This study investigates the effects of experiential marketing by categorizing fashion pop-up store experiences according to the strategic experiential modules (SEMs): sensory, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and relational. It analyzes how these experiential factors influence shopping flow, impulse buying, and word-of-mouth intentions. A survey was conducted with 400 participants, equally distributed by gender and age group (20 and 30-year-old). Valid responses from 320 participants were analyzed using factor analysis, reliability testing, correlation analysis, and regression analysis in SPSS. Findings revealed four key elements of experiential marketing: sensory/emotional, relational, cognitive, and behavioral. Sensory/emotional, relational, and cognitive factors positively affected shopping flow, which enhanced impulse buying and word-of-mouth intentions. However, behavioral factors did not have a significant effect. These results underscore the impact of experiential marketing on pop-up store customer behavior and highlight the understudied area of word-of-mouth marketing. The study specifically targeted consumers most likely to visit pop-up stores, ensuring practical significance by providing data to develop strategies for increasing experiential marketing efficiency. Additionally, the results identify the critical elements of experiential marketing in pop-up stores and examine how they interact with shopping flow and impulse buying. This research contributes valuable insights into optimizing consumer engagement in pop-up retail environments, emphasizing the importance of sensory and relational experiences in driving consumer behavior and addressing gaps in existing marketing literature.

Given the hazards posed by black ice, it is crucial to investigate the conditions that contribute to its formation. Two ensemble machinelearning algorithms, Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), were employed to forecast the occurrence of black ice using atmospheric data. Additionally, explainable artificial intelligence techniques, including Feature Importance (FI) and partial dependence Plot (PDP), were utilized to identify atmospheric conditions that significantly increase the likelihood of black ice formation. The machinelearning algorithms achieved a forecasting accuracy of 90%, demonstrating reliable performance. FI analysis revealed distinct key predictors between the algorithms: relative humidity was the most critical for RF, whereas wind speed was paramount for XGBoost. The PDP analysis identified the specific atmospheric conditions under which black ice was likely to form. This study provides detailed insights into the atmospheric precursors of frost/fog-induced black ice formation. These findings enable road managers to implement proactive winter road maintenance strategies, such as optimizing anti-icing patrol routes and displaying warnings on various message signs, thereby enhancing road safety.

목적 : 본 연구는 고령운전자의 운전면허 반납에 영향을 미치는 사회문화적 요인을 파악하고, 자발적 반납을 촉진하기 위 한 정책적 시사점을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구방법 : 2024년 11월부터 12월까지 한국도로교통공단 대전운전면허시험장에서 교통안전교육을 이수한 65세 이상 고령 운전자 200명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문은 일반적 특성, 사회적 요인, 경제적 요인, 문화적 요인 등 4개 범주 총 13개 변수를 포함하였고, 이분형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 운전면허 반납 의사에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 결과 : 분석 결과, 여성 고령운전자는 남성에 비해 운전면허를 자발적으로 반납할 가능성이 약 3.83배 높았으며(OR=0.257, p<.05), 직업활동이 없는 경우 반납 확률이 약 3.73배 높았다(OR=0.268, p<.01). 또한, 대체 교통수단이 충분하다고 인 식한 경우 반납 의사는 1.72배 증가하였고(OR=1.719, p<.01), 운전면허 반납 혜택을 긍정적으로 인식한 경우 반납 의사 는 1.66배 증가하였다(OR=1.655, p<.01). 결론 : 고령운전자의 운전면허 반납 의사는 성별, 경제활동 여부, 대체 교통수단 인식, 반납 혜택 인식 등 다양한 사회문 화적 요인의 영향을 받는 것으로 확인되었다. 이에 따라, 고령자의 특성과 지역적 교통 여건을 고려한 맞춤형 정책 수립 이 요구되며, 실질적 혜택 제공과 함께 지역사회 기반의 교통 인프라 확충이 필요하다.

