The objective of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of EMPS (edible mushroom mycelium polysaccharide: Tremella fuciformis) in animal models with colorectal cancer induced by AOM/DSS. The experimental groups consisted of Nor (normal), NC (AOM/DSS), EMPS (EMPS 50, EMPS 100), and PC (Fluorouracil). The NC group had the highest number of colon tumors, whereas it was observed that tumor occurrence was significantly reduced in the EMPS consumption group. The expression of Bcl-2, an apoptosis inhibitor, was significantly lower in the EMPS 50 & 100 and PC groups. On the other hand, the mRNA gene expression of Bax, a factor that induces apoptosis, was significantly higher in the EMPS 50 & 100 and PC groups compared to the NC group. The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and COX-2 significantly increased in the NC group, but showed a significant decrease in the EMPS and PC groups, indicating inhibition of the cancer-promoting response of cells. At the phylum level of the mice's intestinal microbial composition, the proportion of Bacteroidetes tended to decrease, while the proportion of Firmicutes tended to increase with EMPS administration. This suggests that changes in the gut microbiota caused by inflammation can be influenced by dietary intake.

Background: Studies suggest that induced emotional changes can affect the sensory-motor system involved in the practice of muscle activity and movement in physical aspects. Previous studies have shown focused on effects just feedback on muscle activity associated with emotions but rarely have focused induced emotional change on gross motor function such as muscle activity. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare biceps activity and emotion that before and after viewing a video was induced positive or negative emotion. Methods: The study enrolled 34 healthy male and female who scored at normal points on the Center for Epidermiological Studies-Depression Scale. The study measured over two weeks, showing subjects pleasant and sad videos one by one in a week. We performed to measure the biceps brachii activity which is maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and the visual analog mood scale (VAMS) scores before and after one week. The significance level was set to α = 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference in muscle activity of the biceps brachii before and after each video was viewed (p > 0.05). However, the visual analogue mood scale showed an increase in VAMS after viewing each video (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We figured out induced emotional changes are cause actual emotional changes but there are no differences in muscle activity. In this research, watching the video with a short time looks like insufficient to change muscle activity. Nevertheless, there might be different when we check various muscles with sufficient time for viewing the video. Further study is needed to measure a variety of muscles with more time for viewing the video.

Gastrodia elata Blume often has been used for the treatment of headaches, convulsions, hypertension, and neurodegenerative diseases. The main active constituents are gastrodin, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, vanillyl alcohol, 4-hydroxybenzylaldehyde and parishin A, B, C and E. Because Gastrodia elata has also unacceptable off-odor (swine barnyard-like) for food, there is a need to reduce it as well as allow for greater utilization as a functional food materials. In this study, a major off-odor producing substance of Gastrodia elata was fractionated by steam distillation and silica gel column chromatography. The substance was identified as p-cresol(4-methyl phenol) by GC-MS analysis and comparison of the retention time with that of an authentic compound in GC. The content of p-cresol in fermented Gastrodia elata was decreased. A fermented sample of Latobacillus sakei for 2 days was reduced to 54.7%, when compared with a unfermented sample. The five parishin derivatives in Gastrodia elata were identified by HPLC-MS analyses, and a comparison of HPLC retention times with those of authentic compounds. When compared with parishin derivatives of an unfermented Gastrodia elata, those of Gastrodia elata fermented by L. sakei, increased to 18.3% for 2 days. Increases of about 14.0~38.4% of the total phenolic compounds and 57.4~77.3% total flavonoids were found in fermented extracts, by 3 lactic acid bacteria strains. They were compared with 97.1±2.9 μg/g and 40.9±2.0 μg/g in the unfermented control, respectively. The extracts of Gastrodia elata Blume that were fermented by lactic acid bacteria had higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity and FRAP reducing power than the unfermented control.

