미나리총채벌레는 다양한 약용작물과 원예작물에 경제적 피해를 유발하는 광식성 총채벌레이지만, 저온에 대한 분자적 반응은 아직 명확히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 4°C에서 24시간 처리한 성충(LOW)의 전사체를 25°C에서 사육한 대조구(CON)와 비교 분석하였다. Illumina NovaSeq 분석을 통해 총 7.38 × 108개의 paired-end read를 확보하였으며, de novo 전사체 조립 결과 평균 길이 611.4 bp, N50 948 bp의 124,562개 unigene이 생성되었다. 기능 주석 분석에서는 전체 unigene의 37.2%가 하나 이상의 공공 데이터베이스와 일치하였으며, Gene Ontology 분석 결과 대사 과정과 결합 기능에 관련된 항목이 주로 확인되었다. 차등발현 분석에서는 총 1,881개의 차등발현유전자가 확인되었으 며, 저온 처리구에서 860개가 상향 조절되고 1,021개가 하향 조절되어 저온 스트레스에 따른 전반적인 전사 억제 경향을 나타냈다. Acyl-CoA desaturase, cuticle protein, cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, trehalose transporter, juvenile hormone esterase 및 lipase 등 저온 적응과 관련된 유전자들의 발현이 유의하게 조절되었다. 반면, vitellogenin은 현저하게 하향 조절되어 저온 조건에서 생식보다 생존에 에너지를 우선적으로 배분 하는 생리적 전환이 이루어졌음을 시사하였다. RT-qPCR 분석 결과는 RNA-seq에서 확인된 유전자 발현 양상과 일치하였다. 본 연구는 미나리총 채벌레의 급성 저온 노출 반응을 규명한 최초의 전사체 정보를 제공하며, 총채벌레의 효율적인 관리 전략을 개발하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study evaluates the life cycle CO₂ emissions of concrete structures using recycled aggregates to support carbon neutrality in the construction industry. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on a 12-story reinforced concrete building in Seoul, encompassing stages from raw material extraction, transportation, concrete production, and construction, to a 40-year usage period (accounting for carbonation-induced CO₂ uptake), demolition, and waste processing. The assessment compared major structural members (columns, walls, beams, and slabs) based on two distinct environmental impact inventory categories: the 'Upper Level' (reflecting production process uncertainties) and the 'Lower Level' (assuming high-efficiency, optimized manufacturing processes). The results reveal a dual-faceted environmental impact of recycled aggregates. Under Upper Level conditions, the recycled aggregate concrete mixes increased life cycle CO₂ emissions by 25% to 34% compared to standard conventional concrete due to high material emission coefficients. Conversely, under Lower Level conditions, recycled aggregate concrete achieved comparable or reduced CO₂ emissions compared to conventional mixes. The findings demonstrate that to successfully implement low-carbon designs using recycled aggregate concrete, technical advancements must focus on controlling energy consumption during the aggregate production and refining processes to stabilize inventory data at the Lower Level.

Recent earthquakes (2016 Gyeongju and 2017 Pohang) revealed the seismic vulnerability of existing non-seismicallydetailed reinforced concrete (RC) school buildings in Korea. This study proposes and experimentally verifies an CFT-column seismic retrofit method, in which concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns are anchored to existing RC columns and connected by a steel beam at the column mid-height. To examine the effect of infilling the CFT columns, three full-detail specimens—non-retrofitted (NRF), mortar-filled retrofitted (IFRF), and unfilled retrofitted (IERF)—were fabricated based on 1980s non-seismic school-building details and tested under displacement-controlled cyclic loading. The hysteretic behavior, strength, stiffness, energy dissipation, and failure modes were compared, and the envelope curves were idealized using the equivalent energy elastic-plastic (EEEP) model. Relative to NRF, the retrofitted specimens showed about 3.3 times higher effective stiffness, 3.3–3.5 times higher strength, ductility increasing from 2.07 to 2.99–3.20, and 742–815% higher energy dissipation.

