국내·외적으로 침입종의 문제가 대두되고 있다. 완전 기생성 외래종인 미국실새삼(Cuscuta pentagona Egelm)은 토착종에 비하여 그 분포범위와 개체군의 크기가 크게 확산되고 있으며, 농작물 등에 피해를 주는 종이다. 따라서 본 연구는 미국실새삼의 기주식물을 제시함으로써, 미국실새삼의 기주 특이성에 대한 정보를 제공하고 확산 저감을 위한 관리 계획 수립에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 금강수계 86개 지점과 공주대학교 교내 야외 온실에 있는 미국실새삼의 기주식물을 조사하였다. 또한 미국실새삼이 나타난 지점에서의 출현식물을 조사하여 각 과별 미국실새삼에 기생하는 비율을 조사하였다. 조사기간은 미국실새삼의 발아기인 5월과 개화기인 10월을 기준으로 2015년 5월부터 2016년 10월까지 2년간 조사가 진행되었다. 금강수계와 교내에서 출현한 식물은 91과 245속 385종이였으며 이 중 미국실새삼의 기주식물은 39과 88속 107종으로 27.8%의 기생비율이 조사되었다. 조사지점에서 출현한 전체 식물 종수가 10종 이상인 과 중에 미국실새삼의 기생비율이 가장 높은 과는 마디풀과로 나타났다. 조사지점에서 총 15종의 마디풀과가 출현하였으며 이 중 미국실새삼이 기생한 종은 8종으로 53.33%의 선호도를 보였으며 콩과 48.39%, 국화과 39.53%, 꿀풀과 36.36%, 사초과 27.27%, 벼과 20.75%, 장미과 17.65%의 순으로 조사되었다. 조사된 기주식물을 과별로 정리해보면 국화과(17.14%), 콩과 (13.86%), 마디풀과(5.71%), 벼과(5.71%), 기타(57.58%)의 순서로 미국실새삼은 국화과에 가장 많이 기생한 것으로 확인되었다. 하지만 출현한 식물에 비해 가장 많이 기생한 과가 마디풀과인 것을 보았을 때 미국실새삼은 국화과 보다는 마디풀과를 더 선호하는 것으로 보인다. 기생부위를 줄기와 잎으로 나누어 조사하였을 때 미국실새삼은 국화과와 벼과 식물보다 콩과의 줄기에 적게 감았으며 반대로 잎은 콩과에 많이 감은 것을 확인하였다. 미국실새삼이 4과 4속 4종의 멸종위기식물에도 기생하는 것을 확인하였다. 미국실새삼은 숙주에 기생하여 기주식물의 사망률을 높이고, 활력도를 떨어트려 가해곤충이 많이 발생하도록 유도하는 간접적인 영향도 관찰되었다. 농작물의 피해를 확인하였던 미국실새삼이 멸종위기식물에게도 피해를 줄 수 있는 것으로 보인다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction with school meal service and the food preference in elementary school students who are in their growth period. A total of 484 students (242 boys) participated and completed a questionnaire survey. The results indicated that the merit of school meals was the highest in ‘balanced diet’. 'Food hygiene' and 'delicious food' were the most important factors in school meals. Most of the students wanted ‘balance between eastern and western foods’ and ‘new dishes’ for the menu of school meals. For the distribution of meals, ‘various kinds of side dishes’ and ‘warmth of dishes’ were mainly required. The main problems of the current environment of school meals were ‘long waiting time’ and ‘noise of the cafeteria’. In satisfaction with the school meal service, the highest satisfactory factor was 'staffs’ cleanliness', following 'arrangement of furniture in cafeteria' and 'nutrition information-providing'; whereas, the lowest factor was 'staffs’ kindness'. In the preference of foods, students preferred ‘white rice’; whereas they did not like ‘bean rice’; and ‘fried rice' was preferred. In side dishes with meat and fish, most of the meats including ‘Tangsuyuk’ and ‘Bulgogi’ were preferred. For fish, ‘fried hairtail’ was preferred; whereas, ‘fried Spanish mackerel’ was not. In case of kimchi, ‘Chinese cabbage kimchi’ and ‘cubed radish kimchi’ were especially preferred. Considering these results, intensive improvement is required to increase school meal satisfaction by understanding the students' needs. An effort to allow the students’ preferences to be reflected in the menu is also needed