This study was carried out to develop the useful inducing method of estrus for Korean native cows. Under the condition of estrus induction by administering for the cows in which corpus luteum (CL) in ovaries was detected by ultrasonography, ovarian responses and the changes of progesterone () concentration against compared with conception rate were observed in cows and heifers. In inducing estrus administering . to the cows which has corpus luteum in ovaries, ovarian reponses, the changes of progesterone concentration, and conception rate were identified and compared. The results attained from the studies were as follows. Significant decreases of CL in size over time after administration were detected in both cow and heifer groups (p<0.001), but not different between groups in the CL regression rate (p>0.05). In addition, the percentage changes relative to the plasma concentration on day 1 after treatment were decreased to below 1ng/ml. The growth rate of follicle was observed as 31% on day 1 and 42% on day 2 in cows, and 34% on day 1 and 97% on day 2 in heifers, resulting that growth of heifers are faster than that of cows (p<0.05). The conception rate after treatment were 60.5% and 64.2% in cows and heifers, respectively. It also indicated that the conception rate after estrus observation with injection was as high as 66.6% while that with timed-artificial insemination (TAI) regardless of the estrus observation was 56%, which means the pregnancy rate of artificial insemination after estrus observation was higher than that of TAI (p<0.05). In the result of all above, there were significant decreases in CL size and the plasma concentration by days but rapid growth in follicles, which has no differences in cows and heifers. The conception rate was commonly high after estrus observation and more than 50% under TAI.

Tumor cells, especially in a malignant form, proliferate rapidly that blood supply within the tumors becomes limited, leading to a condition of insufficient oxygen supply. Such hypoxic condition is known to impair the viability of cancer cells, but it can also be a factor to facilitate the appearance of cells with a higher degree of malignancy. Indeed, the hypoxic condition created within malignant tumors may contribute to promoting their aggressive behaviors, including tumor invasion and metastasis, and to the development of resistance to various therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy. Recently, microRNAs, a group of short RNA fragments consisting of 18 to 20 nucleotides, have been shown to participate in regulating genes important for cell survival, differentiation and apoptosis. Since their discovery, modulation of these microRNAs has been a focus of intensive studies with regard to their significance on gene regulation and various aspects of cell biology. In this study, we investigated hypoxia-induced alterations in microRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells and discussed consequential gene modulation and relevant cellular responses.

It was conducted the experiment, divided into three groups as normal, poor and polycystic ovary syndrome, to detect the change of protein patterns in follicular fluid on ovarian response following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for human IVF outcome. In the normal group, it was confirmed reproducible 57 spots in the detected total 81 spots. Then 1 spot was not found in the other groups. In the poor responder group, it was found reproducible 53 spots in the detected total 98 spots. 6 spots were down-regulation and 7 spots were up-regulation comparable with normal group. There were not 5 spots in poor responder group comparable with other groups. In the polycystic ovary syndrome group, it was expressed reproducible 53 spots in the detected total 80 spots and 3 spots were just expressed in this group. However, 4 spots were not found in polycystic ovary syndrome. 9 spots were up-regulation comparable with normal group. Significant up and down-regulation spots among the each groups were identified. The results were a cytosolic carboxypeptidase, a signal-induced proliferation-associated protein 1, a ceruloplasmin, a keratin(type Ⅱ cytoskeletal 1), a polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2, a serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 4 regulatory subunit 4. It was identified that 8 spots, 6 kinds of protein are corresponded with NCBInr database research, but 10 spots were failed in the identification. In conclusion, it has been confirmed change and expression of protein on the ovarian response following COH of human.

In this study, the apoptotic effects of the actin disruption agent, latrunculin B(LB) have been investigated on p53 deficient chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562. A dose-dependent decrease in K562 cell proliferation was observed after LB treatment with maximum decrease in cell proliferation being at 1.5μM where the percent inhibition was 66.53%. F-actin stained with TRITC-phalloidin was shown as a peripheral ring or appeared diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm in untreated cells, this actin ring was decreased following LB treatment, and even large focal actin aggregates were formed. Treatment of K562 with LB(1.5μM) generated ROS substantially. LB activated expression in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore it can be concluded that LB, depolymerising agent of actin, induces apoptosis by producing ROS and up-regulating NF-kB and COX-2 activation.