본 연구는 갤러리카페의 체험 요소가 재방문의도와 구매의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 설문조사와 SPSS 25.0을 활용한 독립 표본 t -test, 일원변량분석(One way ANOVA), 회귀분석, 3단계 매개회귀분석 을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 갤러리카페의 재방문의도에는 미적, 엔터 테인먼트, 현실도피, 교육 체험 순으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나 타났다. 둘째, 구매의도에는 미적, 현실도피, 교육, 엔터테인먼트 체험 순 으로 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 재방문의도는 체험 요소와 구매의도 간의 관계 를 부분 매개하며, 이는 긍정적인 체험을 지속할수록 구매 행동으로 이어 질 가능성이 높음을 시사한다. 넷째, 중소 도시에서 수도권보다 교육 체험 과 현실도피 체험이 상대적으로 높게 나타난 점은 문화·예술 공간이 부족 한 지역일수록 갤러리카페가 대체 공간으로 기능할 가능성이 있음을 보여 준다. 다섯째, 중소 도시 방문자의 재방문의도가 수도권보다 높게 나타난 점은 갤러리카페가 단순한 전시 공간을 넘어 교육적·몰입형 체험을 제공하 는 공간으로 발전할 가능성을 시사한다. 따라서 갤러리카페는 미적 체험을 중심으로 감각적 즐거움을 극대화하고, 교육적 가치와 몰입형 체험을 강화 하는 전략을 통해 방문자의 재방문과 구매를 유도할 필요가 있다. 또한, 지역적 특성을 반영한 콘텐츠 개발과 소비자와의 정서적 연결을 강화하는 마케팅 전략을 도입함으로써 예술 매개 플랫폼으로서의 지속 가능한 경쟁 력을 확보해야 할 것이다.

With the rise of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) principles, an increasing number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have recognized the significant role of ESG. However, due to limited funding and resources, many SMEs are still confused about how to take the first step toward implementing ESG. This study focuses on 360 SMEs and employs SmartPLS 4.0 for data analysis. The results show that background driving factors (the necessity of ESG), as well as external pressure factors (government pressure, media pressure, and competitive pressure), all have a positive influence on SMEs’ intention to adopt ESG practices. Through a comparative analysis between South Korea and China, the study finds that there is no significant difference between the two countries in terms of the impact of the necessity of ESG on the adoption intention. However, government pressure has a more significant impact on the ESG adoption intention of SMEs in China than in South Korea. In contrast, media pressure and competitive pressure have a more significant effect on the intention of SMEs in South Korea than in China. This research provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing the understanding of SMEs' intentions to adopt ESG practices, which is crucial for promoting social responsibility and enhancing competitiveness. It also offers empirical supp.ort and policy recommendations for policymakers and SME managers, especially in the context of rapidly changing international economic and trade environments, multi-dimensional pressures, and sustainable development strategies.

본 연구에서는 헤르만 헤세의 1906년작 소설 『수레바퀴 밑에서』의 경험적 이야기를 토대로 청년기 발달과업에서의 주요요인인 자아정체 감과 미래지향목표를 향상시킬 수 있는 직·간접적 사례를 깊이 있게 탐 구하였다. 이 작품은 이원론적 대립구도를 설정하여 마울브론 신학교에 서의 체험을 토대로 자신을 짓누르는 가정과 학교의 종교적 전통, 고루 하고 위선적인 권위에 맞서 싸우는 어린 청년을 주인공으로 내세우고 있다. 그리고 인간의 창의성과 의지를 짓밟고 무한경쟁 교육시스템 속 에서 수레바퀴 아래에 깔려 신음하는 수많은 청년 ‘한스’들의 성장을 응원하기 위한 헤르만 헤세의 자전적 소설이다. 텍스트 내용을 분석한 결과, 자아정체감과 미래지향목표는 청년기 발달과업을 성공적으로 달성 해나가는데 주요요인인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 청년기 발달과업에 대한 강화요인으로서 자아정체감과 미래지향목표를 향상시킬 수 있는 방안을 논의하였다.