This study developed a vegetable preference increase program that can be applied at the Center for Children's Foodservice Management (CCFM) for children in child-care facilities and kindergarten and the training performance was evaluated by 192 5-year old children. Teachers considered ‘disliked food’ (3.23±0.85/out of 5) as the most serious nutritional problem and typical disliked food was ‘vegetables’ (54.2%). Based on this finding, to increase the preference for vegetables, a fivephase education program was developed. In this program, each phase was composed of activities to increase children's interest in vegetables by using each sense out of the five senses. Center dieticians had visited and conducted the program in 12 facilities. By using an illustration assessment tool, the training performance was evaluated by comparing the children's knowledge level and their preference changes in vegetables. Consequently, as examined by 10 questions on the knowledge of vegetables, trained children's (in total 192) knowledge of vegetables had considerably increased (p<0.01, p<0.001), and their preference for 15 out of the 16 vegetables, except for carrots, also showed a considerable preference increase after the training (p<0.01, p<0.001). Therefore, this program is considered to have contributed to reducing disliked vegetable eating behaviors.

Development of elderly foods that improve health among the older population is needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preference of specific foods for development as elderly foods. A one-to-one survey method was used for data collection from 150 elderly people attending senior welfare centers. The results of the study showed that the preferred cooking materials were vegetables, meats and fishes; and preferred cooking method was soup and stew rather than deep-frying. The elderly preferred meats and seafood but they did not eat them frequently. The results of investigating the preference of specific foods including meats, Kimchi, nuts and rice cakes indicated that old people liked broiled meats, Chinese cabbage Kimchi, walnuts and nonglutinous rice cakes the most, and they did not feel comfortable with chewing the foods. Most respondents were not familiar with the elderly foods. Moreover, the most important factors affecting their choice of elderly foods were hygiene, nutrition and flavor

1998년에 국내 주식시장이 전면 개방됨에 따라, 외국인자본이 국내 주식시장에 거대한 투자주체로 등 장하게 되었다. 일반적으로 외국인투자자는 정보비대칭으로 말미암아 국내 주식시장에 대한 투자에 있어 서 열위를 가질 수 있는 동시에, 반대로, 선진화된 분석기법과 투자기법으로 투자수익에 있어서 우위를 보일 수 있다고 연구되고 있다. 본 연구는 국내 주식시장이 전면 개방된 초기의 시점에서 외국인투자자들 은 어떤 투자행태를 보였고, 그들이 보인 투자행태가 국내 기관투자자 및 개인투자자들의 투자행태와 차이점을 보이는지에 대해 고찰하고 있다. 또한, 투자성과에 있어서 우위를 보인다고 연구된 외국인투자자 들의 투자행태를 국내 기관투자자들이 추종했을 것인지에 대해 탐색적 접근을 시도하였다. 이를 위해 주식시장 전면개방의 초기단계로서 1999년의 자료와 일정시간이 흐른 단계로서 2003년의 자료를 통해 투자주체별로 각각 실증하였다. 실증결과에 따르면, 1999년 외국인투자자는 자산규모, 평균 주가와 정(+)의 관계를 나타냈다. 기관투자자는 기업규모, 총자본순이익률과 정(+)의 관계를 보였고, 주당 순이익과는 부(-)의 관계를 보였다. 개인투자자의 경우, 주당순이익과 정(+)의 관계, 기업규모와 총자산순 이익률 및 평균주가와 부(-)의 관계를 보였다. 예상한 바와 같이, 전면개방 초기단계에서 외국인투자자와 기관투자자, 개인투자자는 선호하는 주식의 특성에 있어서 차이점을 드러내었다. 2003년 외국인투자자는 기업규모와 부채비율 및 PBR값과 정(+)의 관계를 나타내었다. 기관투자자의 경우, 기업규모, 평균주가, 배당률, PBR값, 수출비중과 정(+)의 관계, 부채비율, 주당순이익, PER값과는 부(-)의 관계를 보였다. 개인투자자는 기업규모와 PBR값과 부(-)의 관계를 확인하였다. 이를 통해, 일정 시간이 흐른 단계에서 기관투자자가 외국인투자자의 투자행태를 추종하였다고 판단하기는 어려웠고, 따 라서, 개인투자자와 달리 기관투자자들은 외국인투자자의 투자행태를 추종할 것이라 기대한 가설은 지지 되지 않았다.