전 세계적인 탄소 중립 목표 달성과 고순도 수소 에너지 사회로의 전환에 따라, 화학 산업에서 막대한 에너지를 소모하는 전통적인 열분리 공정을 대체할 수 있는 고효율 기체 분리막 기술이 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 널리 사용되는 고분자 분리막은 가공성이 뛰어나지만 기체 투과도와 선택도 사이의 상충 관계(Robeson upper bound)로 인해 고도화에 제약이 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 다공성 금속 유기 골격체(metal-organic framework, MOF)의 일종인 제올라이트 이미다졸레이트 골격체 (zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, ZIF)가 차세대 소재로 부상하였다. 본 총설에서는 ZIF 결정의 기초적인 기체 투과 메커니즘 을 고찰하고, 특히 최근 5 년간 비약적으로 발전한 인공지능 기반 분자 모델링을 통한 게이트 제어 메커니즘 규명 성과를 분 석한다. 또한 결함 없는 초박막 제조를 위해 도입된 계면 합성 법 및 결함 치유 공정 등 최신 합성 전략을 다룬다. 나아가 본 총설에서는 탄소 포집, 올레핀/파라핀 분리는 물론, 제논/크립톤와 같은 특수 희귀 기체 분리에 적용된 사례들을 폭넓게 검토 한다.

산화 그래핀은 고유한 2차원 나노 채널, 화학적 안정성 및 조절 가능한 수송 경로를 바탕으로 고투과성 유기용매 나노여과 분리막을 구현할 수 있는 유망한 소재이다. 특히, 산화 그래핀에 적절한 나노 기공 도입과 층간 간격 제어, 산소 기 능기 제어 등을 통하여, 기존의 고분자, 세라믹 기반 분리막의 투과도와 선택도 사이의 상충 관계를 극복할 기회를 제공할 수 있다. 본 총설에서는 고성능 산화 그래핀 기반 유기용매 정제용 나노여과막의 제조를 위한 합성 전략, 용매 투과 메커니즘 및 고성능 분리를 가능하게 하는 구조 공학 접근 방식에 초점을 맞추어 다층 산화 그래핀 기반 유기용매 나노여과막의 최근 진 전 상황을 포괄적으로 논하고자 한다. 또한 정제, 농축, 용매 교환 등 차세대 산업에서 적용 가능성과 상용화를 위한 향후 연 구 방향에 대해서 논의한다.

KMTV, the next-generation force of the South Korean military, was first operationalized in 2025 and was introduced to the South Korean military. The KMTV is a military vehicle developed in a carrier-type configuration based on the civilian Pavise truck produced by Hyundai Motor Company. Before its introduction, this vehicle experienced cases where the chain storage bracket broke during DTAQ’s endurance driving test, and the root cause analysis confirmed that stress concentration occurred in the bracket area, and it was also confirmed that the actual damaged area was the same location, so improvements were carried out. First, it was manufactured in a one-piece form that structurally eliminates stress concentration, and the material was changed for structural strength reinforcement, resulting in a slight increase in overall weight. However, durability analysis confirmed that the chain storage box could be used indefinitely, and to verify this, the improved parts were applied, and acceleration durability test results on the Belgian Road showed no abnormalities, confirming whether further improvements were necessary. This was a good opportunity to improve KMTV’s utilization rate and secure the reliability of the fleet.

Light armored vehicles used for transport and reconnaissance have suffered extensive damage due to the prevalence of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). Despite armor reinforcements, conventional vehicles like the HMMWV remained vulnerable to under-belly blasts, necessitating the development of the Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicle by the U.S. Marine Corps in 2004. The MRAP's core innovation lies in its V-shaped hull, designed to disperse explosion shocks and maximize crew survivability in asymmetric and urban warfare. This shift redefined tactical vehicles as specialized platforms prioritizing protection over mere mobility. This paper investigates the optimization and effectiveness of the V-shaped hull structure to enhance vehicle survivability against explosive threats. Numerical Analysis were performed to predict the protective performance of V-shaped hull, using the commercial simulation software LS-Dyna. The interaction between blast pressure and the structure was simulated using ALE and FSI methods. To enhance the blast protection performance of the V-shaped hull, DRS and Add on Armor were installed, and the protective performance was compared based on the thickness of the DRS, as well as whether additional armor was installed and its location.

A recent residential environment has developed highly dense around at the public roads mainly as the ease of access and convenience of transportation. Due to the development of lifestyle of above reasons, human beings are facing a noise problems caused by road traffic. In this study, investigated a automotive tire noise contribution at the Vehicle Internal and External by actual test using Electric Vehicle(EV) which have been developing and selling actively in recent years. And identified a tires & road noise characteristic and pure tire noise that excludes the Powertrain & Exhuast sytem noise. As a following steps, predicting a Pass-by Noise by using the identified tire noise level that measured on actual test and based on the Pass-by Noise prediction to figured out a noise influence with noise contour map of tire noise on the city environment through the computer simulation.

