기존의 L. monocytogenes 증균배지를 개량함으로써 증균배지를 개발하여 L. monocytogenes의 증균 효율을 높이며, DNA 추출에 사용되는 용해버퍼 및 용해조건을 개발함으로써 식육 및 식육가공품에서 L. monocytogenes를 효 율적이고 신속하게 검출하고자 하였다. 식품공전에 등재 되어 있는 L. monocytogenes 증균배지의 증균 효율을 비 교하였으며, Listeria Enrichment Broth (LEB)가 가장 우수한 증균 효율을 보였다. LEB에 탄소원, 질소원, 미네랄 등 다양한 성분을 첨가하여 증균배지를 개발하였으며, 그 결과 LEB에 0.1% pyruvate, 0.1% ferric citrate를 첨가한 개발 증균배지에서 L. monocytogenes가 가장 빠르게 증균되었다. L. monocytogenes의 DNA를 신속하고 효율적으로 추출하기 위해 용해버퍼와 용해조건을 개발하였으며, 그 결과 0.5% 또는 1% N-lauroylsarcosine sodium salt에 0.5 N NaOH와 0.5 M EDTA가 혼합된 용해버퍼를 이용하여 실온에서 30분 간 L. monocytogenes 세포를 용해시키는 것 이 DNA의 순도와 수율, 신규성과 경제적 측면에서 가장 우수한 것으로 확인되었다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 개발 된 증균배지 및 DNA 추출법을 활용한다면 식육 및 식육 가공품에서 L. monocytogenes를 보다 신속하게 검출할 수 있을 것이다.

PURPOSES : This study analyzes the characteristics of generated fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen oxide (NOX) at roadsides using a statistical method, namely, a generalized linear model (GLM). The study also investigates the applicability and capability of a machine learning methods such as a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) for predicting PM2.5 and NOX generations. METHODS : To analyze the characteristics of PM2.5 and NOX generations at roadsides, data acquisition was conducted in a specific segment of roads, and PM2.5 and NOX prediction models were estimated using GLM. In addition, to investigate the applicability and capability of a machine learning methods, PM2.5 and NOX prediction models were estimated using a GRNN and were compared with models employing previously estimated GLMs using r-square, mean absolute deviation (MAD), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean square error (RMSE) as parameters. RESULTS : Results revealed that relative humidity, wind speed, and traffic volume were significant for both PM2.5 and NOX prediction models based on estimated models from a GLM. In addition, to compare the applicability and capability of the GLM and GRNN models (i.e., PM2.5 and NOX prediction models), the GRNN model of PM2.5 and NOX prediction was found to yield better statistical significance for r-square, MAD, MAPE, and RMSE as compared with the same parameters used in the GLM. CONCLUSIONS : Analytical results indicated that a higher relative humidity and traffic volume could lead to higher PM2.5 and NOX concentrations. By contrast, lower wind speed could affect higher PM2.5 and NOX concentrations at roadsides. In addition, based on a comparison of two statistical methods (i.e., GLM and GRNN models used to estimate PM2.5 and NOX), GRNN model yielded better statistical significance as compared with GLM.

The research work was undertaken to determine an effective fertilization medium, sperm separation method and sperm capacitating agent for optimum in vitro fertilization (IVF) rates of indigenous zebu cow oocytes. In experiment 1, tissue culture medium (TCM 199), Tyrode’s albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP) and Brackett and Oliphant (BO) medium were used as basic medium for IVF of oocytes of indigenous zebu cows. In experiment 2, three sperm separation methods namely centrifugation, swim up and percoll gradient methods were used for separation of motile and viable spermatozoa for IVF. In experiment 3, for capacitation of spermatozoa, IVF medium supplemented with the heparin, mixture of penicillamine, hypotaurine and epinephrine (PHE) or the combination of heparin with PHE were used for fertilization. In vitro culture (IVC) of presumptive zygotes was done in modified synthetic oviduct fluid (mSOF) medium using standard procedure 24 h after sperm-oocytes co-culture. The cleavage rate was determined to evaluate the efficacy of fertilization medium, sperm separation method and sperm capacitating agent 24 h after IVC. The cleavage rate was higher in oocytes fertilized in TALP (63.3%) than in TCM 199 (47.5%) (p < 0.05). The cleavage rate was higher in oocytes fertilized by spermatozoa separated by percoll gradient method (62.3%) than by centrifugation (51.6%) (p < 0.05). The cleavage rate of oocytes was higher when insemination was done with spermatozoa capacitated in TALP supplemented with heparin and PHE (61.3%) compared to control (40.9%) (p < 0.05). In conclusions, TALP based medium and percoll gradient sperm separation followed by capacitation with combination of heparin and PHE are suitable for IVF of indigenous zebu cow oocytes in Bangladesh.

Welding is the most convenient method for fabricating steel materials to build ships and offshore structures. However, welding using high heat processes inevitably produces welding displacements on welded structures. To mitigate these, heavy industries introduce various welding techniques such as back-step welding and skip-step welding. These techniques effect on the change of the distribution of high heat on welded structures, leading to a reduction of welding displacements. In the present study, various cases using different and newly introduced welding techniques are numerically simulated to ascertain the most efficient technique to minimize welding displacements. A numerical simulation using a finite element method based on the inherent strain, interface element and multi-point constraint function is introduced herein. Based on several simulation results, the optimal welding technique for minimizing welding displacements to build a general ship grillage structure is finally proposed.