The development of resistant seeds to manage this pest is a big challenge for breeders. We investigated the oviposition preference and development of C. chinensis on two susceptible mungbean cultivars (Seonwha and Gyeongseon) and one previously reported resistant cultivar Jangan, compared to the susceptible cowpea, Yeonbun, by offering a multiple choice test and a no-choice test. Additional, insect stage wise development of C. chinensis was also examined at four temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35℃). The both choice tests results showed that the cowpea is the most suitable seed host for oviposition. Total developmental time from egg to adult stage ranged from 27.01 to 38.2 days, and developmental time was shortest on the cowpea and longest on Jangan mungbean. However, no successful development of C. chinensis on Jangan mungbean occurred at all constant temperatures. Higher rate of adult emergence and longer adult longevity were found on cowpea and mungbean except Jangan mungbean. Results suggest, higher performance of C. chinensis on cowpea and mungbean might be governed by physical as well as chemical attributes of the seeds. Thus, Jangan mungbean could be stand as a resistant one against bruchids and it could be a resistant sources for successful breeding.

It is not uncommon in the nature for insects to have symbiotic relationships with microorganisms. The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, which harbors symbiont Burkholderia sp., is a serious agricultural pest in South Korea and Japan. It is reported that the symbiont has positive effects on the fitness of R. pedestris. However, virtually no information is available for how this insect finds the symbiont in the nature and how the behavior of R. pedestris is affected by the symbiont. To investigate the symbiont acquisition mechanism, the frequencies of R. pedestris approaching to symbiont or untreated control treatment were compared in a plastic cage (465×290×260mm) (n=20). In the experiment, there was no detectable difference between the two treatments. Further study using video tracking systems will help us to better understand detailed behaviors for symbiont acquisition.

The objective of this study is to explore the preference differences of experience programs in rural areas according to socio-demographic characteristics. For this purpose, data were collected from a total of 481 adults visited in rural social enterprises in 2015, using self-administered questionnaire survey. Twenty-six items for evaluating the preference of experience program were measured using 5 score Likert scale and were extracted to 6 factors such as physical, ecological, historical culture, recreational and healing, watching show, and rural life experience. The results were as follows: first, visitors preferred the ecological experience the most and in order of recreational and healing, rural life, physical activity, historical culture, and watching show. Secondly, physical activity were preferred by young people, the unmarried, and student. Ecological, historical culture, recreational and healing, rural life experience were preferred by higher income earner or highly educated. Based on these results, implications for developing customized consumer’s experience program for rural social enterprises will be suggested.

본 연구는 미술작품의 선호가 개인의 성격요인과 관련되는지 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 특정 시대를 대표하는 미술사조에 대한 선호와 성격요인과의 상관에 관한 연구들이 보고되어 왔으나, 감상자에게 예술작품은 사조보다는 그림 자체가 주는 인상과 느낌이 더 중요하게 다가온다. 본 연구에서는 긍정 정서, 부정 정서를 일으키는 그림과 특정 정서를 유발하지 않는 중립적인 그림이 성격요인과 어떤 관계를 가지는지 알아보고자 하였다. 또한 자극의 친숙성 이 그림 선호에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 참가자는 성격 5요인 질문지에 응답한 후, 제시되는 그림을 보고 그 그림을 얼마나 선호하는지 평정하였다. 선호 평정이 끝난 후, 앞서 제시된 자극들을 다시 보고 그 그림을 알고 있었는지를 평정하였다. 결과, 성격 5요인 중 신경증 점수가 높을수록 부정적 정서를 유발하는 그림을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 슬픔, 고통과 같은 부정적 정서를 유발하는 예술에 대한 선호라는 설명하기 어려운 현상에 대해, 신경증이라는 성격요인으로의 설명가능성을 시사한다. 또한 각 정서표현 그림의 친숙점수와 선호점수 간 정적 상관이 나타나 친숙한 그림이 더 선호될 것이라는 가설이 지지되었다. 예술작품에 대한 선호에 대해서는 개인마다 다르다는 주관성과 일반적 으로 널리 받아들여지는 미의 객관성이 모두 존재한다. 본 연구는 예술 선호가 갖는 주관성을 성격이라는 개인차를 통해 설명하고, 기존 연구의 사조적 분류방식에서 탈피하여 예술작품을 심리학적 관점에서 연구하였다는 점에서 의미 가 있다.