The commercialization of urban air mobility (UAM) requires a pilot certification framework tailored to powered-lift aircraft, which combine the characteristics of airplanes and helicopters. In October 2024, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration promulgated SFAR 120 (14 CFR Part 194), a ten-year special regulation that establishes a powered-lift category rating combined with aircraft-specific type ratings and permits initial training in aircraft equipped with a single set of functioning flight controls. The European Union Aviation Safety Agency, by contrast, requires a pilot type rating for VTOL-capable aircraft on the basis of existing licenses, with customized syllabi combining helicopter, airplane, and powered-lift elements. In Korea, the Aviation Safety Act does not yet define a certification category for UAM aircraft, and the Act on Promotion and Support of Urban Air Mobility regulates only operator designation requirements. This study compares the finalized U.S. and European frameworks, identifies the regulatory gap in Korea in light of the pilot operation model announced by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in July 2026, and proposes a phased introduction plan consisting of a new certification category with concurrent type ratings, a time-limited special regulation for the initial cadre of pilots, and conversion pathways for existing commercial pilots.

In this study, the effect of underwater hydrofoil was analyzed on a electric propulsion high speed motor boat by model test at a high speed water tank. The hull floating and resistance performance according to the longitudinal position, area and angle of attack of the foil with the same cross sectional shape were analyzed and the required power was estimated. Through this study, it was confirmed that the longitudinal position of the foil significantly affects hull floating and resistance performance. The reason is that the moment increases as the foil position moves farther away from the hull center. If the hull floats at a relatively low speed, a sudden change in trim may occur. After the hull floating, a rapid reduction in required power occurs because resistance acts only on the foil and strut.

This study evaluates the structural integrity and design optimization of the i-SMR CRDM housing under operating conditions (15.5 MPa, 325°C). Using a thermal-structural coupled FE analysis, a parametric study was conducted by varying the housing thickness from 10 mm to 3 mm. Results showed that while radial deformation remained stable (~0.33 mm) due to thermal expansion, axial displacement increased by 17.1% as thickness decreased. Stress linearization, based on ASME Section III NB-3200, identified 4 mm as the critical minimum thickness, yielding a combined stress ( ) of 275.24 MPa, which satisfies the shakedown limit () of 282 MPa. In contrast, the 3 mm model exceeded the limit at 357.62 MPa. The baseline 10 mm design exhibited a high safety factor of 3.21, confirming its conservative reliability. These findings provide a quantitative basis for the lightweight design of SMR pressure boundaries while ensuring strict nuclear safety standards.

It is generally accepted that seawater transmits sound over longer distances than freshwater. However, whether this general explanation applies equally to aircraft noise generated in the air has not been sufficiently examined. In this study, the acoustic transmission characteristics of freshwater and seawater were compared under identical conditions, and the influence of SOFAR (Sound Fixing and Ranging) channels and shallow-water acoustic waveguides in marine environments was investigated. The analysis conditions were set to identical water temperature, pressure, frequency, and sound source; freshwater was set to a salinity of 0.1 PSU, while seawater was set to approximately 34 PSU, which is the average surface salinity of the South Sea of Korea. Additionally, low-frequency and general transmission characteristics were compared by applying 250 Hz and 1,000 Hz, which are representative frequencies of aircraft noise. The analysis results showed that the differences in sound speed and acoustic impedance between freshwater and seawater under identical conditions were not significant. Furthermore, it was found that the long-distance sound transmission characteristics of the ocean are primarily governed by oceanic environmental conditions, including water depth, temperature, pressure, and seabed topography, rather than by the physical properties of seawater itself. Meanwhile, since aircraft noise originates in the air and most of its acoustic energy is reflected at the air-water interface, the amount of acoustic energy entering the water was found to be very limited. Consequently, the influence of SOFAR channels and shallow-water acoustic waveguides on the underwater transmission of aircraft noise was found to be very limited. Consequently, the likelihood that aircraft noise generated in the waters around Gadeokdo will be transmitted over long distances across the Korea Strait and cause widespread impacts on marine life is low. In conclusion, even when considering SOFAR channels and shallow-water acoustic waveguides, the conclusion of previous studies that the underwater impact of aircraft noise is limited remains valid.