Background: For performing various movements well, cooperation between the muscles around the scapula and shoulder has been emphasized. Taping has been widely used clinically as a helpful adjunct to other physiotherapy methods for shoulder pathology and dysfunction treatment. Previous studies have evaluated the effect of taping techniques using dynamic tapes on shoulder function and pain. However, no study investigated the electromyographic (EMG) changes in the shoulder muscles. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the upper limb offload taping technique using a dynamic tape on EMG activities of the upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius, serratus anterior (SA), and middle deltoid (MD) muscles during scaption plane elevation. Methods: A total of 26 healthy subjects (19.85 ± 6.40 years, male = 20) volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were instructed to perform scaption elevation with and without dynamic taping on the shoulder. Shoulder elevation strength tests were performed at 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%, for the maximal isometric contraction force. Results: There were statistically significant interaction effects between the taping application and shoulder scaption elevation force in EMG activities in the UT (p < 0.05) and MD (p < 0.05). EMG activities in the UT showed significant increases in 50%RVC (reference voluntary contraction, p < 0.05) and 25%RVC (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the EMG activity of the SA significantly increased in 50%RVC (p < 0.01) and 25%RVC (p < 0.01) after dynamic taping. For the MD, the EMG activity level significantly decreased in 100%RVC (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that upper limb offload dynamic taping application affects the muscle activities of some shoulder muscles depending on different scaption elevation strength levels. Therefore, we suggest that the upper limb offload dynamic taping can be applied to the shoulders when patients need middle deltoid inhibition or upper trapezius facilitation, such as patients with shoulder impingement syndrome.

This study aimed to identify whether or not four service situations varying according to positive and negative combinations of physical evidence and functional service influence store image and purchase behavioral intentions of customers at bulgogi restaurants. The video-scenario technique was used for the study. Data were analyzed with the SPSS (Window 19.0) package using frequency analysis, one-way ANOVA, 2 by 2 factorial ANOVA, exploratory factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis to confirm the hypotheses. The combined effect of functional service and physical evidence influenced store image and purchase intention. In terms of seperate effect of physical evidence and functional service, the effect of employee service on store image was more powerful than that of physical evidence, even though the effect differed depending on the situation. Purchase intention was only influenced by functional service quality from employees under the four different scenarios. Thus, when opening a Korean restaurant, proper management of tangible evidence suitable to service, and the prices expected from local customers should be determined. Additionally, extremely high or low levels of physical evidence management should be avoided.

목적 : 노인을 대상으로 포괄적으로 사용되고 있는 개념인 라이프스타일에 접근하기 위해, 관련 중재프로그램의 구성요소를 도출하여 프로그램 구성 시 사용될 수 있는 근거 자료를 제공하려한다. 연구방법 : 지역사회 및 노인과 관련된 전문가 패널 12명을 대상으로 2018년 11월부터 12월까지 델파이 조사를 3회 실시하였다. 1차에서는 노인 대상 라이프스타일 관련 중재프로그램에 대한 선행연구들을 종합 분석한 후, 구성요소에 관한 폐쇄형 항목 및 서술형 응답칸을 사용하여 의견을 수집하였다. 2차, 3차에서는 구성요소의 적합도와 중요도를 알아보았고, 도출된 결과를 토대로 ‘노인 대상 라이프스타일 관련 중재프로그램의 구성요소’를 도출하였다. 결과 : 1차 델파이 결과, 선행연구 분석을 통해 제시된 37개 항목에서 삭제되거나 수정되어 23개의 구성요소가 선정되었고, 2차 델파이 결과에서는 50개의 구성요소가 합의되었다. 최종 3차 델파이 조사를 통해서는 22개의 항목이 선정되었으며, 최종 선정된 항목에 대한 내용타당도 비율은 0.77, 안정도는 0.20 으로 확인되었다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 도출된 노인의 라이프스타일 관련 중재프로그램의 구성요소는 지역사회 기반을 포함한 다양한 임상 현장에서 효율적인 라이프스타일 중재를 계획 및 시행하는데 근거자료로써 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구에서는 동맥스핀라벨링을 이용하는 비 조영증강 기법인 4D TRANCE으로 동정맥기형 환자를 진단함에 있어 기존에 사용하고 있는 4D TRAK과 조영증강 3D TOF으로 얻는 진단적 정보의 재현성과 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 은 동정맥기형 추적검사를 하는 환자 14명을 대상(남자 4명, 여자 10명)으로 하여 뇌혈관 영상을 각각 4D TRANCE, 4D TRAK, 조영증강 3D TOF를 순서로 획득하였다. 영상의학과 전문의 2명이 3 영상의 진단적 평가와 영양동맥(feeding artery, FA)과 배출정맥(draining vein, DV)을 비교 평가하였고, 동일한 부위의 병소(nidus)와 내경동맥에 대한 대조도 잡음비를 비교 분석하였다. 정성평가는 4D TRANCE는 진단적 정확도 3.93(3.89~4.04), FA 3.75(3.55~3.95), DV 1.96(1.77~2.16) 으로 모든 구간에서 4D TRAK과 비교하여 통계적으로 유의하였으나(p＜0.001), 유일하게 DV에서 유의하지 않았다. 정량 분석에서는 4D TRANCE와 3D TOF의 대조도 잡음비에 따른 독립표본 T검정 결과, 조영증강되는 병소에서는 4D TRANCE가 3D TOF에 비해 15.50의 차이로 높았으며, 통계적으로 유의하였다. 본 연구는 동정맥기형 추적검사에 대해 4D TRANCE는 4D TRAK보다 다소 저하된 영상품질을 보여주었으나, 3D TOF와 비교했을 때 혈관 해부학 및 혈류역학 정보를 제공하기 때문에 더 신뢰할 수 있는 정보를 제공하여 임상 영상 평가에 유용하게 사용할 수 있다.