장어의 과산화 억제를 위해 월계수잎, 총백, 헛개열매, 녹차를 시판 소주(30°)를 용매로 하여 추출한 것을 시료로 사용하였다. 장어 250 g에 5 g의 주정 추출물을 장어 전체에 고루 바른 후 35℃ 15시간 열풍건조한 후 실험에 사용하였다. 주정 추출물의 항산화 활성은 DPPH 소거 활성 실험, 반건조 장어의 산가, 과산화물가, 리놀레산 및 장어유 과산화 지연반응을 통해 확인하였다. DPPH 소거 활성이 가장 높았던 것은 녹차 추출물이었으며, 다음으로 활성이 높았던 것은 월계수잎, 헛개열매 추출물이었다(p<0.05). 21일 동안 냉장보관한 장어의 산가 측정에서 헛개열매 추출물로 처리한 경우, 산가가 가장 낮았으며, 다음으로 녹차 추출물로 처리한 경우의 산가가 낮았다. 유리지방산 생성 억제 효과와 유사하게 헛개열매, 녹차 추출물이 장어의 열풍건조 동안 초기 과산화물 생성을 억제하고, 냉장보관 21일 동안 반건조 장어의 과산화물의 생성을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 4종의 주정 추출물들은 반응 20일 동안 리놀레산의 과산화를 억제하는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반응 20일 동안 장어유의 과산화를 지연시킨 효과가 높았던 것은 헛개열매와 녹차 추출물이었으며, 다른 추출물에 비해 상대적으로 장기간 안정적으로 장어유의 과산화를 억제하는 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 장어의 건조 전 전처리에 헛개열매와 녹차 주정(30° 소주)추출물을 적용하는 것은 장어의 건조 및 반건조 장어의 냉장보관 중의 과산화를 지연시키는데 효과가 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

고추는 조미채소의 한 종류로 우리나라 채소시장에서 큰 비중을 차지하는 품목이다. 대부분 고추의 이용은 건고추의 분말형태인 고춧가루로 가공하여 이용되고 있으므로, 고추건조에 대한 품질과 생산성 향상이 중요한 부분이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고추의 건조방법에 따라 고춧가루의 품질을 좌우할 수 있는 성분의 변화에 대하여 비교하고, 생산비를 고려하여 적정 건조방법을 제시하고자 실험을 수행하였다. 건조방법으로는 관행으로 많이 이용되는 양건과 화건을 이용하였으며, 제습기를 이용한 제습건조방식을 추가 적용하여 건고추 생산성과 품질을 비교하였다. 고추의 건조방식에 따른 건조율은 화건이 85.1%로 제일 높았고, 이에 따라 고춧가루의 수분함량도 13.5%로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 고추의 색택을 좌우하는 ASTA(American Spice Trade Association) 색도는 양건처리에 비해 화건과 제습건조처리가 높은 결과를 보였다. 고춧가루의 신미성분인 capsaicinoid 함량은 양건처리에 비하여 화건과 제습건조처리에서 모두 낮게 나타나 이에 대한 추가적인 적정 건조조건에 대한 연구가 추가되어야 된다. 당함량은 건조시간이 비교적 짧았던 화건과 제습건조처리에서 양건에 비해 높게 나타났으나 두 처리간에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 건고추 생산비용은 제습건조처리가 화건처리에 비해 9.9% 효율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 화건과 제습건조가 당함량의 증진과 건고추의 색 발현 측면에서는 효과적이었음을 알 수 있었다. 고추의 신미성분인 capsaicinoid함량 증진을 위해서는 화건과 제습건조처리에서 적정한 건조온도와 건조시간에 대한 연구가 추가되어야 될 것으로 판단되었다.