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles have been widely used in various military operations, such as surveillance, reconnaissance, and communication relay missions, and the reliability of the datalink between the aircraft and ground control equipment is essential for stable mission operation. A ground antenna assembly controls the azimuth and elevation angles of the antenna based on aircraft position data and monitors the status of major components, such as the LNA and encoder, through BIT. However, false alarm cases were identified during operation and inspection, in which BIT errors were reported even though no actual failure had occurred. The main causes were analyzed as the LNA BIT result processing method, the accumulation condition for identical encoder values, and the error counter processing method that did not consider the antenna operating state. In this study, the LNA BIT decision logic was modified so that the BIT result is reflected in the actual status value, and the encoder BIT logic was improved to consider data validity, motor control voltage, and antenna operating state. In the improved logic, identical encoder values received while the antenna is idle are regarded as normal position holding, abnormal encoder data are excluded from identical-value comparison, and the error counter is controlled only under valid operating conditions. The test results showed that the proposed logic suppressed false alarms under normal idle conditions while detecting encoder abnormalities during operation and cable disconnection conditions, thereby improving the reliability of BIT decision-making and the operational stability of the ground antenna assembly.

Suppressing underwater radiated noise (URN) is critical for naval anti-submarine warfare (ASW) survivability. High-heat shipboard cabinets use densely packed cooling fans, but their synchronous operation superimposes harmonic forces, generating a critical structure-borne tonal peak. This study analyzes anechoic chamber data from a 12-fan array, revealing that 2X torque ripples of BLDC motors concentrate within the 125 Hz resonance band of an panel, producing a 50.0 dB peak. To mitigate this, a Differential Speed Dispersion Control (DSDC) is proposed, enforcing a 3% speed deviation among adjacent fans. By inducing phase desynchronization (incoherent addition), an analytical power sum model predicts an 8.5 dB attenuation of the 125 Hz peak. Although accompanied by a minor airborne noise penalty (+0.64 dB), this study analytically validates DSDC as an effective trade-off strategy for maximizing acoustic stealth.

In this study, we successfully fabricated highly stable and transparent gold (Au) metal mesh electrodes via an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing process for transparent display applications. To overcome the structural fragility and high sheet resistance of conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, a low-cost, solution-processed EHD printing approach was introduced to form ultra-fine Au grid lines under ambient conditions. The geometrical dimensions of the mesh structure, particularly the grid pitch, were systematically optimized to investigate the trade-off relationship between optical transmittance and electrical sheet resistance. The optimized Au metal mesh electrode, featuring a line width of 3 ㎛ and a grid pitch of 200 ㎛, exhibited a low sheet resistance of 5.1 Ω/sq and a high visible-light transmittance of 86.2% at 550 ㎚, yielding an outstanding figure of merit (FoM). Furthermore, by incorporating a 15-degree tilted grid design relative to the underlying pixel display array, the critical optical issue of Moire interference fringes was completely eliminated, securing excellent invisibility. Long-term environmental reliability tests conducted under harsh conditions (85°C and 85% relative humidity) demonstrated that the printed Au mesh maintained its initial resistance with a variation of less than 3% after 200 hours, whereas conventional silver nanowire electrodes suffered severe degradation. These results indicate that the EHD-printed Au metal mesh transparent electrode holds great potential as a robust and high-performance alternative to ITO for next-generation large-area transparent and flexible optoelectronic devices.

Bitumen produced from Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage(SAGD) and Expanding Solvent Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage(ES-SAGD) processes contains highly viscous emulsions with finely dispersed water droplets and suspended solids, resulting in poor oil–water separation performance. Conventional separation technologies, including Free Water Knockout(FWKO) vessels and Electrostatic Oil Treaters, have limitations in removing fine water droplets and suppressing rag-layer formation under high-viscosity conditions. To address these limitations, this study proposes a hybrid oil–water separation system integrating Electric Grid-based electrostatic coalescence with Microbubble-assisted flotation. The proposed system combines emulsion destabilization by microbubbles with electrostatic droplet coalescence to enhance gravitational separation. An engineering design framework, including operating conditions, electric-field configuration, and microbubble injection strategy, was established for application to ES-SAGD production facilities. To provide quantitative engineering validation, a theoretical analysis based on Stokes' law was performed. Under the assumed design conditions, doubling the water-droplet diameter increased the calculated settling velocity by four times, while reducing the microbubble diameter from 300 to 100 decreased the theoretical rising velocity to approximately one-ninth. These results support the engineering feasibility of the proposed hybrid separation mechanism. The proposed system provides a theoretical engineering design basis for pilot-scale implementation and offers a technical foundation for future experimental validation and AI-assisted intelligent bitumen separation systems.

