Background: Despite its anticancer activity, cisplatin exhibits severe testicular toxicity when used in chemotherapy. Owing to its wide application in cancer therapy, the reduction of damage to normal tissue is of imminent clinical need. In this study, we evaluated the effects of catechin hydrate, a natural flavon-3-ol phytochemical, on cisplatin-induced testicular injury. Methods: Type 2 mouse spermatogonia (GC-1 spg cells) were treated with 0-100 μM catechin and cisplatin. Cell survival was estimated using a cell proliferation assay and Ki-67 immunostaining. Apoptosis was assessed via flow cytometry with the Dead Cell Apoptosis assay. To determine the antioxidant effects of catechin hydrate, Nrf2 expression was measured using qPCR and CellROX staining. The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by analyzing the gene and protein expression levels of iNOS and COX2 using qPCR and immunoblotting. Results: The 100 μM catechin hydrate treatment did not affect healthy GC-1 spg cells but, prevented cisplatin-induced GC-1 spg cell death via the regulation of anti-oxidants and inflammation-related molecules. In addition, the number of apoptotic cells, cleaved-caspase 3 level, and BAX gene expression levels were significantly reduced by catechin hydrate treatment in a cisplatin-induced GC-1 spg cell death model. In addition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory marker genes, including Nrf2 , iNOS, and COX2 were significantly downregulated by catechin hydrate treatment in cisplatintreated GC-1 cells. Conclusions: Our study contributes to the opportunity to reintroduce cisplatin into systemic anticancer treatment, with reduced testicular toxicity and restored fertility.

In order to develop catechin patches for skin regeneration at wound sites, patches with varying concentrations of catechin and chitosan were manufactured. An optimal composition ratio was determined by adjusting the drug release rate and amount, to maximize efficiency. The catechin used in this study was extracted from green tea leaves using a solvent/ultrasonication method, and its characteristics were confirmed through Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. Patches were prepared with different concentrations of catechin and chitosan, and various properties were analyzed using techniques such as FT-IR, water contact angle analysis, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. It was observed that as the chitosan concentration increased, the release of catechin slowed down or almost ceased. A patch manufactured with 1.5 mg/cm2 of catechin at a 1 % chitosan concentration exhibited a high initial release rate over 24 h and demonstrated cellular biocompatibility. Consequently, these patches, with tailored release characteristics based on the concentrations of chitosan and catechin, hold promise for use as drug delivery systems in wound healing applications.

Fluorescent probe were used to evaluate the effects of catechin on the structural parameters (annular lipid fluidity, transbilayer lateral and rotational mobility and protein clustering) of the Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane (OPGs). An experimental procedure was used on the basis of selective quenching of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py) by trinitrophenyl groups and radiationless energy transfer from the tryptophans of membrane proteins to Py-3-Py and DPH. Catechin increased the bulk lateral and rotational mobility, annular lipid fluidity of OPGs lipid bilayers, and had greater fluidizing efficacy on the outer monolayer than the inner monolayer. It also caused membrane proteins to cluster. Based on these effects of catechin on OPGs, the antibacterial and antiviral actions of catechin can be partially explained.

본 연구는 건강기능식품 프랑스해안송껍질추출물 중 catechin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, taxifolin에 대한 동시분석법을 개발하는 연구이다. 최적분석조건을 확립하기 위해 시료 채취량, 용매 조건을 비교 검토하였으며, UPLCMS/ MS를 이용하여 각 4개 성분에 대한 정확한 분석 및 분석시간의 효율성도 향상하였다. 분석 시 사용한 컬럼은 Acquity UPLC BEH C18이며, 정량이온으로 catechin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, taxifolin 각각 133, 135, 245 및 248을 선정하였다. 확립된 시험법에 대해 특이성, 직선성, 검출한계, 정량한계, 정확성, 정밀성 등의 밸리데이션을 수행하였다. 4개 성분 모두 50-25000 mg/L 농도에서 결정계수(R2) 0.999이상으로 높은 직선성을 확인하였다. 또한 회수율은 84.9-104%이었고, 정밀성은 1.2-4.3%의 RSD를 확인하였다. 개발된 시험법은 프랑스해안송껍질추출물 중 catechin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, taxifolin 분석을 위한 시험법으로 활용되기에 적합한 것으로 판단된다.