The Korean rhinoceros beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), has been traditionally used for the treatment of liverrelated diseases. Recently A. dichotoma was registered as a food ingredient in Korea. Given the increasing interest in this beetle, studies on the development of safe and nutritious feed sources for its commercial production are needed. In this study, we compared the effects of by-products on the growth of third instar larvae of A. dichotoma. An abundance of food by-products have been found to serve as an alternative energy source in animal feeds with the reduced cost. We fed third instar A. dichotoma larvae feeds consisting of fermented sawdust with nine different combinations of citrus peel, soybean curd cake, soybean oil meal, and brewers’ dried grain, and measured their effects on growth until the larvae pupated. The highest survival rate was in feed supplemented with 10% of brewers’ dried grain (66.7%). Especially, larvae fed on 10% of brewers’ dried grain were 26% heavier than the control (with no supplement). For the group of 10% brewers’ dried grain, the larval period of third instar was shortened by almost 28 days compared to the control group. Of the experimental and control groups, only the group of 10% brewers’ dried grain showed more than 90% of pupation rate. Therefore, brewers’ dried grain may be sufficiently useful as a source of feed for A. dichotoma.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of freeze dried placenta supplementation on reproductive performance, colostrum and plasma biochemical composition in pregnant sows. Eleven Landrace × Large white sows were fed with corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with or without 1% freeze dried placenta powder from 10 days before their expected farrowing dates until 10 days postpartum. The colostrum protein content was significantly higher(P=0.043) in the treatment group than in the control group. Compared to the control group, the immunoglobulin G(IgG) concentration in the colostrum was significantly higher(P=0.004) in the treatment. In day 25 piglets plasma, the IgG concentration was higher(P=0.184) in the treatment than the control. The mortality rate was lower(P=0.102), and the piglet weight gain was higher(P=0.35) in the treated group. Overall, the treatment group showed greater levels of protein and IgG concentration in the colostrum, when compared to control group. Therefore, the freeze dried placenta supplementation on pregnant sows can enhance its colostrum composition, hence decrease the mortality and increase the growth rate of piglets.

This study was performed to evaluate the quality characteristics of functional Dasik prepared with a mixture of freeze-dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) powder and dried pollack powder along with assessment of the general and fatty acid compositions of mealworms. General compositions, except for moisture content of freeze-dried mealworm powder, were higher than those of raw mealworms. The ratios of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids of freeze-dried mealworm powder and raw mealworms were 1:3.31 and 1:3.19, respectively. Amounts of oleic acid, which was the most abundant among unsaturated fatty acids, of freeze-dried mealworm powder and raw mealworms were 41.12 and 37.84%, respectively. For color values, greater content of freeze-dried mealworm powder in functional Dasik resulted in lower L and b scores, whereas a value increased. In the case of mechanical properties, greater content of freeze-dried mealworm powder resulted in significant reduction of hardness, chewiness, and gumminess. In the case of sensory evaluation, color, taste, and overall quality of DPMD50, which was prepared with a 1:1 ratio of freeze-dried mealworm powder and dried pollack, were the highest. It was concluded that DPMD50 is a nutritious combination of edible insects and fish for protein fortification for growth and the elderly.

본 연구는 국내 유통되고 있는 건조 농산물 중 33종의 고구마말랭이에 대하여 이산화황, 카로티노이드 함량 및 바실러스 세레우스 오염 정도를 조사하였다. 고구마말랭이의 시료별 특징에 따라 4가지의 군집으로 분류하여 각 군집간의 이산화황, 카로티노이드 함량 및 바실러스 세레 우스 함량을 조사한 결과, 각 군집간의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 33개의 고구마말랭이에서 잔류 이산화 황이 검출 범위는 0.38~28.16 mg/kg으로 기준인 10 mg/kg 이상으로 검출된 경우는 3건(9.09%) 이었지만, 고구마말 랭이의 이산화황 잔류 허용 기준치인 30 mg/kg을 초과하는 시료는 나타나지 않았다. 고구마말랭이는 카로티노이드에 대한 규격 기준이 없으므로 카로티노이드의 국·내 외 기준을 비교하였을 때, 본 실험에서 검출된 고구마말랭이의 카로티노이드 검출 범위는 46~2663 μg/100 g 로 카로티노이드의 함량 기준인 0~9,826 μg/100 g 의 범위 내로 확인되었다. 고구마말랭이 시료에서 바실러스 세레우스로 추정되는 집락은 대체적으로 검출되지 않았으며 7건(21.21%) 에서만 0.05~1.59 log CFU/g 범위로 검출되었지만 국내 기준치인 3 log CFU/g 은 넘지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 건조 농산물 중 고구마말랭이에 대한 기준규 격 제정 시 품질 지표 기준으로 설정할 수 있는 기초자료 로서 활용될 것으로 판단되며 국내 유통중인 고구마말랭 이에 대한 품질 관리를 위해서는 원재료부터 건조 방법 그리고 포장 후 유통까지 안정하게 공정 과정이 진행되도 록 지속적인 관리 및 유지를 해야 될 것으로 사료된다.

