This study was aimed to determine the effect of basal application of Effective Microorganisms (EM) on the grow and yield of cucumber. For treatments, the EM was applied to soil with fertilizer composed with N-P2O5-K2O-manure (24.0-16.4-23.8-2,000kg) in the 1.0 strength (defined as EM+1S), 2/3 strength (defined as EM+2/3S), 1/2 strength (defined as EM+1/2S), without fertilizer (defined as EM), or only fertilizer in the 1.0 strength (defined as 1S). In result, there was no significant differences of organic substance content and pH with the EM treatment. While the EC (Electric conductivity) concentration was decreased, plant-available P (phosphorus) was markedly increased. Chlorophyll content was highest in the treatment of EM+standard application rate for both semi-forcing and retarding culture. In contrast, no significant difference was found in plant height and internode length under the fertilizer treatment. Weekly harvested number of cucumber was highest at the treatment of EM+standard application for the semi-forcing culture, while it was 3.6 at the EM+1/2 application for the retarding culture. Weekly yield was greatest at the EM+standard application treatment and decreased with the decrease of fertilizer application rate. In addition, weekly yield was significantly reduced in the treatment of EM . There was no significant difference in yields by production time with the fertilizer applications?. Yield was increased with temperature for the semi-forcing culture, while consistent pattern was maintained for the retarding culture.

Recycling of food wastes was tried based on fermenting and composting food wastes using a microbial consortium. Manufactured compost (using 11.3% food waste) turned out to be effective in increasing soil fertility and crop growth (radish; Raphanus sativus). More specifically, the treatment of the composted food wastes enabled a stimulated growth of radish leaves by 80% and an increased uptake of δ15NAIR by 250% compared with a commercial organic compost. Moreover, the compost derived from the wastes appeared to allow a sustainable management of nitrogen fertilizer compared with the chemical fertilizer, minimizing nitrogen pollution. The microbial community analysis showed significant difference in the microbial community pattern in soil treated with the composted food wastes relative to soil treated with a commercial organic fertilizer or a chemical fertilizer. The results may indicate that the wastes processed by the consortium could result in an efficient recycling of the nuisance materials such as food wastes and other organic solid wastes.

파프리카에 발생하는 병들을 방제하기 위하여 합성농약이 광범위하게 사용되어왔지만 최근에 수많은 농약사용의 부작용에 대한 관심이 증가 하고 있다. 파프리카 주요병인 잿빛곰팡이병, 줄기 및 과실썩음병, 역병, 균핵병, 시들음병을 방제하기 위한 미생물을 분리하고 특성을 파악하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 지방산분석과 16S rDNA 염기배열은 이 연구에서 분리한 YKJ1가 Serratia marcescens 그룹에 속하는 것을 밝혔다. 특히, YKJ1의 16S rDNA 염기배열은 S. marcescens의 염기서열과 99% 상동성을 보였다. 광학현미경을 통해 YKJ1처리에 의해 병원균의 포자 발아 및 균사 생장이 저해됨을 확인 하였다. YKJ1처리는 팽윤균사와 같은 현저한 형태적 변화와 세포벽의 분해를 유발하였다. 역병균의 경우 유주자낭의 형성이 억제되었다. 본 연구에서 동정한 S. marcescens는 S. marcescens-YKJ1으로 부르고자 한다. 포장실험등과 같은 시험이 차후 더 요구되어지나 파프리카의 주요 병관리를 위한 생물적 방제제의 하나로 가치가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)는 산화환원지시약으로 미생물의 증식에 의한 산소 소비를 쉽게 확인할 수 있다. 용해 후 무색의 형태를 띠고 있으나 생리활성이 있는 조직에서는 탈수소 효소(dehydrogenases)에 의해 환원되어 빨간색의 불용성 1,3,5,-triphenylformazan (TPF)가 된다. 본 연구에서는 병원성 미생물(Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Candida albicans)에 TTC 지시약을 활용하여 미생물 성장시험에 대해 확인하였다. 시험 균주에 TTC를 첨가하여 확인한 결과, 모두 탈수소효소 반응으로 인한 TPF 형성으로 붉은색 콜로니를 관찰하였다. 이후 TTC 0.04% 이상의 농도 및 12 h 이상 배양조건으로 최적화 실험 후 균주별 CFU 값을 통해 TPF 발현능을 확인하였다. 결국 TTC가 병원성 세균 및 효모균 성장에 큰 영향을 끼치지 않으며 배양 시 세균의 경우 12 h, 효모균의 경우 48 h 이후부터 확인이 가능하였다. 이러한 결과들로부터 TTC를 활용한 미생물 성장 확인 시험법이 더 신속 정확한 방법으로 화장품 연구에 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