The physiologically advantageous aspects of green tea have been identified recently and green tea has been a favorite drink of many people. Due to the increased awareness of green tea’s positive effects on human health, the demand for foods containing green tea has increased. This has led to the development of diverse green tea-related beverages; thereby many companies in Korea have put a wide variety of manufactured green tea beverages on the market. However, the components within green tea beverages have not been examined in Korea yet. In this study, we investigated the contents of the physiologically functional materials found in green tea, such as catechin, catechin gallate, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatecin gallate, gallocatechin gallate and caffeine. Fifty-six green tea products purchased from the local grocery stores and cafes were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. As a result, all tested products contained catechin and caffeine, although the amount of each component was largely different. The total amount of catechin derivatives in the manufactured green tea beverages purchased from cafes was 263.17 mg/L, while they were 61.99 mg/L in the beverages purchased from the local grocery stores. And, to the almost samples the amount of caffeine was proportional to the amount of catechin.

하동지역에서 생산되는 잎 녹차(우전, 세작, 중작, 대작)에 함유되어 있는 catechin류, alkaloid류 및 theanine를 HPLC를 이용하여 분석을 함과 동시에 녹차 추출물을 이용하여 총 페놀 물질과 항산화능을 측정하였다. Catechin류와 alkaloid류, theanine, 총 페놀 화합물의 함량은 물 추출물 보다 80% 알코올 추출물에서 더 높았다. 총 catechin과 alkaloid의 함량은 80% 에탄올로 추출한 우전 (172.33 mg/g, 30.80 mg/g)에서 가장 높았다. Theanine의 함량도 80% 에탄올 추출물에서 높았고 55.36에서 37.48 mg/g의 범위였다. 녹차의 총페놀 화합물은 우전에서 가장 높았고, DPPH법, FTC법 및 TBA법을 이용한 항산화 활성 측정에서도 우전에서 높은 결과를 나타내었다.

Using green tea(GT), oolong tea(OT), black tea(BT) and green tea bag(GTB) out of tea products in market, this study quantified polyphenol and catechins as anti-oxidant substances and analyzed their respective anti-oxidant capacities. As a result, more epigallocathechin(EGC) was found in GT and GTB as well as caffein(CAF) in GT and BT. GT contained more epigallocathechin gallate(EGCG) than other tea types. Both FRAP and ORAC, as two methods of analyzing anti-oxidant capacities, showed that GTB had highest anti-oxidant capacities, while OT had lowest of all. By brand, it was found that all the 3 brands of GT had similarly high anti-oxidant capacities, but there were differences in the anti-oxidant activities of GTB and BT depending on brand. Out of catechin components, it was found that epicatechin(EC), epicathechin gallate(ECG) and EGCG were major components affecting anti-oxidant capacities.

본 연구에서는 수컷 랫드에 DEHP를 투여하여 실험적으로 생식 독성을 유발하고, vitamin E와 catechin을 단독 및 병용 투여하여 수컷 랫드에서 정소의 조직학적 변화, 정액 특성의 변화 및 정자의 운동성 변화 등을 조사하여 그 예방 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. DEHP를 투여한 군은 대조군에 비해 정자농도, 정자 생존율, 정상 정자율이 감소하였다. DEHP에 의한 생식 독성을 예방하기 위해 vitamin E와 catechin을 단독 또는 병행

