This study assessed the nutrient consumption of children from lunch at day care centers and kindergartens. A total of 184 lunch plates were selected in two child day care centers and two kindergartens in Seoul. Weights of the menus in planned meals were measured and amount of served and consumed lunches were calculated using a digital photography technique. Nutrients of the planned, served, and consumed lunches were assessed using CAN-Pro 4.0 and the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) was calculated for each meal. Compared with the estimated energy requirement for lunch for 3-5 year old children, the planned meals of the child day care centers and kindergartens contributed 42.8% and 98.8% of the daily energy requirements, respectively. At a child day care center, a served meal provided more nutrients than a planned meal since some children requested more servings after eating the served meals. This showed that the planned meal did not meet children’s needs as well as the nutrient requirements. At the other child care center, children were served less than the planned meal by 6.8%, which resulted in serving less energy, calcium, potassium, and vitamin C than the required nutrients for lunch. Kindergarten A served meals with the energy requirement for lunch of 101.8%, but Kindergarten B served a meal with the energy requirement of 83.5%. Since the served portions were too small to meet nutrient requirements of the children, they consumed almost all the food served, and their nutrient consumption was similar to the nutrients served. Even though they consumed all the food served, their nutrient consumption did not meet their nutritional requirements. When assessed by INQ, the quality of the meal was good; children could consume enough nutrients when served proper quantity. Teachers who are responsible for serving meals need to be educated on proper portion sizes and how to encourage children to practice healthy eating. To promote healthy eating among children, parents need to provide children with messages consistent with what they have learned at institutions and to be a good role model in daily dietary life.

본 연구는 현재 시행중인 노인장기요양보험제도 중 주야간보호서비스 수가 책정에 대한 적합한 개선방안의 정책을 제안하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법은 2019년과 2020년 주야간보호서비스 수가를 4개 주야간보호센터별 청구 모델을 작성하고 비교하여 문제점과 개선방안을 찾고자 했으며 현행 노인장기요양보험 제도 중 주야간보호서비스 수가 책정에 대한 문제점 및 개선방안의 정책제안은 다음과 같다. 문제점은 첫째, 주야간보호서비스 2020년 수가 인상 적절성 문제, 둘째, 주야간보호서비스 시설의 운영 문제, 셋째, 주야간보호 프로그램 서비스 질 문제 그리고 넷째, 재정의 안정적 확보 문제를 이야기 할 수 있다. 이에 대한 대안으로 첫째 적절한 수가인상 체계 마련, 둘째 인건비와 운영비를 분리 지급, 셋째 수가 정액제, 넷째 미이용일수 수가 적용 확대, 다섯째 월 한도액 현실화 도입을 제안하였다.

In this study, we measured the concentration of Particulate Matter(PM10), Formaldehyde(HCHO), and Total Bacteria Count (TBC) at two facilities: day care centers, and postnatal care centers located in the cities of Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Jeolla and Gyeongsang from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2015. PM10 concentration was similar to the day care centers and postnatal care centers. HCHO concentration was the highest in the postnatal care centers. TBC concentration was the highest in the day care centers. Comparing the different cities, PM10 concentration was the highest in Gyeonggi, HCHO concentration was the highest in Gyeonggi, and TBC concentration was the highest in Gyeonggi. As a result of HCHO's risk assessment, it was found that adults exceeded the carcinogenicity tolerance of 10−6 specified by the US EPA. This study is expected to be helpful in preventing damage to health from the contaminated indoor air at sensitive facilities, and can be used as basic data for indoor air quality management.