For the field application of dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor, a multi-plasma reactor was investigated for the inactivation of microorganisms in sewage. We also considered the possibility of degradation of non-biodegradable matter (UV254) and total organic carbon (TOC) in sewage. The multi-plasma reactor in this study was divided into high voltage neon transformers, gas supply unit and three plasma modules (consist of discharge, ground electrode and quartz dielectric tube). The experimental results showed that the inactivation of microorganisms with treated water type ranked in the following order: distilled water > synthetic sewage effluent >> real sewage effluent. The dissolved various components in the real sewage effluent highly influenced the performance of the inactivation of microorganisms. After continuous plasma treatment for 10 min at 180 V, residual microorganisms appeared below 2 log and UV254 absorbance (showing a non-biodegradable substance in water) and TOC removal rate were 27.5% and 8.5%, respectively. Therefore, when the sewage effluent is treated with plasma, it can be expected the inactivation of microorganisms and additional improvement of water quality. It was observed that the NH4 +-N and PO4 3--P concentrations of sewage was kept at the constant plasma discharging for 30 min. On the other hand, NO3 --N concentration was increased with proceeding of the plasma discharge.

본 연구에서는 생물학적 정화기술의 효율향상을 목적으로 유류분해 유용미생물에 의한 TPH 농도 저감효과를 알아보았다. 하절기와 동절기 각 13주간 실제 정화현장의 각 섹터별 유류오염토양에 유용미생물들을 수분, 영양염류 등과 함께 투입하여 주 2회 정기적으로 뒤집기를 실시하였다. 하절기의 경우 유용미생물을 투입한 조건의 경우 평균 60%의 TPH 제거율을 보인 반면에 유용미생물을 투입하지 않은 대조군의 경우 평균 41%의 TPH 제거율을 나타내었다. 동절기의 경우에 유용미생물을 투입한 조건의 경우 평균 41%의 TPH 제거율을 보인 반면에 유용미생물을 투입하지 않은 대조군의 경우 평균 13%의 낮은 TPH 제거율을 나타내었다.결론적으로 하절기와 동절기 모두 유용미생물을 투입하여 TPH의 제거효율의 향상 효과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 하절기에 비하여 동절기의 TPH 제거효과가 낮은 이유는 초기 높은 오염농도와 상대적으로 낮은 기온의 영향인 것으로 판단된다.

To treat chromaticity contained in effluents of dyeing wastewater efficiently, potent dye-degrading microorganisms were isolated from influent water, aeration- tank sludge, recycle water and settling-tank sludge located in leather and dyeing treatment plant. Six potent strains were finally isolated and identified as Comamonas testosteroni, Methylobacteriaceae bacterium, Stenotrophomonas sp., Kluyveromyces fragilis, Ascomycetes sp. and Basidiomycetes sp. When Basidiomycetes sp. was inoculated into ME medium containing basal mixed-dyes, 93% of color was removed after 8 days incubation. In the same experiment, the 1:1 mixed culture of Basidiomycetes sp. and photosynthetic bacterium exhibited 88% of color removal; however, it showed better color removal for single-color dyes. The aeration-tank and settling-tank samples revealed higher color removal (95-96%) for black dyes. The settling-tank sample also revealed higher color removal on basal mixed-dyes, which resulted in 90% color removal after 6-h incubation. From the above results, it is expected to achieve a higher color removal using the mixed microorganisms that were isolated from aeration-tank and settling-tank samples.

