Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be attractive approaching in gene or drug delivery for cancer therapeutic strategies. In this study, the ability and feasibility of human bone marrow derived MSCs expressing the cytosine deaminase (CD)/5-Fluorocytosin (5-FC) prodrug was evaluated to target human osteosarcoma cell line Cal-72. At first, the fibroblast-like cells were successfully obtained from human bone marrow and demonstrated that they contained full of stem characteristics by the ability of differentiation into adipocyte/osteocyte and expression of typical mesenchymal markers CD90, CD44, while negative for CD34 and CD133 markers. We established the stable CD-expressing MSCs cell line (CD-MSCs) by transfection of pEGFP-C3 containing cytosine deaminase::uracil phos-phoribosyltransferase (CD::UPRT) gene into MSCs, and confirmed that the manipulated MSCs still remained full characteristics of multipotent cells and shown migration toward human osteosarcoma cancer cells Cal-72 as high as origin MSCs. Based on bystander effect, the therapeutic CD-MSCs significantly augmented the cytotoxicity on cancer cell Cal72 in either direct co-culture or conditioned medium in the presence of 5-FC. Moreover, in osteosarcoma cancer- bearing mice, the therapeutic CD/5-FC MSCs showed the inhibition of tumor growth compared with control mice which was s.c injected with only Cal72. Our findings suggest that these therapeutic CD-MSCs may be suitable and viable cellular vehicles for targeting human osteosarcoma cancer.

We studied the total polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and α-glucosidase inhibition of water extracts from 17 medicinal plants. Total polyphenol contents ranged from 10.0 (Coix lachryma-jobi L, CL) ~ 279.7 (Perilla sikokiana, PS)mg/g. The water extract from medicinal plants were evaluated for its free radical scavenging activities and compared with a commercial antioxidant, ascorbic acid. DPPH radical scavenging activity of Pyrus pyrifolia (PP), Chamaecyparis obtusa L. (COL), Chamaecyparis obtusa F. (COF), and PS were higher than positive control. Higher hydroxyl radical scavenging activity were shown in Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) and Cordyceps militaris (CM) than the other plants. The highest anti-α-glucosidase activity was observed in Cornus officinalis (CO) and Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews (PSA) water extracts. PSA showed not only the higher DPPH radical scavenging activity but also the anti-α-glucosidase activity. The results of our study that PP, COL, COF, PS, AS, CM, CO and PSA could be potential candidates for natural antioxidants.

The effect on the antioxidant activity and Nitric Oxide activity production inhibitory activity of Taraxacum has not been known. Therefore, phenolics and flavonoid contents were investigated from the ethanol extracts of five different Taraxacum species. The results showed that, among the five Taraxacum, T. hallaisanensis contains the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents. When the antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH, ABTS+ and reducing power activity, the free radical scavenging activity of T. hallaisanensis was also the highest among five Taraxacum species. However, measurement by CCK-8 assay in Raw264.7 cells indicated that the extracts of Taraxacum species have no effect on cell viability. Moreover, we also investigated the effect of Taraxacum species on NO scavenging activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. The results clearly showed that Taraxacum species inhibited NO production, and the inhibitory effect of T. hallaisanensis was the strongest. The above results suggested that Taraxacum species affected the antioxidant and NO scavenging activity, and among the five species, antioxidant and NO scavenging activity assay of T. hallaisanensis was significantly higher than those of other four Taraxacum species. Therefore, T. hallaisanensis could be used as a potential drug with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.