녹차카테킨은 다양한 생리활성을 지닌 것으로 알려지고 있다. 본 실험에서는 사염화탄소와 갈락토사민으로 유발된 간독성에 대한 녹차카테킨의 간기능보호효과가 연구되었다. 녹차카테킨(50 mg/kg와 100 mg/kg)은 사염화탄소(0.5 ml/kg)와 갈락토사민(400 mg/kg)이 투여되기 전 그리고 투여 후 3일동안 흰쥐에 경구투여되었고, 간기능지표로 AST와 ALT를 측정하였다. 녹차카테킨(50 mg/kg)은 사염화탄소 처리된 랫드에서 상승된 혈중 AST와 ALT활성을 전투여군(262±11, 80±19 에서 153±33, 55±25로)과 후투여군(156±40, 105±3에서 106±22, 55±9로)모두 감소시켰다. 또한 갈락토사민으로 유도한 경우에도 AST와 ALT 수치는 전투석군(576±24, 276±68에서 236±13. 115±13로) 후 투여군(233±54, 137±11에서 119±23, 44±17로)에서 모두 유의성있게 감소된 결과를 나타내었다 또한 간 조직학적 검사에서도 사염화탄소와 갈락토사민으로 유도된 간경변을 유의성있게 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 녹차카테킨은 간독성에 의한 병변을 예방 및 치료할 수 있는 신약후보물질로서의 가능성을 시사한다.

The main constituent of green tea, catechins have been reported to have numberous biological activites including antimutagenic, antibacterial, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant and antitumor properties. In the present study, we examined the protective effect of catechin on UVB-induced skin damage. Catechin (3 mg/mouse) was topically treated to dosal area of SHK-1 hairless mouse daily for 2 weeks. UVB (100 mJ/㎠) was also treated soon after application of catechin alone or with catechin for 2 weeks. Catechin reduced UVB-induced infiltration of inflammatory cells, fibrosis of cells and collagen-fiber formation. In addition, catechin also prevented UVB-induced DNA fragmentation and apoptosis cell number, but not changed p53 level. Furthermore catechin inhibited UVB-induced cell proliferation. There results showed that catechin have preventive effect against UVB-induced skin damages, and these effects could contribute to the antitumor promotors activity.

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum re-extraction conditions of ethanol from catechin in Korean green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) using response surface methodology (RSM). The experiments were carried out according to a five level and two variable central composite design (CCD). The two independent variables were solvent ratio to sample content (1, 4, 7, 10, 13 mL/g) and extraction temperature (-20, -10, 0, 10, 20℃) on the dependent variables including yield, epigallocatechin (EGC), epicathchin (EC), epigallocatechingallate (EGCG), epicatechingallate (ECG), total catechin and caffeine. ANOVA results showed that Coefficients of determination (R2) of estimated models for dependent variables were ranged from 0.9054~0.9778, while R2 of caffeine were estimated 0.8770. The optimum ranges for the maximized extraction including yield, EGC, EC, EGCG, ECG, caffeine and total catechin were 4.5~7.5 mL/g in ratio of ethanol to sample and -8~8℃ in extraction temperature. The actual values of yield, EGC, EC, EGCG, ECG, caffeine and total catechin, respectively, at the optimized conditions were 35.02%, 13.31%, 3.978%, 19.11%, 4.29%, 5.30% and 40.68%

Thermal processing of (+)-catechin was carried out at 121℃ for different reaction times (1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 h). The reacted products, compounds (1) and (2), were isolated and quantified via HPLC analysis. The antioxidant properties of processed (+)-catechin and its isolated compounds for different reaction time was measured via radical scavenging assays using DPPH and ABTS+ radicals. Additionally, the anti-obesity efficacy of the thermal treated (+)-catechin was evaluated via porcine pancreatic lipase assay. The reacted (+)-catechin for 3 h had a slightly higher antioxidant capacity than that the parent (+)-catechin. Products 1 and 2, which were isolated from the reacted mixture during 3 h, showed an antioxidant capacity, and these two compounds may be responsible for the antioxidant capacity of processed (+)-catechin. Simple thermal treatment of (+)-catechin can be used to produce (+)-epicatechin (1) and protocatechuic acid (2) with enhanced antioxidant and anti-adipogenic effects.