SiAlON-based ceramics are some of the most typical ceramic materials used as cutting tools for HRSA(Heat Resistant Super-Alloys). SiAlON can be fabricated using ceramic processing, such as mixing, granulation, compaction, and sintering. Spray drying is a widely-used method for producing a granular powder of controlled morphology and size with flowability. In this study, we report a systematic investigation aimed at optimizing spherical granule morphology by controlling spray-drying parameters such as gas flow and feed rate. Before spray drying, the viscosities of the raw material slurries were also optimized with the amount of dispersant added.

In previous experiment, drying efficiency of infrared and hot air dryers was investigated. On this study, drying rate of sweet potato according to different infrared interval was performed to find the optimal interval range. Steamed sweet potato was cut to a thickness of 0.5cm, the width and length were 1.5*3cm. The condition of infrared drying was 60 to 40°C, which range of interval was adjusted 5 to 20°C. Moisture content, brix, color, and texture were estimated as quality parameters. Drying rate was increased with decreasing temperature range and soluble solid contents were increased as drying time was increased, but there was no difference after 4 hours. Hardness was resulted in highest value at small temperature range and hard texture was affected by drying time. However, there were no significant differences in L, a, b value. In conclusion, small interval range of infrared was indicated highest drying efficiency and the optimal condition of drying time was 4 to 6.

Physicochemical properties of cherry tomato dried using the conventional hot air (HA) and superheated steam (SHS) combined with either HA or far-infrared (FIR) were measured to evaluate the effects of combined drying process on the product quality. Conventional HA drying caused the greater extent of water removal than that of SHS combined with HA or FIR due to comparatively its longer drying time, resulting the lower water activity. Total acidity of cherry tomato produced by combined drying processes was slightly lower than that of conventional HA drying. Application of SHS combined with FIR resulted in higher retention of vitamin C and lycopene content with faster rehydration capacity than those of both conventional HA and SHS with HA drying. These results suggested that SHS combined with FIR would replace the conventional HA drying process successfully in production of dried cherry tomato with appropriate quality characteristics

The anti-diabetic effect of dried-silkworm Dongchunghacho water extracts was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Seven-week-old SD rats were randomly assigned to six groups: normal control (NC) group, diabetic control (DC) group, water extracts of Paecilomyces japonica grown on a dried-silkworm (PJ-DS, 50 mg/kg) group, PJ-DS (250 mg/kg) group, water extracts of Cordyceps militaris grown on a dried-silkworm (CM-DS, 250 mg/kg) group, and water extracts of dried-silkworm (DS, 250 mg/kg) group. These groups were orally provided with sample dissolved in water respectively for four weeks after an injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, ip) followed by identification of diabetic control (DC) group. After four weeks, body weight of all diabetic groups was significantly lower than that of the normal control (NC) group, but among diabetic groups there were no significant differences. Blood glucose levels of the PJ-DS (50 mg/kg), PJ-DS (250 mg/kg), CM-DS (250 mg/kg) and DS (250 mg/kg) groups were reduced compared to the DC group by 3.0 percent, 18.5 percent, 6.9 percent and 13.1 percent, respectively. Concentration of total cholesterol and triglyceride in blood plasma were to some degree decreased in PJ-DS (250 mg/kg) and DS (250 mg/kg) groups compared to the DC group. According to these results dried-silkworm Dongchunghacho water extracts (PJ-DS) boost protection against STZ-induced toxicity.

