed sensory tests, as well as, measured chromaticity, and property of matter measurements. The rates of brightness, redness, and yellowness(p<0.001) changed significantly with increasing quantities Boehmeria nivea. The rates for spread ratio, hardness, brittleness, and chewiness(p<0.001) also changed siginificantly with increasing amounts Boehmeria nivea. Finally, texture(p<0.05), appearness, sweetness(p<0.01), bitterness, and overall quality(p<0.001) were examined in sensory tests and showed significant differences. Based on the above results, the cookies that contained 3~9% of Boehmeria nivea presented the best quality.

현재 저온유통만 허가되어 있으며 저장유통기간이 짧은 게맛어묵에 레토르트 살균기술과 반응표면분석 법을 도입하여 기존의 풍미나 품질에 손상됨 없이 상온유통과 장기저장이 가능한 게맛어묵을 제조하기 위하여 가열살균기술의 최적화 조건을 구명하였고, 본 레토르트 살균처리가 게맛어묵의 품질특성에 미치 는 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. 반응표면분석의 독립변수는 살균량 (F0-value)과 가열온도로 하였으며, 이 들의 영향을 받는 가열살균 후의 품질인자, 즉 종속변수는 전단력, 백색도 및 관능적 조직감으로 나타내 었다. 레토르트 살균이 게맛어묵의 품질 및 전반적인 식품성분의 변화에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, F0-value 5분 이하의 가열살균에서는 F0-value보다는 가열온도가 게맛어묵의 품질 변화에 미치는 영향 이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, F0-value 2.6분 이상으로 가열살균할 경우 게맛어묵의 무균성이 확인되었다. 반응표면분석 program으로 설정한 레토르트 게맛어묵의 최적 가열살균조건은 전단력의 경우 가열온도는 115.7℃, F0-value 3.3분, 백색도는 가열온도 116.1℃, F0-value 3.8분, 그리고 관능적 조직감의 최대화 조건은 가열온도 115.8℃, F0-value 3.3분이었고, 이 3가지 품질요소를 모두 고려한 multiple response optimization 반응조건은 가열온도 117.5℃, F0-value는 3.3분이었다.

1. 콩분말을 첨가한 국수의 품질특성 색도 - 콩분말을 첨가량이 증가할수록 L(밝기)값은 감소, a(적색도)값은 감소함. 조직감 - 경도는 콩분말을 첨가한 모든 국수에서 증가, 응집성은 감소함. 이소플라본 함량 - 콩분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가함. 관능평가 - 전체적인 기호도가 대조군에 비하여 3,5% 콩분말 국수가 유의적으로 높음. 2. 천마 분말을 첨가한 국수의 품질특성 색도 - 천마분말을 첨가량이 증가할수록 L(밝기)값은 감소, a(적색도)값은 감소함. 조직감 - 경도는 대조군에 비하여 0.5, 1% 천마국수에서 유의적으로 증가, 씹힘성은 0.5% 천마국수에서 유의적으로 증가함. 관능평가 - 전체적인 기호도가 대조군에 비하여 1% 천마분말 국수가 유의적으로 높음. 3. 콩, 천마 분말을 첨가한 국수의 품질특성 최종 적정혼합 비율 - 콩분말은 소비자의 기호성을 고려하여 5%로 결정함. 천마분말 - 0.5, 1%에서 품질특성에 따른 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았으므로 상업성을 고려하여 0.5%로 결정함.

전통식품에 대한 관심이 증가되고 있는 현재 최근 막걸리에 대한 개발이 지속적으로 이루어지고 있다. 특히, 막걸리의 경우 유통 중 발효현상에 따른 저장 안정성이 중요하게 대두되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 막걸리 저장을 위한 안정성에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 저장 시료로는 대조구 및 원심분리를 하여 얻은 상층액(SS), 침전물(SD)로 하였다. 저장 실험은 10oC에서 30일 동안 시행하였으며, 저장기간에 따라 취한 시료에 대해 이화학 분석 및 미생물 실험을 하였다. 그 결과 모든 시료군에 대해서 환원당은 10일째부터 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 산도 및 색도 경우 저장기간에 따라 지속적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 특히, 침전물 부분은 yellowness value가 저장 초기보다 2배 정도 증가하였다. 미생물의 경우 유산균은 저장기간이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 효모는 저장 15일 이후 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으나 그 유의차는 크지 않았다. 이러한 변화는 원심분리한 후 저장한 시료군에 대하여 비교적 적게 나타났다. 따라서 분리저장 방법이 저장 유통 중 막걸리의 품질변화 개선 효과에 대해 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 향후 막걸리 제품에 대해 분리형 포장 기법이 막걸리 유통 안정성에 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다.