포도씨의 총 카테킨 함량과 추출물의 항산화성을 극대화하기 위한 마이크로웨이브 추출조건의 최적화를 시도하였다. 중심합성계획에 따라 추출조건(microwave power , 에탄올 농도 , 추출시간 )을 설계하고, 종속변수로서 추출물의 수율, 카테킨 함량 및 전자공여능을 회귀 분석함으로써 최적 추출조건을 예측하였다. 모든 회귀식의 는 0.9 이상으로 1% 수준에서 유의성이 인정되었다. 총 카테킨 함량의 최대 추출 값은 434.16 mg%로 예측되었으

지금까지 (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)는 인간의 피부에 유용한 녹차 카테킨 중에서 가장 강력한 항산화 성분으로 알려져 왔다. 본 연구팀은 용매, 온도, 압력 등 다양한 조건을 변화시키며, 멸균과정(autoclaving) 중에 발생하는 이성질체화(epimerization) 과정을 연구하여, gallocatechin-3-gallate (GCG) 함량이 크게 증가된 열전환-EGCG-복합체(heat-epimerzied-EGCG-mixture, HE-EGCG-mix)를 순수한 EGCG로부터 조제 하였다. 이러한 열전환-EGCG-복합체는 무모쥐 SKH-1을 이용한 실험에서, 손상된 피부 장벽의 회복 시에 인보루크린 7 (involucrin 7) 단백질의 발현량을 EGCG 처리 시보다 증가시킴을 확인하였다. 또한, in vitro 실험을 통하여 GCG는 PPAR-α에 대한 전이활성(transactivation) 효과가 EGCG보다 뛰어남을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 열전환-EGCG-복합체에 함유된 고함량의 GCG 성분에 의해서, 피부 장벽 손상 회복 시 PPAR에 의해 매개된 각질형성세포(keratinocyte)의 분화가 더욱 촉진될 수 있음을 암시한다. 따라서, EGCG의 C-2 에피머(epimer)인 GCG는 녹차 카테킨을 이용한 피부 장벽 개선 용도의 화장품과 건강식품 개발 시 주요 소재로 활용될 수 있다.

The present study was conducted to investigate the translocation of polyphenols, especially catechin derivatives, from mushroom medium mixed with green tea residues into fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii. Pleurotus eryngii was grown on the media incorporated by mixing or surface-treated with dry materials including leaf petioles and young stems or leaves of green tea. The dry materials treated in medium did not affect plant height and fresh weight of Pleurotus eryngii body. From the samples of Pleurotus eryngii, the eight main catechin derivatives (-)-gallocatechin(GC), (+)-catechin (C), (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and (-)-catechin gallate (EGCG), and caffeine were analyzed quantitatively by HPLC. The results showed that EGC in Pleurotus eryngii was 45% more detected, when incorporated with the dry materials, than untreated control. Especially, content of EGCG was increased in surface-treated Pleurotus eryngii up to 3.2 ppm, while it was not detected or reduced in control and other treatments. Caffeine content was greatly increased regardless of treatment method, compared with control (0.1ppm), showing 44 fold-amount in Pleurotus eryngii at early growth stage when incorporated with the dry materials into medium. The results indicates that functional catechin derivatives of green tea would be partly translocated into Pleurotus eryngii throught incorporation and surface treatment with residues of green tea plants.

해당화 뿌리는 우리나라 민간에서 당뇨병 치료제로 사용되는 약용식물이다. Bromobenzene으로 간독성을 유발한 흰쥐에 뿌리에서 분리한 화합물인 (+)-catechin을 경구투여하여 bromobenzene대사계에 미치는 효소활성을 간독성 물질인 bromobenzene 3,4-oxide 생성에 관여하는 효소인 aminopyrine N-demetylase와 aniline hydroxylase와 독성 epoxide 대사중간체를 무독화 시키는 epoxide hydrolase와 glutathione S-transferase에 활성을 관찰하였다. (+)-Catechin의 투여가 aminopyrine N-demetylase, aniline hydroxylase 및 glutathione S-transferase에 활성에는 영향을 주지 못하였으나, epoxide hydrolase는 positive control로 사용한 ascorbic acid에 미치지 못하지만, bromobenzene 처리군 보다 39% 효소활성을 회복 시켰다. 따라서, (+)-catechin은 간독성 물질을 무독화시키는 epoxide hydrolase의 활성을 회복시켜 간보호 활성을 나타냄을 알 수 있었으며, 해당화에서 분리한 사포닌 성분인 rosamultin도 이효소의 활성을 증가시킴으로 인해 보호활성을 나타내는 것으로 보고된바 있다.