본 연구는 국내 중간관리자의 업무성향 형성 요인을 부르디외의 아비투스(habitus)와 장(field) 개념을 통해 탐구하였다. 조직구성원의 업무성향은 단일적이고 독립적인 특성으로 정의되기보다는 조직문화, 상 사/동료/팀원과의 관계, 직무, 역할 등 조직 내 다양한 요인들과 맥락 속에서 형성되는 복합적인 산물임을 확인하였다. 연구는 10년 이상 근속한 경험이 있는 중간관리자 6명을 대상으로 심층면담을 실시하여 개인적 경험과 사회화 과정을 중심으로 성향 형성 및 변화 과정을 분석하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 조직문화는 중간관리자의 업무성향 변화에 중요한 영향을 미쳤으며, 폐쇄적이고 경쟁적인 문화와 개방적이고 자유로 운 문화에서 각기 다른 업무성향 형성이 관찰되었다. 둘째, 상사와의 관계는 구성원의 업무성향 형성에 강한 영향을 미쳤으며, 긍정적 또는 부정적 영향에 따라 업무성향 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 셋째, 직무의 특성에 따라 성과를 내기 위해 필요한 업무성향이 달라졌으며, 참여자들은 자신의 기질과 업무 성향 간의 차이를 최소화하려는 노력을 기울였다. 넷째, 중간관리자의 역할이 부여된 이후 자신의 본성이나 기질을 더 강하게 쓰는 양상을 보였으며, 자신들의 과거 상사들의 영향을 받아 리더십을 발휘하는 모습을 보였다. 조직 내 업무성향은 다양한 사회적 맥락과 상호작용하며 변화 가능성이 있음을 강조한다. 이러한 결과 는 조직구성원의 업무성향을 기반으로 한 맞춤형 HRD 전략 수립과 팀워크, 갈등관리 등 다양한 조직관리 영역에서 실질적인 시사점을 제공한다. 향후 연구에서는 성향의 업무형성 요인 즉, 조직문화, 관계, 직무, 역할 4가지 외에 또 다른 업무성향 요인을 탐색하고, 반대로 행위자의 주체성이 조직에 어떤 영향을 미치 는지에 대한 양면적 과정을 심층적으로 연구할 필요성에 제기된다.

In the evolving global food industry, international certifications have become essential for seafood export companies to ensure product safety, quality, and sustainability, as well as to meet consumer demands and regulatory standards. This study analyzes the decision-making factors influencing the acquisition and maintenance of international certifications among Korean seafood export companies, using decision tree analysis. The research surveyed 134 seafood export companies, focusing on six key factors: corporate characteristics, environmental factors, input factors, organizational structure, company capabilities, and external relationships. The decision tree analysis revealed that among corporate characteristics, the size of sales revenue, number of employees, and proportion of exports were found to play significant roles. For environmental factors, specific demands from overseas buyers, shifting consumer preferences, and compliance with global standards were identified as having a major impact. Regarding input factors, certification costs, validity periods, and investments in processing facilities were revealed to be critical variables. Organizational factors such as managerial support and dedicated personnel, capability factors like inter-departmental collaboration and processing system capacity, and relationship factors including partnerships with certification and export support agencies were also critical in the certification process. This study identified various factors influencing the decision-making process for acquiring and maintaining international certifications among Korean seafood export companies and analyzed the importance of detailed variables for the first time. Additionally, it provides practical and policy-oriented implications to promote the adoption of international certifications as part of efforts to enhance the global competitiveness of Korean seafood. Furthermore, this study contributes to the academic understanding of the decision-making process related to international certifications in seafood export companies.