본 연구에서는 유용미생물로 알려진 광합성세균(Photosynthetic bacterium), 바실러스균(Bacillus subtilis), 유산균(Lactobacillus plantarum)을 분화용 시클라멘(Cyclamen persicum Mill. ‘Rose with Eye’)에 2주 간격으로 7회 관주 처리하여 생육 및 화색에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같았다. 생육에서는 유용미생물 처리구는 고온피해를 적게 받거나 빠르게 회복하였으며 꽃수 또한 유용미생물 처리구에서 높았다. 시클라멘의 화색도 무처리구에 비해 유용미생물 처리구의 화색이 더욱 선명한 것을 볼 수 있었다. 배양토 화학적 특성 분석 시 미생물 처리구가 무처리구와 다른 결과를 보이는 것으로 P2O5, K, Ca, Mg, Na, NO3-N 등이 시클라멘 흡수 시 미생물제 관주처리가 영향을 준 것으로 판단되었다. 그러나 미생물의 종류별로 다소 다른 차이를 보였으며 농도 처리구에 따라 식물체 부위별 효과가 달라 적합한 미생물 종류와 농도를 찾는 실험이 계속되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 여러 방법으로 다양한 화훼류에도 접목할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Contents of ginsenosides 7 subordinations of two-year ginseng (fresh ginseng) is 1.27% and three-year ginseng is 2.09%, so the three-year ginseng root increased 64.9% compared to the two-year root. Compared with the comparison group, ginsenosides component content of KEM+SAF-applied group increased 24% in case of the two-year root and 20% in case of the three-year root. In vitamin C content, two-year root showed 59.4% higher and three-year root showed 37.7% higher in KEM+SAF applied group compared with the comparison group. In case of vitamin E, the two-year root indicated 5.6% higher and three-year root indicated 1.5% higher in KEM+SAF applied group compared with the comparison group, but there is no significant difference. In phytosterol three components (campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol), two-year root showed 25.3, 3.6, 14.1% higher for each, and three-year root showed 23.6, 6.8, 12.9% higher in KEM+SAF applied group and 14.4% was higher on average. In DPPH, two-year root indicated 34.4% higher and three-year root indicated 42.4% higher in KEM+SAF applied group compared to the comparison group. To sum up the results, KEM+SAF applied group showed ①22% ginsenosides components content, ②48.6% vitamin C content, ③3.6% vitamin E content, ④14.4% phytosterol content, ⑤38.4% DPPH higher averagely compared to the comparison group.

The effect of the variation of aeration time on the microorganisms was investigated in sequencing batch reactor (SBRs). The cycling time in four SBRs was adjusted to 12 hours and then included different aerobic times as 1 hr, 2.5 hr, 4 hr and 5.5 hr, respectively. Four SBR systems have been operated and investigated for over 40 days. As the increase of aeration time, the consumption of glycogen within sludge at the 1st non-aeration time a little bit was increased and the production of glycogen at the aeration time was increased. Also, the produced PHB amounts and PHB production rate at the 1st non-aeration time were increased as the decrease of aeration time, which showed the activation of the phosphorus removal. The ratios of nitrifying microorganisms' number and GAOs to the total microorganisms' number in SBRs was decreased as the decrease of the aeration time, however, the PAOs ratio was almost constant irrespective of the variation of aeration time.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of KEM and SAF appication on contents change of fatty acids and organic acid of perilla(Perilla Frutescens Britton). Contenst of squalene in perilla leaves on control and KEM/SAF treated were 3.39 mg and 4.22 mg, respectively. Therefore the squalene quantity of KEM/SAF treated leaves was 24.2% more than that of control. A total 6 fatty acids in perilla leaves were analyzed in this study. Percentage of the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid in perilla leaves were 20 and 80%, respectively. Contents of phytosterols in perilla leaf such as campesterol and sitosterol were 2.0 and 20.0 mg, respectively. Therefore sitosterol content was 10 fold more than that of campesterol. The KEM/SAF application on perilla leaf was effective on the change of squalene or phytosterol contents. However effect of that was negligible on the change of fatty acid content.