본 연구의 목적은 생강나무 추출물의 항산화 활성과 타이로시네이즈 저해 활성을 살펴봄으로써 화장품 원료로서의 응용 가능성을 확인하는 것이다. 모든 실험은 생강나무의 50 % 에탄올 추출물, 에틸아세테이트(ethyl acetate)분획, 아글리콘(aglycone) 분획을 이용하여 진행하였다. 에틸아세테이트 분획의 DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)소거활성은 기존에 잘 알려져 있는 항산화제인 (+)-α-tocopherol 보다 높은 것으로 나타났다.Fe3+-EDTA/ H2O2 계에서 생성된 활성산소종에 대한 세 분획의 소거활성(총항산화능)은 대표적인 항산화제인 L-ascorbic acid와 비슷한 것으로 나타났다. Rose-bengal로 증감된 1O2에 의한 적혈구 파괴에서, 50 % 에탄올 추출물과 에틸아세테이트 분획의 세포보호 효과는 농도 의존적(1 ∼ 25 μg/mL)으로 증가하였다. 10 μg/mL 농도를 기준으로 비교하였을 때 에틸아세테이트 분획의 τ50은 361.0 min으로 가장 높은 세포 보호 활성을 나타내었다. 타이로시네이즈 저해활성에서 에틸아세티이트 분획과 아글리콘 분획은 알부틴보다 높은 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과들로부터 생각나무 추출물은 활성산소종을 소거하는 항산화제로 여러 산업 분야에 응용 가능할 것이라 생각된다. 또한 알부틴을 대체하는 미백 기능성 소재로서 응용될 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-atopic-dermatitis effect of Angelica keiskei extract using a DNFB-induced animal model of atopic-dermatitis symptoms. A. keiskei was prepared via extraction with DW, 50% ethanol, and 100% ethanol in addition to fresh juice. All the extracts reduced the thickness levels of the ears and ear epidermis against swelling by DNFB inducement, especially in the aqueous-extract-treated group. The mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), however, were not observed, which may indicate that Angelica keiskei extract alleviates the atopic-dermatitis symptoms in an MMP-independent manner. Finally, the level of the inflammatory cytokine IL-4 was inhibited only in the juice-treated group, although the IL-13 level was inhibited in the juice-, 50%-ethanol-extract-, and 100%-ethanol-extract-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner, and was not inhibited in the aqueous-extract-treated group. Taken together, these results suggest that Angelica keiskei extract has an inhibitory effect on atopic dermatitis, and may be a useful biomaterial for the development of cosmeceuticals.

We evaluated the inhibitory effects of extracts and components of Geranium thunbergii on aldose reductase (AR) and galactitol formation in rat lenses with high levels of galactose as a part of our ongoing search of natural sources for therapeutic and preventive agents for diabetic complications. The inhibitory effects of water, methanol and ethanol extracts of G. thunbergii on rat lens AR (RLAR) were determined. Comparing inhibitory effects of various solvent extracts, ethanol extract showed RLAR inhibitory activity (IC50 values, 5.24 and 6.39μg/ml, respectively). The ethanol extract was fractionated to chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. Of these, the ethyl acetate fraction from ethanol extract of G. thunbergii exhibited RLAR inhibitory activity (IC50 value, 2.64μg/ml). In order to identify the bioactive components of ethyl acetate soluble fraction of ethanol extract from G. thunbergii, eight compounds, namely gallic acid (1), protocatechuic acid (2), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (3), brevifolin carboxylic acid (4), geraniin (5), ellagic acid (6), kaempferol-3-O-arabinofuranosyl-7-O-rhamnopyranoside (7), kaempferitrin (8) were isolated. The isolates were subjected to in vitro bioassays to evaluate their inhibitory activity on RLAR and galactitol formation in rat lenses. The ellagic tannins (5, 6) and flavonoid (7) exhibited strong inhibitory effects on RLAR. Also, these three compounds (5, 6 and 7) suppressed galactitol accumulation in rat lens under high galactose conditions, demonstrating the potential to prevent galactitol accumulation exo vivo. These results suggest that the extracts and components of G. thunbergii are a promising agent in the prevention or treatment of diabetic complications.