The chain conveyor system is a product for the environment and productivity, allowing users to work efficiently. The existing chain conveyor system is operated by a single drive motor, so all processes are driven at the same time, so if the working hours are different, they are not time-efficient. Due to the nature of the chain conveyor system, a lubricant is used to prevent noise and dust caused by chain driving, and even if only one section of the chain conveyor breaks down, the entire line must be stopped in order to repair it. This study was conducted with a focus on localizing the flexible drive system, securing the reliability of the drive wheel that operates smoothly even in fatigue situations, prototyping and performance evaluation of the flexible drive system.

본 연구는 고객기업을 따라 해외에 진출하는 동반진출 기업이 진출 이후 어떠한 외국인 비용에 직면하며, 그 대응 과정에서 형성된 지식이 어떻게 자회사 간에 이전되는지를 탐구한다. 이를 위해 국내 자동차 부품 기업인 Y 사 슬로바키아 법인을 대상으로 2004년 설립부터 2018년 알바니아법인 설립까지를 추적하는 종단적 단일사례연 구를 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 동반진출로 제품시장 불확실성이 완화된 상황에서 외국인 비용은 기존 고객인 완성 차 업체와의 관계가 확장되지 않는 현지 노동시장과 조직운영에서 집중적으로 발생하였다. 사례기업은 시행착오 를 통해 고객사와 조정이 필요한 영역에서는 본사 표준을 유지하고 사회적으로 배태된 영역에서는 현지 적응을 확대하였다. 이 과정에서 표준화할 활동과 현지화할 활동을 판단하는 상위 수준의 지식인 표준화-현지화 배분지 식이 슬로바키아 법인에 축적되었다. 이 배분지식은 본사를 경유하지 않고 인적자원의 이동을 통해 슬로바키아 법인에서 후속 법인으로 이전되어 자회사 간 지식의 수평 이동 형태를 보여주었다.

This study analyzed survey data from 1,200 Japanese consumers to determine the association between authenticity-related information awareness and acceptance of Korean-style and Japanese-style localized kimchi in Japan. Authenticity-related awareness was operationalized using four binary indicators: perception of kimchi as originating from Korea, awareness of Korean-style kimchi, awareness of the Codex Alimentarius standard, and awareness of UNESCO-listed Kimjang. Although general kimchi awareness was high (94.0%), awareness of the Codex standard (12.8%) and UNESCO-listed Kimjang (17.8%) remained low, indicating a gap between general familiarity and institutional authenticity knowledge. Korean-style kimchi showed significantly higher awareness and consumption experience than Japanese-style localized kimchi, whereas recent consumption within one month did not differ significantly. Among respondents who had consumed both types, Korean-style kimchi showed higher consumption frequency and satisfaction. Higher authenticity-related information awareness was associated with greater satisfaction, consumption frequency, and future consumption intention. Preference for Korean-style kimchi increased significantly across awareness groups, whereas preference for Japanese-style localized kimchi decreased correspondingly. This association remained significant after adjusting for sex, age, and Korean culture and food involvement in multivariable logistic regression. These findings suggest that systematic communication of institutional and cultural heritage authenticity may help enhance Korean-style kimchi preference in Japan.

본 연구는 베트남 자동차 시장에서 독보적인 경쟁우위를 구축하고 있는 현지기업인 빈패스트의 성공 요인을 도 출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 신흥 시장의 특성을 반영하고자 산업조직론과 자원기반관점 및 제도기반 관점을 세 가지 주요 축으로 하는 ‘전략 삼각대(Strategy Tripod)’ 관점을 큰 틀로 삼고 패러다임 전환기의 특성 을 고려해 Porter의 산업구조분석에 더욱 집중하여 빈패스트의 성공 전략을 분석하였다. 2차 자료를 분석한 결과, 정부의 정책이 5가지 주요 요인으로 설명되는 산업구조에 영향을 미치고 이러한 요인 들에 의해 빈패스트는 기존의 자원과 역량을 활용하여 SPLEG 전략이라는 것으로 대응한 것으로 나타났는데, 구체적으로 SPLEG 전략은 신속한 진입과 의사결정(Speed), 시대 흐름에 잘 맞는 전기차로의 전환(Pivot), 대규모 자본을 활용(Leverage), 충전 인프라 기업과의 후방수직통합(Ecosystem), 글로벌 시장으로의 확대 (Globalization)이다.