본 연구의 대상은 서울지역과 경기도지역에 소재한 가정어린이집에 근무하는 보육교사 319 명이다. CCTV 설치에 대한 보육교사의 인식을 알아본 결과, CCTV 설치 의무화 이후 CCTV가 100% 설치되어 있었으며, 문제행동 수정용을 위해 영아에게 CCTV 설치가 필요하다고 인식 하였고 CCTV를 활용에 관한 보육교사의 인식을 알아본 결과, 안전사고 예방과 문제발생시 확인하는 ‘안심보육’의 용도가 가장 높았으며 전반적으로 아동학대 예방에 효과가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. CCTV의 교육적 활용은 ‘영아의 자유놀이 관찰 및 분석’이 가장 높았으며 CCTV 설치로 인해 가장 혜택 받는다고 생각하는 집단은 ‘부모와 영아’로 나타났다. CCTV의 설치로 ‘보육시설과 교사에 대한 부모의 인식’이 긍정적으로 바뀌었으며 반면 ‘교사와 아동의 사생활 침해’라는 부정적 인식이 나타났다. 마지막으로 CCTV 설치 후에 느끼는 변화 차이를 살펴본 결과, CCTV를 설치한 후 교사들은 변화를 인식 하지 못하고 있었으며 CCTV 설치 필요성에 관계없이 전반적인 반응은 영아를 대하거나 말할 때, 행동할 때 제약을 받는 다고 인식하였다.

The indoor level of phthalates in children-facilities was assessed in this study. The samples of house dust were collected at various children's facilities (40 day-care houses, 42 child-care centers, 44 kindergartens, and 42 indoor playgrounds) in summer (Jul~Sep, 2007) and winter (Jan~Feb, 2008) periods, and analyzed by GC-MS. The DEHP was detected in almost every sample (detection rate : 99%) and the detection rate of DnBP and BBzP was more than 80%. The average concentrations of DEHP, DEP, DnBP, and BBzP in house dust were 388 ㎍/g dust, 37㎍/g dust, 108㎍/g dust and 349㎍/g dust, respectively. The relationship between construction period and DEHP level was statistically significant. But, other factors such as flooring material, construction period and water leakage were not statistically significant relationship with phthalates levels. The Phthalate levels were similar or more higher than other the European country.

This study was conducted to develop and evaluate food menus after investigating eating behaviors and food preferences of preschool children. Parents of the preschool children In 2 Gumi City day-care centers completed questionnaires in July 2003, which were used to assess eating behaviors and food preferences of their preschool children. Analysis of the questionnaires led to the development of the menus. Menus (n=10) were developed for five different categories (two menus were developed for each category) including general menu, unbalanced menu, anemia menu, obese menu, and traditional menu. The preschool children(n=656) evaluated the menus as they were provided with each them throughout October 2003. The five score scale method was used to evaluate taste, smell, looks, texture and general preference of each menu. Results in eating behaviors showed that 70.7% of preschool children had unbalanced eating behaviors. No gender based differences in eating behaviors were found, but in regard to food preferences boys tended to prefer carbonated drinks more than girls. Results indicated that among all menus, fruit ranked highest (3.97±0.65) for food preference, and vegetables ranked lowest for food preference (2.46±0.68). Food preference in regard to cooking process indicated the highest preference was for fried foods (3.80±0.68) and the lowest preference was for raw vegetables (2.61±1.27) and namul (2.85±1.13). Preference for taste ranked the highest (4.30±0.91) but preference for looks recorded the lowest (3.95±0.89). Of all the foods in the menus, steamed tofu rated the highest for individual food item preference, while tuna sesame leaf rice rated the lowest preference. Statistical analysis of interrelationships among food taste, smell, looks, texture and general preference were significant (p〈0.0l). Results from this study suggest that various factors including food taste, smell, looks, and texture influence the food preferences of preschool children. Therefore, it is concluded that by developing a variety of appetizing menus for use at home and in day-care centers, containing varied food items and cooking methods, preschool children will be encouraged to increase their food preferences and to establish appropriate eating behaviors.