The present study investigated an ethanol extract of Chaenomeles sinensis fruit (CSF) for possible neuroprotective effects on neurotoxicity induced by amyloid β protein (Aβ) (25-35) in cultured rat cortical neurons and also for antidementia activity in mice. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to 10μM Aβ (25-35) for 36 h induced neuronal apoptotic death. At 0.1-10μg/ml, CSF inhibited neuronal death, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by Aβ (25-35) in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. Memory loss induced by intracerebroventricular injection of mice with 15 nmol Aβ (25-35) was inhibited by chronic treatment with CSF (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o. for 7 days) as measured by a passive avoidance test. CSF (50 mg/kg) inhibited the increase of cholinesterase activity in Aβ (25-35)-injected mice brain. From these results, we suggest that the antidementia effect of CSF is due to its neuroprotective effect against Aβ (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity and that CSF may have a therapeutic role for preventing the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

수온은 어류를 포함한 수중동물의 다양한 생물학적 사건에 영향을 미친다. 어류의 번식 및 발생도 수온의 변화와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 어류를 높은 수온에 노출시키면 HSP70 유전자 발현을 유도한다. 따라서, HSP70 유전자 발현을 효과적으로 차단할 수 있는 저해제의 개발은 온도에 민감한 생물학적 사건과 관련된 HSP70의 역할을 연구하는데 크게 기여할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 고온()에 노출된 틸라피아 자어와 치어(전장 10~13 cm)에서 천연 fla

신선초 추출물의 미백활성을 확인하고 이의 소재를 개발하기 위하여, tyrosinase 저해 활성 및 B16F10 세포주를 이용한 melanogenesis 저해능을 확인하였다. 그 결과, 신선초 50% 에탄올 추출물에서 B16F10 melanoma 세포의 멜라닌 생성을 억제하였다. Melanogenesis 억제 활성에 관련이 있는 분자마커의 확인을 위하여 RT-PCR에 의한 mRNA 발현 수준을 검토한 결과, 농도의존적으로 TYR, TYRP-1.

본 연구에서는 대황 추출물의 항산화 활성, 타이로시네이즈(tyrosinase) 저해 활성을 확인하였다. 대황의 50 % 에탄올 추출물, 에틸아세테이트(ethyl acetate) 분획, 아글리콘(aglycone) 분획으로 실험을 진행하였다. 대황 추출물들의 DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) 소거활성(FSC50)은 대표적인 항산화제인 (+)-α-tocopherol보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. Luminol 발광법을 이용한 Fe3+-EDTA/H2O2 계에서 생성된 활성산소종에 대한 아글리콘 분획의 소거활성(총 항산화능, OSC50)은 0.265 μg/mL로 매우 큰 활성을 나타내었다. 대황 추출물의 rose-bengal로 증감된 1O2에 의한 적혈구 파괴에 대한 세포보호 효과는 모든 분획에서 농도 의존적(1∼50 μg/mL)으로 증가하였으며, 특히 아글리콘 분획은 10 μg/mL 농도에서 τ50이 757.0 min으로 높은 세포 보호 활성을 나타내었다. 대황 추출물 중 아글리콘 분획의 타이로시네이즈 저해활성(IC50)은 11.20 μg/mL으로 226.88 μg/mL인 알부틴(arbutin)보다 큰 활성을 보여주었다. 이상의 결과들로부터 대황 추출물은 활성산소종을 소거하는 항산화제로 이용가능하며, 특히 아글리콘 분획의 현저한 항산화 작용 및 큰 타이로시네이즈 저해 효과로부터 이들 분획 또한 화장품원료로서 응용 가능성이 큼을 알 수 있었다.

This study investigated the changes of antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) 100% methanol extracts by various heat treatment. The contents of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds in methanol extract tended to increased gradually with the rise of temperature to 180℃. The maximum yield of gallic acid (51.52 ± 2.17mg/g extract weight) and quercetin (13.39 ± 0.03mg/g extract weight) were obtained with extraction temperature of 180℃ for 120min. In addition, the improving extraction efficiency resulted in the increased biological activities, such as electronic donation ability (EDA, 90.36± 0.57%), reducing power (Abs 1.14) and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect (92.14 ± 1.14%). Overall, the results of this study indicate that the optimum conditions for the extraction process were an extraction temperature at 180℃ for 120 min, and will provide the basis for future research on the improving extraction yield of phenolic and flavonoid compounds.