최근 전통 식품에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라서 우리 나라 고유의 술인 막걸리 소비가 국내에서뿐만 아니라 해외 수출량도 급증하고 있다. 그러나 막걸리의 유통 및 저장 안정성을 증가시킬 수 있는 방법으로는 미생물 제어 기술로서 냉장 유통과 가온 살균에 제한되어 표준화된 기술이 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 막걸리 유통기간 연장 방법의 하나로 막걸리를 급속동결(Quick Freezing, QF) 및 완만동결(Slow Freezing, SF)을 하였으며 이에 따른 품질 변화를 실험하였다. 즉, 동결 방법에 따라서 40일간 저장하면서 저장기간 10일 간격으로 시료를 취하여 10oC에서 24시간 해동시킨 후 이화학 분석 및 미생물 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 모든 시료군에 대해서 환원당은 저장 10일째 급격히 증가한 후 저장기간에 따라 지속적으로 증가하였으나, 그 증가폭은 크지 않았다. 산도 및 색도 경우 저장기간에 따라 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 미생물의 경우 젖산균 및 효모 모두 저장기간이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 젖산균의 경우 초기 젖산균이 4.1×107 CFU/mL에서 저장 20일째 QF는 3.6×106 CFU/mL, SF는1.8×104 CFU/mL로 나타나 QF 경우보다 SF경우 저장 중 젖산균에 대한 변화가 크게 나타났다. 효모의 경우에서도 동일한 변화를 나타내었다 이러한 결과 냉동 방법과 기간에 따라 막걸리 내 미생물의 생육을 제어하는 가능성을 알아볼 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the appropriate water content in high omega-3 fatty acid Saury nuggets for the desirable texture. The approach was made with adding water and onion at various levels (0~20%). The main ingredients of the nuggets included saury mince, mild pizza cheese, and hydrated textured soy protein concentrate. The formulated products were molded (dia. 4.5, thickness 1.5 cm, 20 g), lightly battered, and flash fried for 4 min. at 160℃, and then frozen until tested. The frozen nuggets were cooked at 165℃ and subjected to sensory evaluations, texture analysis, and water content analysis during warming (0~60 min), as well as assessments of acid, peroxide, and TBA values (during 10 days of storage at 24℃). In the sensory evaluation, preference for texture was highest in the nuggets made with a 15% onion level. The hardness of the nuggets increased with increasing onion level. Moisture content was highest in the nuggets made with a 20% water level. Changes in hardness during warming (0~60 min) of Saury nuggets containing various water and onion levels increased in nuggets made with the 20% water level. The acid, peroxide, and TBA values of the Saury nuggets made with herbs and oriental herbal extracts decreased up to 10 days of storage.

This study was conducted to investigate the use of sugar alcohols as alternative sweeteners for replacing sucrose in sponge cake. The sponge cakes were prepared with only sucrose or a 50% replacement of sucrose with various sugar alcohols (erythritol, sorbitol, and xylitol). The specific gravity of cake batter containing only sucrose was significantly higher and the viscosity was significantly lower than those containing sugar alcohol (p<0.001). Among sugar alcohols, xylitol was the most similar to sucrose. The thermal characteristics, as assessed by differential scanning calorimetry, showed that sucrose delayed gelatinization of cake batter more than sugar alcohol, as the onset temperature and the peak temperature of cake batter containing only sucrose were higher than those containing sugar alcohol. The moisture content of cake containing sorbitol was the highest and that containing only sucrose was the lowest among cakes. The specific volume of cakes containing only sucrose and xylitol were higher and the baking loss rate of those were lower than other sugar alcohols. The volume and symmetry index of cake containing only sucrose were the highest among cakes (p<0.001), and xylitol was similar to sucrose for the above indices. The redness (a) and yellowness (b) values of crust containing only sucrose were significantly higher than those containing sugar alcohols (p<0.001). The a and b values of crumb containing erythritol were the lowest among cakes, showing a pale yellowish color. The microstructure, as assessed by scanning electron microscopy, showed that the cake containing only sucrose had more uniformly and finely distributed pores and a smoother cross section than that containing sugar alcohols. Cake containing xylitol was similar to cake containing only sucrose. Hardness, chewiness, and gumminess of cake containing only sucrose were higher than those containing sugar alcohols, whereas the adhesiveness of cakes containing sugar alcohols were higher than those containing only sucrose (p<0.01). Among sugar alcohols, xylitol was the most similar to sucrose in textural properties. In a sensory quality test, the tenderness and moistness of cakes containing sorbitol and erythritol were higher than those containing only sucrose and xylitol. The overall acceptance of cakes containing xylitol and only sucrose were higher than those containing sorbitol and erythritol (p<0.001). Thus, xylitol is more appropriate as a 50% replacement for sucrose than erythritol and sorbitol when preparing sponge cake.