The purpose of this study is to examine learners’ perceptions of AI-based machine translation (MT) in high school ‘Reading British and American Literature’ classes. This research explored how students perceived the impact of MT on their class participation, learning motivation, confidence in English use, and improvement in English ability. The study also examined how the effectiveness of MT use differed according to students’ English proficiency levels. A total of 153 third-year students participated in a nine-week English literature course. Data were collected through an online survey and statistically analyzed. The findings reveal that students showed positive perceptions regarding class participation, learning motivation, confidence in English use, and improvement in English ability. Notably, participation in the English literature classes using AI-based MT was significantly higher than that in other English classes. Analysis by English proficiency levels showed no significant differences in class participation and affective factors (learning motivation and confidence). However, lower-proficiency learners perceived greater improvement in English proficiency compared to higher-proficiency learners. These results suggest that incorporating AI-based MT in English literature classes can create an inclusive learning environment that supports learners across different proficiency levels, particularly benefiting lower-proficiency students in terms of improvement in English ability.

In this study, when manufacturing a rectangular plate with a pinhole, the following conclusions were obtained as a result of analyzing the shape characteristics of the unit cell that fills the interior of the plate and the effect of changes in the size of the pinhole on the stress concentration coefficient. 1. The stress value generated in the case of the completely empty model was 13.9 MPa, which is an 18.8% increase in stress compared to the stress value 11.7 MPa generated in the fully filled model. However, since the weight of the empty model is 43.6% lower than that of the filled model, it is believed to be very advantageous in terms of cost. 2. The stress concentration coefficient value is lowest for the solid model and highest for the hollow model at the same d/H value. In other words, you can see that the values are changing within the boxes of the solid model and hollow model. However, the grid matching model is closest to the solid model and the filling rate is as low as 33.4-9.1%, showing the most stable strength when filling empty space.

본 연구는 청소년의 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인을 탐색하 기 위해 의사결정나무모형과 로지스틱 회귀분석을 활용하였다. 연구는 경 상북도 내 중학교 5개교에 재학 중인 1,716명의 학생들을 대상으로 수행 되었으며, 부모양육태도, 교사와의 관계, 친구관계, 사회정서역량 등을 주 요 독립변인으로 설정하였다. 분석은 SPSS 28.0과 Stata 16.0을 활용하 여 이루어졌으며, 기술통계, 상관관계분석, 의사결정나무모형, 로지스틱 회 귀분석 등을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 의사결정나무모형에서는 사회정서역 량 중 자기인식(자기개념)이 삶의 만족도에 가장 중요한 요인으로 확인되 었으며, 부모양육태도 중 따뜻함과 자율지지, 친구관계, 그리고 자기관리 (목표관리)와 (정서조절)도 주요한 영향을 미치는 변수로 나타났다. 로지스 틱 회귀분석에서는 부모양육태도(따뜻함(OR=1.700), 자율지지(OR=1.549)), 교사와의 관계(OR=1.508), 친구관계(OR=1.893), 사회정서역량 중 자기인 식(자기개념)(OR=1.646)과 자기관리(정서조절(OR=1.365), 목표관리(OR=1.279)) 가 삶의 만족도를 유의미하게 예측하였다. 이 연구는 청소년들의 삶의 만 족도를 향상시키기 위해 가정과 학교에서 제공하는 사회적 지지 및 사회 정서역량 개발의 중요성을 강조하며, 이를 위한 교육적·정책적 개입 방안 을 제시한다. 향후 연구에서는 다양한 지역과 연령대를 포함한 종단적 연 구를 통해 보다 일반화된 결과를 도출할 필요가 있다.

The objectives of the study were to examine food waste generation and reduction efforts at home, and to identify factors affecting the intention to reduce food waste. A total of 3,321 food buyer responses were used from the 2022 Consumer Behavior Survey for Food of the Korea Rural Economic Institute. Statistical methods for a complex sample were applied by using a SPSS program (ver. 26.0). The average daily food waste generation per household significantly differed by the main food purchaser’s age and household size. Plate waste and food waste from preparation were the main types of food waste. A multiple regression analysis revealed that intention to reduce food waste was influenced by the main types of food waste, the average daily amount of food waste, the perceived amount of food waste, and the perceived importance of food waste reduction after adjusting for the age of the main food purchaser and household size. Since the amount of food waste was affected by a series of food behaviors as well as consumer’s intention to reduce waste, empirical research on the types and amounts of food waste generated in Korean households and qualitative research on behaviors and attitude affecting food waste are needed.