The purpose of this research paper is to segment seafood market and find the factor and process that divide the segment market. Cluster analysis and in-depth interview was performed to identify meaningful segment market. The result of the research found three segment market such as seafood integration familiarity group, domestic seafood familiarity group, seafood unfamiliarity group. Seafood integration familiarity group is active consumer that consume both domestic and imported seafood at home. This group have high preference and familiarity about seafood. Seafood familiarity group purchase imported seafood for the reason that imported seafood is cheaper than domestic seafood and have similar quality level. Domestic seafood familiarity group consume mostly domestic seafood and not purchase imported seafood for the reason that imported seafood have low quality and safety. This group have high preference and familiarity about seafood. Seafood unfamiliarity group is low preference group about seafood and seldom eat at home. This study found that the main factor that divide segment market is seafood familiarity that formed by experiencing seafood in youth and seafood familiarity is main factor that determine consumption degree of seafood at home.

The purpose of this study was to survey the perception and preference for Korean food among Chinese students residing in Korea (Chinese foreign students, N=69) and China (Chinese-locals, N=98). A total of 76.8% of Chinese foreign students and 70.4% of Chinese-locals had ever eaten Korean food in China before visiting Korea, and motivation to try Korean food at first was ‘easy access to Korean food restaurants’ (Chinese foreign students 38.6%, Chinese-locals 44.9%). The most important factors in selecting Korean food were ‘taste’ and ‘price’ (Chinese foreign students 72.7% and 18.2%, Chineselocals 59.1% and 22.7%, respectively), and needed improvements for Korean food were ‘spicy and salty taste’ and ‘nutritional aspect’ (Chinese foreign students 54.5% and 25.8%, Chinese-locals 33.3% and 36.4%, p<0.05). The scores for perception of Korean food were significantly lower in Chinese-locals (2.99) than in Chinese foreign students (3.31)(p<0.001). Chinese foreign students preferred Bulgogi (20.5%), Neobiani (20.1%), and Galbijjim (17.9%), whereas Chinese-locals preferred Bulgogi (16.1%), Gimbap (16.1%), and Samgyetang (15.2%) (p<0.001). The most preferred condiment was ‘Garlic’ (18.0%) in Chinese foreign students, and ‘Red pepper powder’ (16.4%) in Chinese-locals. The results of the study can be used as a foundation to prepare a globalization strategy for Korean Food.

We study the differential effects of a variety of WOM and mass communication activities on the means and on the variances of individual preference parameters. Analyzing the effects of communication on the means of individual preference parameters provides useful information regarding how much WOM and mass communication activities increase or decrease consumers’ preference parameters. Such a study helps us better understand how communication activities influence consumer heterogeneity. This raises a new question: “Do WOM and mass communication activities make consumers homogeneous or heterogeneous in terms of their product preferences?” This important question has not been previously addressed in the marketing literature. We propose a two-level choice model using a hierarchical Bayesian probit to incorporate the differential effects of mass and WOM communication activities, and the proper interaction between communication activities and product attributes. Using actual movie choice data, we analyze the effects of WOM communication activities compared to those of mass communication activities. Furthermore, we measure the differential effects of communication activities and the interaction effects between communication and product attributes. Based on the empirical analysis, we provide relevant managerial guidelines about communication activities.

The purpose of this study was to analyze physiological reactions and visual preferences for lawn and flowerbed preferred by mental patients, and green space which is highly related with healing effects. Subjects were 25 mild cases of schizophrenia, who on the recommendation of their doctor, resided in psychiatric hospitals located in Jeollabuk-do, Korea. The survey was carried out in August 2010. The subjects were shown computer graphic simulations by a beam projector, and then brain wave and preferences were measured. In regards to physiological responses, the separate arrangement of tree cluster promoted a sense of stability and vitality, simultaneously. In the aspect of visual preferences, just one mass was preferred. The natural landscape planting pattern was visually preferred. There was a difference in preferences for the planting proportion of evergreen and deciduous trees in the leaf-fall and leaf-color seasons, but when both of them are taken into consideration, it is advisable that 75% of trees planted be occupied by evergreens to encourage emotional stability. The higher the ratio of tree to a lawn, the higher the visual preference. The ratio of 1:1 or 1:0.5 between a lawn and trees is advisable if the physiological effect is considered, but creating a lawn alone should be avoided. With regard to color preferences for the flower bed, orange was visually preferred. Pink was desirable to create a sense of emotional stability, and red to physiologically revitalize the subjects.