목적: 이 연구의 목적은 단기간의 체중감량에 따른 고등학교 유도선수의 무드상태와 생리적 변화를 파악하는 것이었다. 방법: 연구 참여에 동의한 총 24명의 남자 유도선수들은 실험집단(12명) 또는 통제집단(12명)에 무선으로 배정되었다. 두 집단은 주 7회로 정해진 운동프로그램에 따라 하루 총 4회의 운동을 실시하였고, 실험집단은 운동과 함께 식이조절을 통하여 체중감량을 실시하였다. SPSS Ver 22.0K 통계프로그램을 이용한 자료처리는 두 집단을 대상으로 체중감량 프로그램 전과 후에 각각 무드상태와 생리적 변인들을 측정하여 각 항목의 사전검사 값을 공변인으로 하는 공분산분석(Analysis of Covariance)을 실시하였다. 그러나 분석 전에 회귀동등성(homogeneity of regression) 검증을 통해서 위배되는 경우에는 반복측정분산분석(repeated measures ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 결과: 무드상태에서 실험집단의 긴장, 우울, 피로, 혼란, 총정서장애는 통제집단보다 높았고, 활력에서는 유의하게 낮은 평균을 나타냈다. 생리적 변인들 중 혈당과 제지방에서 실험집단은 통제집단보다 유의하게 낮은 평균을 보여주었다. 결론: 단기간의 체중감량은 고등학교 유도선수의 무드상태와 생리적 변화에 부정적인 영향을 미친다는 결론에 도달하였다.

Background : Cirsium plants have been used for perennial edible plants and grow wild in the mountainous regions of Korea, including Cirsium setidens and C. pendulum. In particular, C. setidens is commonly called 'gondre', and it has been used medicinally for diseases such as hematuria, hepatitis and hypertension. Hairy roots cultivation can be used as a method for increasing production through mass culture of medicinal plants, and elicitors such as methyl jasmonate (MeJa) can be treated to increase the content of certain useful ingredients. In this study, the hairy root was derived from the leaf tissues of C. setidens and C. pendulum, and the HPLC pattern was compared by MeJa treatment. Methods and Results : Agrobacterium rhizogenes R1000 was used to induce hairy roots in 1/2× MS medium. In addition, the hairy roots was treated with MeJa for different time (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 24, 48, 72 h) and with various concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100, 200, 300 μM). The HPLC pattern changes were analyzed by on-line HPLC-ABTS. Four new peaks were observed in both Cirsium setidens and C. pendulum hairy roots, all of which showed antioxidant activity. In the case of C. pendulum, chlorogenic acid content was about 4 times higher than that of leaves. These peaks, including chlorogenic acid, were all affected by MeJa treatment. Conclusion : Four peaks were detected in the hairy roots of C. setidens and C. pendulum not in the leaves, and they were confirmed to be affected by the treatment of MeJa. It is necessary to clarify the structure through the subsequent compound separation.