This study was carried out to investigate whether Chrysanthermum zawadskii var. latilobum Kitamura (C. zawadskii) extracts has an inhibitory effect against the mutagenicity by cigarette smoke condensates (CSC). C. zawadskii was extracted with 70% ethanol and the yield was 18.5%. We further fractioned 70% ethanol extract sequentially to diethylether, chloroform, dichloromethane, and aqueous water, and gained the yield of 17.5%, 5.6%, 5.8%, 32.8% and 35.5%, respectively. In the Ames test, there was no mutagenic effect of crude extract and its solvent fractions up to 2 mg/plate toward Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 with or without S-9 mix metabolic activations. On the contrary, the crude extract showed an inhibitory activity against the mutagenicity of CSC in the presence of S-9 mix metabolic activation. Diethyl ether layer among five solvent fractions showed the highest inhibitory activity. The inhibitory activity of diethyl ether fraction was also increased in a dose-dependent manner and the inhibitory rate was about 97.7% at the concentration of 1 mg/plate. In this study, we conclude that crude extract of C. zawadskii itself is potentially safe for mutagenicity, and the diethyl ether fraction has an inhibitory effect against the mutagenicity of CSC.

본 연구에서는 열수 팥 추출물이 hydroxyl 라디칼에 의해 유도되는 산화적 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 항산화활성과 DNA 및 세포의 산화적 손상 억제 효과를 조사하였다. 팥 열수 추출물의 DPPH 라디칼과 hydroxyl 라디칼의 제거능은 다소 낮았으나, Fe2+-chelating과 과산화수소 제거효과는 높게 나타나 활성산소의 생성을 억제하는 데 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 팥 열수 추출물의 in vitro DNA cleavage, DNA migration 및 H2AX의 인산화비 억제활성은 높은 활성을 보여주고 있어 라디칼에 의한 DNA 손상 억제에 효과적으로 작용하였다. 또한 지질과산화와 p21의 발현율을 통해 세포의 산화적 손상에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면 지질과산화 억제능과 p21의 발현율에 매우 효과적으로 작용하고 있어 라디칼에 의한 산화적 스트레스로부터 세포를 보호할 것으로 생각된다.

본 연구에서는 도라지 분말을 유기용매로 추출한 후 도라지의 추출물과 분획물들에 의한 세포 내 활성산소종 및 glutathione (GSH)를 측정하여 항산화효과를 검토하였고 NO 생성 저해 효과를 알아보았다. 세포 내 활성산소종 생성억제 실험에서 건조 도라지의 A+M 및 MeOH 추출물과 추출물을 n-hexane, 85% aq. MeOH, n-BuOH, water로 다시 추출하여 얻어진 각각의 분획물들을 농도별로 HT1080 세포에 처리하였을 때

Chlorogenic acid, formed of an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, which is naturally abundant in many plant species, was used as a model O-dihydoxy phenolic compound. In the previous study, we have reported that the isolated constituent from Apocynum venetum leaves has an inhibitory effect on Cu2+-induced oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Among them, chlorogenic acid showed the most potent anti-LDL oxidative activity than other compounds. For the reason, we investigated the inhibitory effect of the chlorogenic acid on Cu2+-induced oxidative modification of LDL, monitored a lag time in the conjugated-diene formation and TBARS formation, and measured TNBS free amino acid group, and form cell formation in vitro system. The TBARS- and diene- formation were strongly inhibited by chlorogenic acid (0~100 μg/ml) with dose dependent manner. On the other hand, TNBS reactive lysine amino groups on LDL oxidation were protected by chlorogenic acid- treated cell group. Therefore, chlorogenic acid inhibited to cholesterol accumulation in the isolated peritoneal macrophage.