스트레스 수준에 따라 산림치유 프로그램의 선호도에 차이가 있는지를 살펴 보았다. 편의표본추출(convenience sampling)방법을 이용하여 성인 남·여를 대상으로 산림치유 프로그램 선호도와 사회․심리적 스트레스 척도에 관한 설문을 실시하였다. 사회․심리적 스트레스 척도(PWI-SF: Psycho·social Well-being Index Short Form)를 근거로 성인 620명을 건강군, 잠재적 스트레스군, 고위험군으로 분류하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 사용하였다. 스트레 스 수준에 따른 세 군 사이의 산림치유 프로그램 선호도 차이를 알아보기 위해 일원 분산분석(one-way ANOVA)을 이용하였다. 스트레스 수준에 따라 산림치유 프로그램 선호도(호흡법·호흡체조, 자유롭게 숲속걷기, 물 흐르는 소리 듣기, 카운슬링·상담 등 전문가 코칭, 스트레스 관련 강의, 대인관계 커뮤니케이션 강의, 경관보기, 숲 해설 듣기, 삼림욕·풍욕·일광욕)에 있어서 차이가 있었다. 고위험 스트레스군은 카운슬링·상담 등 전문가 코칭, 스트레스 관련 강의, 대인관계 커뮤니케이션 강의 등의 인지적인 접근의 프로그램을, 건강군은 호흡법·호흡체조, 자유롭게 숲속걷기 (신발착용), 물 흐르는 소리 듣기, 경관보기, 삼림욕·풍욕·일광욕 등의 오감을 활용하는 감성적인 접근의 프로그램을 각각 상대적으로 높게 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 잠재적 스트레스군에 있어서는 두드러진 선호도가 발견되지 않았다. 본 연구 결과가 스트레스 정도에 따른 산림치유 프로그램을 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

The fashion product image preference changes depending on one’s lifestyle and personal inclination. Women want to show the fashion product image preference, often through their clothing and makeup choices. Brand image includes those elements related to the brand. Advertising is the primary method for introducing brands. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fashion product image preference on emphasis of brand image and advertising factor evaluation targeting working women in their 20s and 30s. The fashion product image preference was s sophisticated image. Preference for a sophisticated image has a significant effect on emphasis of brand image when selecting fashion products. Emphasis of brand image has a notable effect on the brand direct advertising factor evaluation. Fashion product image preference has a significant effect on both brand’s direct and indirect advertising factor evaluation. When selecting a fashion product (clothing and cosmetics), brand image importance was found to have a positive effect on a brand’s direct advertising factor evaluation. Therefore, fashion companies should take advantage of their brand logo. Companies should also pay attention to clothing and product containers used in advertising to show the brand. In addition, every company should create an advertising image that represents their overall brand, by using a combination of detailed advertising factor evaluation.

2010년 아르헨티나 육류회의에서, 유엔 식량농업기구는 2050년 쇠고기를 먹는 것 은 사치일 것이며, 인구증가에 따른 경작지 감소와 광우병, 구제역, 조류인플루엔자 등으로 인해 육류는 안정성을 위협받게 되어 비용, 영양, 환경문제, 기타 질병 등을 고려 할 때 미래의 식량후보는 곤충이라고 발표했다. 우리나라도 이에 대비해야 할 것이라 판단하였고, 그를 위해 미래 주요 생산자이자 소비자가 될 대학생을 대상으로 식용곤충에 대한 인식조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사는 온라인 200명과 오프라인 582명에게 실시하여 표본집단의 크기를 충분히 크게 하였다. 또한 식용곤충 시장을 점유하고 있는 ‘P사’에서도 인터뷰를 실시해 시장 현황에 대한 내용을 참고하였다. 우리나라에서는 곤충을 주요 식량으로 이용하지 않는 만큼, 해당 설문조사에서는 대학생들이 식용 곤충에 대해 부정적인 인식을 가지고 있다는 결과가 나왔다. 식용곤충의 영양학적 가치 및 실용적인 측면을 알리고 곤충의 형태가 보이지 않는 가공 식품으로 제조하는 등의 방향을 제시하면 미래 식량자원으로 기여할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

본 연구는 사무직 종사자들의 직무스트레스 완화를 위 하여 원예식물 및 활동에 관한 사전 선호도와 직무스트 레스의 연관성을 분석하고자 실시하였다. 원예 활동 경 험과 관련된 사전 선호도 조사에서 원예식물 중 많이 키 워본 식물 및 선호하는 원예식물은 화훼, 채소, 과수 순 으로 조사되었으며 경험해 본 원예활동은 감상하기가 가장 높게 나타났다. 선호하는 원예활동은 키우기, 이용하 기, 감상하기 순으로 조사되었다. 또한, 원예활동 경험에 따른 직무스트레스 측정 결과 식물 가꾸기를 선호하는 사 람의 직무 스트레스가 낮게 나타나는 것으로 조사되었으 며, 채소류에 비해 화훼류를 선호하는 사람이 직무자율 성 결여에 대한 스트레스에서 유의한 차이로 높게 나타 났다. 직무불안정 및 관계갈등 대한 직무스트레스는 식 물이 비교적 유용하다고 응답한 집단의 점수가 낮았다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 원예활동 프로그램이 직장 내 대 인관계 향상 및 직무스트레스 관리에 적용 가능한 활동 으로 개발할 필요성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