혈액 정소 장벽은 정소내에 있는 세정관과 Sertoli cell 사이에 존재하는 물리적 장벽이고, 혈액 부정소 장벽은 부정소 내의 상피세포간의 밀착결합에 의한 장벽이다. 이러한 혈액 정소 장벽과 혈액 부정소 장벽은 내강과 외부 사이의 물질수송에 관여하는 역할을 한다. 정소와 부정소에서는 정자의 형성과 성숙이 일어나기 때문에 이러한 장벽을 통한 물질수송의 조절은 정자의 형성과 성숙에 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)를 투여하여 전신성 염증반응을 일으킴으로서 염증반응에 의한 혈액정소장벽과 혈액부정소장벽의 분자적인 변화와 확산장벽기능의 변화를 조사하였다. 생후 8주령 생쥐에 LPS와 식염수를 각각 투여 후 24시간 뒤 정소 및 부정소를 적출하여 무게측정 뒤 정량적 realtime RT-PCR 방법을 통해 혈액정소장벽과 혈액부정소 장벽 현성에 관여하는 밀착결합 유전자(CAR, Claudins, JAMs, Occludin, Tricellulin, ZO-1) mRNA와 단백질 발현을 분석하였다. 실험군과 대조군에서 적출한 정소와 부정소의 무게를 측정하여 평균을 낸 결과, 무게가 유의적으로 증가하였다. 염증반응의 여부를 확인하기 위하여 TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-18의 mRNA를 realtime RT-PCR로 분석한 결과, TNF-α와 IL-5의 발현이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 정소에서 밀착결합 유전자의 realtime RT-PCR 결과, Cldn 1, 2, 4 mRNA의 발현은 대조군보다 LPS를 복강주사한 실험군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. JAM3 mRNA 발현은 유의적으로 증가하였고, Occludin과 ZO-1 mRNA 발현은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. CAR의 경우, isoform 중 Exon 7번이 마지막인 long form의 mRNA 발현이 유의적으로 증가하였고, Tricellulin의 경우, isoform 중 long form과 mid form의 mRNA 발현이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 부정소에서는 Claudin 유전자와 JAM 유전자중 대부분이 증가하는 양상을 띄었고, 그 중 Cldn5와 JAM2에서 유의적인 증가를 보였다. 부위별로 나눠 유전자 발현을 분석한 결과, 차이를 나타내는 유전자도 있었다. Cldn5 mRNA의 발현은 전체적으로는 유의적으로 증가했으나 부정소 미부에서는 유의적으로 감소하였다. LPS투여군이 대조군보다 밀착결합 유전자 대부분에서 증가하는 양상을 나타내었고 일부는 유의적으로 증가하였다. 면역조직화학법으로 염색한 결과, Cldn1, 4, JAM3, Tricellulin의 경우 발색정도가 증가하였고, CAR의 경우 감소하였다. Biotin tracer를 통해 BTB의 투과성을 확인해본 결과, 대조군에서는 BTB에 막혀서 Sertoli cell 사이로 통과하지 못하였으나, LPS를 투여한 군에서는 BTB를 통과하여 감수분열 중인 정모세포 부근까지 확산되었다. 따라서 정소와 부정소에서 염증반응이 일어나게 되면 혈액정소장벽과 혈액부정 소장벽을 형성하는 밀착결합의 분자적 구조 변화를 초래하고, 이는 확산장벽의 변화시킴으로서 정자 형성과 성숙에 영향을 주어 남성 생식기능에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예측된다.

Isoflavone is synthesized in several different organs such as root, leaf and developing and germinating seed. Isoflavone content reflects overall history of physiological event given to a plant during certain period of time. Amount of isoflavone in a orga

컨테이너 크레인 스프레더는 체결시 발생하는 충격으로 인해 많은 고장이 발생한다. 이러한 충격력을 줄이기 위해 2자유도계 유압충격흡수장치를 설계하여 실린더 벽면의 치수변화가 감쇠계수에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 내부압력이 작용할 때 벽면 치수를 2～3Omm로 변화시켜 이때 발생하는 실린더 벽면과 피스톤 사이의 틈새는 측정한 결과 Sun이하의 치수에는 벽면형상 굴곡 되며 l0mm이상의 치수에서 감쇠계수에 영향을 미치지 않는 것을 알 수 있다.

The effect of growth regulators (NAA, BA and GA_3) and light (blue, red and far-red) on the changes in total protein and thylakoid membrane protein pattern of callus from intergeneric protoplast fusion between Nicotiana tabacum and Solanum nigrum were investigated. When the callus were irradiated with different wavelengths of light, blue and red light accelerated the synthesis of total proteins and thylakoid membrane proteins. Particularly, red light led to an increase in the protein synthesis compared to blue light. When the callus were subjected to various combinations of growth regulators, NAA+GA_3 and NAA-BA treatments induced remarkable increase of total proteins and thylakoid membrane proteins accumulation, particulary in the combination of NAA+GA_3 NAA+GA_3 treatment with irradiation of red light showed highest value in the accumulation of total proteins and thylakoid membrane proteins. We conclude that simultaneous application of red light and NAA+GA_3 treatment may induce synergistic effect in the synthesis of total proteins and thylakoid membrane proteins.