This study examined the intake status and the factors affecting intake of functional foods using the data from Consumer Behavior Survey for Food by the Korea Rural Economic Institute. Among the total respondents, 80.4% took functional foods, and the number of respondents who took two types of functional foods was the highest. The main reason for taking functional foods was to prevent disease, and the main places of purchase of functional foods were off-line large supermarkets, on-line shopping malls, and pharmacies. Compared to a year ago, the percentage of increase in functional food purchases this year was higher than the percentage of decrease. The most common reasons for not taking functional foods were ‘not feeling the need’ and ‘not trusting the quality’. As a result of conducting a complex samples logistic regression analysis to identify the factors affecting the intake of functional foods, gender, age, marital status, illness state, alcohol drinking, and convenience-seeking type among dietary lifestyles were significant.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of cultural competence of hospital nurses and identify factors influencing cultural competence based on general and cultural characteristics. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design and 167 nurses who had been caring for foreign patients for past 1 year. Cultural competence, which is composed of four sub-dimensions (values related to cultural perception, cultural knowledge, cultural sensitivity, and cultural skills), personal and cultural characteristics were measured. Results: The participants were all women, with the mean age of 31.81±6.88 years, and clinical career was 8.76±6.81 years. Cultural competence score was 5.28±0.63 out of 7. Having a foreign friends, position, participation in foreign language classes, and working place had significant influence on hospital nurses’ cultural competence. The explained variance for cultural competence was 21.8%. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that nurses provide care by understanding patients with diverse cultural backgrounds and their health-related needs. To enhance the cultural competence of hospital nurses, systematic practical education and active organizational support based on standardized guidelines for caring for foreign patients are necessary.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the impact of resilience and learning agility on organizational commitment among nurses who experienced job rotation. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted with a convenience sample of 180 nurses who experienced job rotation within one year at a university hospital in C city. Data were collected from July to August 2022. A total of 176 valid responses were analyzed using scales measuring organizational commitment, resilience, and learning agility. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression using the SPSS 27.0 program. Results: The results demonstrated that resilience emerged as the most significant predictor of organizational commitment among nurses who experienced job rotation, followed by satisfaction with their current department and the reason for departmental change. Conclusion: The results indicate that resilience significantly influences organizational commitment among job-rotated nurses. Future research should focus on developing and implementing programs to enhance resilience among nurses who experience job rotation, thereby improving their organizational commitment.

In this study, we aim to classify personal mobility (PM)-related traffic crash data into four categories: PM-to-vehicle, PM-to-pedestrian, PM-single, and vehicle-to-PM crashes, and analyze the factors influencing the severity of each crash type. To overcome the limitations of existing studies in explaining the impact of independent variables on ordinal dependent variables, a random forest model was combined with the Shapley additive explanation technique. This approach visualizes the influence of independent variables on a dependent variable, providing clearer insights and enhancing interpretability. The analysis of PM traffic accidents, categorized into at-fault, single-vehicle, and victim accidents, revealed distinct key factors for each type. The main contributors to the severity of crashes caused by PM are traffic violations by teenagers and collisions with elderly pedestrians. Single-vehicle accidents were predominantly caused by overturn incidents, with inadequate driving skills among PM users aged 40 years and older, and significantly increasing severity. Victim accidents primarily occur at intersections, where the behavior of the at-fault driver and age of the PM user are critical factors influencing the severity. We identified various factors influencing the severity of PM crashes by type, highlighting the need for tailored policy measures. Proposed policies include physically separating bicycle–pedestrian shared spaces and strictly regulating illegal PM sidewalk riding, introducing PM licenses for teenagers to ensure compliance with traffic rules, and implementing regular safety education programs for all age groups. Although this study applied a new analytical technique, it relied on limited crash data, thus limiting the results to estimates.