반 건조 소화 하수슬러지와 폐플라스틱을 혼합하여 파일롯 규모(85.3kg/hr)의 연속식 저온 (510℃~530℃) 열분해 실험을 하였다. 실험결과 열분해가스 발생량은 투입물 건량의 최대 68.3%, 발열 량은 40.9 MJ/Nm3 이었으며, 연속식 열분해에 따른 외기 유입율이 19.6%이었다. 오일은 투입물 건량 의 4.2%가 발생하였고, 저위발열량은 32.5 MJ/kg 이었으며 시설부식 등을 일으킬 수 있는 황과 염소의 함량이 각각 0.2% 이상이었다. 투입물 건량의 27.5%가 발생한 탄화물의 저위 발열량은 10.2 MJ/kg 이 었고, 용출시험 결과 지정폐기물에 해당하지 않았다. 열분해가스의 연소 배가스는 일산화탄소, 황산화물, 시안화수소 등의 배출농도가 특히 높았고, 다이옥신 (PCDDs/DFs)은 0.034 ng-TEQ/Sm3 로서 법적 기 준치 이내였다. 건조 배가스 응축으로 발생한 폐수는 수질오염물질 47개 항목 중 총질소, n-H 추출물질, 시안 등의 고농도 항목이 많아 전처리 후 하수처리장 등에서의 병합처리 방식을 고려할 필요가 있었다.

We investigated the antioxidant, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of dried type sodium-reduced bibimbap using dandelion complex powder (DCP). DCP is known to add moisture to the skin and relieve symptoms of atopic dermatitis. The sodium content of the standard sample was 1,110.87 mg per serving. The sodium was significantly reduced by 30%, resulting in 762.62 mg of sodium for the reduced sodium group (p<0.05). The ash contents of the standard sample group with DCP showed the highest value (3.17%) in all samples and was affected by minerals of DCP (p<0.05). The total flavonoid contents and ABTS radical scavenging activity, indicators of antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial activities, showed significantly high activities with addition of DCP (p<0.05). In the sensory results, bulgogi and savory flavor of the samples with DCP showed significantly higher values, and samples with DCP received the highest scores for after-taste. All samples were confirmed to be microbiologically safe according to the food code applied to food manufacturers. Pathogenic microorganisms tests were either negative or not detected in all samples.

This study aimed to assess fatty acid composition and anti-inflammatory effects, such as nitric oxide(NO) production, expression of TNF-α and interleukin-6(IL-6), of Tenebrio molitor larva using RAW 264.7 cells. The content of total fatty acid in Tenebrio molitor larva was 76.14%, which was composed of oleic acid(42.12%), linoleic acid(32.67%) etc. There was no cytotoxicity at a dose level of 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 μg/mL of freeze dried Tenebrio molitor larva ethanol extract(FDTEtOH) on RAW 264.7 cells. FDTEtOH significantly decreased NO production in LPS(lipopolysaccharide)- stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Also, FDTEtOH dose-dependently suppressed the expression of TNF- α and IL-6. Thus, these results showed that Tenebrio molitor larva has the potential to be used as an anti-inflammatory food to improve immunity.

Riboswitches are structured RNA motifs that can directly bind specific metabolites. The binding of metabolites further regulates downstream metabolism eliminating the need for any regulatory proteins. We searched for novel bacterial vitamin B1 binding riboswitches in the metagenome of sun-dried saline soil. Soil microbial metagenomes were studied using NGS analysis. A total of approximately 50 Gb of the sequence data was obtained by Hi-seq and 454 GS FLX sequencing, and these sequences were subjected to riboswitch search. Hi-seq generated 614 contigs showing similarity to riboswitches, while 454-based sequencing generated 383 similar contigs. We matched whole metagenome contigs to local BLAST databases constructed using 91 previously known bacterial vitamin B1 thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-box motifs, and 11 SAM S-box motifs. Repetitive BLAST comparisons to local BLAST databases with nucleotide sequences from NGS identified 14 novel TPP-box motifs, and 7 S-box motifs respectively from the metagenome contigs. Further, RNA secondary structure analysis with public databases Rfam, and RibEx using these 21 riboswitch candidates revealed one contig, D8PYI to possess the most probable TPP-box structure. We constructed intragenic synthetic riboswitches to investigate whether the TPP-box motif region in D8PYI could harness gene expression in the presence of TPP. Construction of biosensors containing 100~400 bp fragments of D8PYI contigs, and in vivo imaging using the biosensors displayed TPP-specific changes in the expression of a green fluorescence protein reporter. In this regard, the adaptation of in silico riboswitch screening from environmental metagenomes could provide biosensors for detection of specific metabolites.