A nutrition education program for teachers and caregivers of the preschool children can be most effective when it is based on a comprehensive needs assessment dealing with sociodemographic factors, dietary habits, and nutrition. The purpose of the present study was to investigate current dietary habits and nutrition knowledge of the teachers and caregivers of the day-care centers. Two hundred forty two teachers and caregivers were administered a questionnaire which was designed to ascertain informations on sociodemographic data, dietary habits and nutrition knowledge. Dietary habits of the teachers were found to be significantly different by sociodemographic variables; breakfast skipping/meal irregularities (age, p=0.011); frequency of snacking (education level p=0.031); preference for salty taste(age, p = 0.000, marital status p=0.038); preference for sweet tarte (age p=0.009); preference for vegetables (income level p=0.050); frequency of eating out (age p=0.028, marital status p=0.001); frequency of coffee drinking (age p=0.019). Daycare center teachers' nutrition knowledge level was found to be less than adequate expecially on nutrients that are liable to be deficient in young growing children and their food sources. Proportions of the teachers who answered correctly to the questions on foods rich in vitamin A, iron content of milk, bioavailability of calcium in plant foods were as low as 20.2%-54.5%. The most frequently used sources of nutrition information were mass media such as TV, radio, newspaper and magazines. Only 2.9% of the subjects reported that they obtain nutrition information from health professionals such as nutritionists/dietitians, physicians, and nurses. These findings are applicable at the planning and implementation stages of various nutrition programs for the improvement of dietary habits and nutrition knowledge of the teachers and caregivers of the daycare centers. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of teachers' dietary of habits and nutrition knowledge on food habits of young growing children.

The purpose of the study was to develop computer-based menu planning program for day-care centers maximizing food preference score among children and satisfying such constraints as expense, nutrients, and season. Children's preference about 142 menu items was surveyed among 382 children of day-care centers. A 16-bit personal computer compatible with IBM-PC/AT was used. The data base files were created by dBASE III Plus, and processing programs were created by using FORTRAN language. Children preferred bread or a la carte menu items to cooked rice in main dish category. Deep fat fried or stir-fried menu items were more preferred than kimchi or cooked vegetables in side dish category. Preference scores for menu items were influenced by cooking methods or main ingredients. The contents of the computerized system show that when the program runs, the user should type inputs of cycle, season, and menu pattern, then the computer lists a series of menu satisfying the criteria of constraints. The user can examine and select a set of menu from the menu lists. Menus are generated seasonally. Menu lists are generated weekly and monthly basis with the contents of menu items, preference scores and price. Nutrient reports are also generated on a weekly and monthly basis with the contents of calories, 12 nutrients and price. Recipes for each menu items are also generated.

본 연구에서는 치매노인 주･야간보호 시설인 서울형 데이케어(day-care) 센터를 대상으로 하여 재활프로그램 효용성에 대한 인식과 원예치료 프로그램 실태와 적정 수준을 연구하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서울형 데이케어 센터에서는 재활프로그램의 효용성을 음악치료(mean=4.18), 원예치료(4.12), 미술치료(3.99) 기타치료(3.83), 회상치료(3.74)의 순으로 효용성을 높게 인식하고 있었으나 둘째, 재활프로그램 제공빈도에 있어서는 미술치료 28.3%(n=54), 음악치료 27.2%(52), 기타치료 16.8%(32), 원예치료 15.2%(29), 회상치료 12.6%(24) 순으로 제공하는 것으로 응답되었다. 또한 원예치료 제공실태와 적정수준 인식에서도 차이가 있었는데 프로그램 활동내용에서는 꽃꽂이 등 장식활동을 48.8%(n=62) 가장 많이 제공하고 있으나 실외 식물심기 및 관리(텃밭, 화단활동)이 가장 필요한 프로그램으로 50.4%(64) 응답되었다. 프로그램 진행장소는 실내 프로그램실에서 90.6%(115) 가장 많이 제공하고 있으나 텃밭 또는 화단 63.8%(81)이 가장 필요한 장소로 응답되었다. 재료비는 3천 5백원 이하가 가장 많이 제공 43.3%(55)되나 적정 재료비로는 5천원 이하가 가장 적정 44.1% (56) 하다고 응답되었다. 셋째, 원예치료 프로그램 제공은 서울 강남･북지역 간의 차이와 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고 통계적으로도 유의한 것으로 나타났으나(x2=9.087**, p= .003), 현행 서울시 프로그램 보조금은 원예치료 프로그램 제공과 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다(x2=3.749, p= .053). 넷째, 원예치료 프로그램 예산은 적정 재료비 확보가 가장 불충분(mean=2.29)하다고 응답되었으며 프로그램 활성화를 위하여 프로그램 운영비 현실화를 위한 보조금의 지원 확대가 가장 높게(mean=4.30) 응답되었고 원예치료적 환경 조성(4.19)과 다양한 프로그램 개발(4.15)이 필요하다고 응답되었다.