In this study, we compared diet related attributes such as food taste preference, food consumption frequency and nutrition intake between elderly residents in their 80’s of areas in Jeollanam-do that are well known for longevity and those of a part of Seoul. Structured in-depth interviews were conducted by trained interviewers on 125 consented subjects (67 Jeonnam and 58 Seoul). Differences of groups were tested using Chi-square tests for nominal or ordinal data and t-tests and ANOVA tests for ratio data. The elderly from Jeonnam tended to sleep longer, express emotion more freely, and interact with others more often than those from Seoul. The elderly tended to prefer sweet or salty tastes, which might be highly related to serious health problems. The most frequently consumed foods were napa cabbage kimchi (2.19 times/day) and multigrain rice (1.99 times/day). Elderly from Jeonnam tended to consume garlic, milk, beans and roasted barley/corn teas less often; whereas, they consumed porridge, dried radish greens, potato, fermented fish, dried fish, pork rib, pork belly, soybean paste soup, soybean paste/Ssamjang, other kimchis, pickled vegetables, snacks, cookies, and green/black teas more often than elderly residents from Seoul. Differences in nutrition intake between the regions were greater than differences between the perceived levels of household economic status. NAR and INQ for folate were lower among elderly from Jeonnam than those from Seoul, while those for protein, vitamin C, niacin, vitamin B6 were higher. The study results indicated that elderly from Jeonnam engaged in a more diverse diet than the elderly from Seoul.

To investigate the preference of food of the elderly for developing processed elderly food, this study was conducted from February 2014 to March 2014 by questionnaire including dietary behaviors, food preference, and frequency of food intake to 119 elderly (49 males and 70 female) who were more than 65 years old and living in Jeonju. Most subjects ate three meals regularly and most of the subjects’ favorite meal time was lunch. The duration time of one meal was 20 min (48.74%). The most preferred taste was delicate and sweet. The subject preferred cooked rice with multi-grains, kalguksu (hot noodle), and abalone porridge to other staple foods. Almost 50% of the subjects liked soybean paste soup and stew, and the ratio of elderly who liked Chinese cabbage kimchi was 72.3%. Preference for panfried foods leaned toward pan fried fish fillet and mung bean pancake. Most subjects preferred plant foods like vegetables, lettuce, and seaweeds. The elderly in Jeonju liked roasted pork, grilled yellow croaker, and stir-fried octopus. Cooked and seasoned vegetables (namul) were the most preferred type by the elderly. Preferences for dishes and food materials were not affected by sex and ages. Most subjects preferred eating out with Korean food. Preference for eating food was selected in grilled beef ribs, a pork cutlet, sushi·broiled eels, and Chinese noodles. Western Japanese and Chinese food were preferred by an elderly subject, who was male and who liked Japanese food more than female.

The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in nutritional knowledge and food preferences according to foodrelated lifestyle among 400 married women. Using the K-average clustering method, food-related lifestyles of subjects were categorized into three clusters: rational and diversity-oriented group, convenience-oriented group, and health-oriented group. The nutritional knowledge level and food preferences among three clusters were compared to each other using ANOVA test. The findings were summarized as follows: For the nutritional knowledge level, health-oriented group showed the highest mean score, whereas the lowest score was detected in the convenience-oriented group. The convenienceoriented group showed higher preferences for fish, meat, eggs, fruits, milk/dairy products, seaweed, grains, etc. among natural food than the other groups. Meanwhile, the rational and diversity-oriented group preferred legumes, and green vegetables, whereas the health-oriented group showed preferences for other vegetables. However, the convenience-oriented group reported more preferences for breads, noodles, pancakes, fried/stir-fried food, and processed food such as sausage, ham, and fast food, This study found that nutritional knowledge level and food preferences were significantly different according to food-related lifestyles of married women living in Seoul and Gyonggie areas. Thus, it is suggested that nutritional education targeting married women needs to be carefully designed by considering their food-related lifestyle.