This study is a descriptive research conducted to identify the levels of self-directed learning ability, class participation, and learning satisfaction in the online learning environment of university students, and to examine the relationships among them and their effects on learning satisfaction. The subjects of this study were 172 students enrolled in a four-year university located in J province. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 program, with frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's post-hoc test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study showed that the mean score for self-directed learning was 3.73±0.47, for class participation was 3.00±0.54, and for learning satisfaction was 3.44±0.74. The factors influencing learning satisfaction were class participation and major satisfaction. This study suggests that class participation and major satisfaction affect learning satisfaction in an online learning environment. . Therefore, as a method to enhance learning satisfaction in online learning environments, it is necessary to adopt various teaching methods that increase class participation and design learner-centered courses that consider major satisfaction

The global character market is expanding worldwide. Many character brands are being newly launched in a number of countries, reflecting character features that appeal more to the target market. Uzbekistan is one of the countries showing rapid economic growth, and it is in the early stage of accepting diverse character brands and goods. This study aims to explore the determinants of the purchase intention of character goods among Uzbekistan consumers. Specifically, it investigates the effect of character features (i.e., dynamism, familiarity, similarity, and attractiveness) on ‘attitudes toward characters’ and ‘the fit of characters to goods’. Further, it examines the impact of ‘attitudes toward characters’ and ‘the fit of characters to goods’ on the purchase intention of character goods. A total of 250 Uzbek consumers aged 18 and older participated in the online experimental survey with stimuli (i.e., images of characters). The results revealed that the familiarity and attractiveness of characters positively influenced ‘attitudes toward characters’, while their dynamism did not. Moreover, the similarity of characters negatively influenced ‘attitudes toward characters’ and ‘the fit of characters to goods’. In addition, familiarity, attractiveness, and dynamism positively influenced ‘the fit of characters to goods’. Both ‘attitudes toward characters’ and ‘the fit of characters to goods’ positively affected the purchase intention of character goods. In conclusion, to effectively target the Uzbekistan market, character goods should emphasize familiarity and attractiveness, with careful consideration of dynamism and similarity to address cultural and religious differences across countries.

This study investigated the seasonal variations and environmental factors influencing soil respiration in Quercus mongolica forests at three distinct sites in South Korea: Mt. Jeombongsan, Mt. Namsan, and Mt. Jirisan. Monthly soil respiration rates were measured from 2009 to 2010 using a closed chamber method, alongside assessments of soil temperature, moisture, and organic matter. Results revealed significant seasonal and spatial variability, with the highest respiration rates recorded during summer months. Soil temperature was identified as the primary driver of respiration, showing strong positive correlations across all sites (R2=0.64 - 0.88). The temperature sensitivity (Q10) values ranged from 2.7 at Mt. Namsan to 5.7 at Mt. Jeombongsan, underscoring the heightened vulnerability of cooler, high-altitude forests to warming. Soil moisture had a dual role, promoting respiration at moderate levels but inhibiting it under saturated conditions, particularly at Mt. Jirisan. Soil organic matter content exhibited an inverse relationship with respiration rates, indicating that substrate quality, rather than quantity, predominantly governs microbial activity. Plant-soil interactions, including root respiration and litterfall decomposition, further modulated respiration patterns, with site-specific differences reflecting variations in vegetation density and ecosystem structure. These findings highlight the complexity of soil carbon dynamics in temperate forests and the critical influence of environmental factors and plant-soil processes. The study provides essential insights for improving carbon cycling models and informs climate-resilient forest management strategies. Future research should prioritize long-term monitoring and experimental manipulations to better predict soil respiration under changing climatic conditions.