This study was carried out to compare and analyze the effect of Korean effective microorganism(KEM) and seafood amino acid fertilizer(SAF) application on apple on functional substances of fruit. Vitamin C in fruit of control and KEM/SAF treated were 29.3 and, 39.8 ㎎, respectively. Also active oxygen scavenging ability of those treatments measured with DPPH method were 40.6 and 54.1%, respectively. Vitamin E contents of those treatments were 2.51 and 2.50 ㎎, respectively. Sitosterol, a phytosterol, contents of those treatments were 4.79 and 5.41 ㎎, respectively. Proportion of sugars, fructose, glucose, and sucrose in the fruit of control were 36.1, 15.3 and 17.8%, respectively. Those of the fruit of KEM/SAF treated were 45.9, 13.2 and 18.8%, respectively. Malic acid contents of control and KEM/SAF treated fruits were 53.7 and 43.8%, respectively.

한국산 작약(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) 뿌리를 사용하여 작약추출물(PLE)을 조제 후, 변패미생물에 대한 작약추출물의 항균력을 측정하였다. Paper disk 확산법에 의한 농도별 항균력 검사에서는 작약추출물이 농도에 비례하는 항균력을 나타내었다. 생육저해곡선의 측정에서는 50 /mL이상에서 미생물의 생육이 완전히 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. 열(에서 45분처리) 및 pH(3~11)의 넓은 범위에도 항균력을 보여, 열 및 pH에

본 연구에서는 계육 창상부위의 원인이 되는 세균을 동정하였다. 계육의 등과 다리 창상 부위로부터 무작위 선별법을 통해 총 10주의 균주를 분리하였다. 순수 분리 배양된 균주의 세포막 지방산 조성 분석 결과, 5 균주가 높은 유효성을 지녔으며, Shigella sonnei, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli로 동정되었다. 또한 16S rRNA sequence를 실시한 결과, 동정된 균주는 Shigella sonnei(

Trickling filter has been extensively studied for the domestic wastewater treatment especially for the small scale plants in rural area. The performance of the trickling filter depends on the microbial community and their activity in the biofilms on the media. Nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal of the trickling filter from the wastewater depend on the activity and the amount of the specific microorganisms responsible for the metabolism. For the estimation of the performance of a trickling filter, batch nitrification experiment and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were carried out to measure the microbial activity and its distribution on the media of the trickling filter. Batch nitrification activity measurement showed that the top part of the 1st stage trickling filter had the highest nitrification activity and the maximum activity was 0.002 g NH4-N/g MLVSS․h. It is thought that higher substrate (ammonia) concentration yields more nitrifying bacteria in the biofilms. The dominant ammonia oxidizer and nitrite oxidizer in the biofilm were Nitrosomonas species and genus Nitrospira, respectively, by FISH analysis. Less denitrifiers were found than nitrifiers in the biofilm by the probe Rrp1088 which specifically binds to Rhodobacter, Rhodovulum, Roseobacter, and Paracoccus. Phosphorus accumulating bacteria were mostly found at the surface of the biofilm by probe Rc988 and PAO651 which specifically binds to Rhodocyclus group and their biomass was less than that of nitrifiers.

녹차는 생리활성의 촉진작용뿐아니라 항암, 항산화, 고혈압 억제효과, 체중조절 등 다방면의 약리효과를 보이는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 아울러, 녹차의 항균 및 항진균 작용에 관한 연구결과도 발표되고 있으나, 항균작용 기작에 접근한 기초 연구는 별로 많지 않다. 본 연구는 식품변패미생물에 대한 녹차추출물의 항균작용을 구명하는 기초자료를 획득하는데 그 목적이 있다. 녹차추출물의 항균력을 조사한 결과, 이상의 농도에서 뚜렷한 항균활성을 보였고, 광역의

수산 가공 부산물인 자숙액을 식품 및 공중보건 소재로 이용하기 위해 자숙액의 위생화를 위한 감마선 조사기술의 이용가능성을 검토하였다. 톳, 참치 및 굴 자숙액을 시료로 하여 1-5 kGy의 감마선을 조사하여 미생물 생존율을 측정하였고 생존미생물을 동정하였다. 굴 자숙액에서는 호기성 미생물이 검출되지 않았으나, 톳 및 참치 자숙액에서는 약 6.4 및 3.1 log CFU/g의 호기성 미생물이 검출되었고, 저장기간이 증가함에 따른 미생물 수에는 유의