감성이 중요시되고 있는 시대가 발전함에 따라 미래 시대에 필요한 인재를 양성하기 위한 교육 분야에서도 감성과학과 관련된 교육이 요구되는 시점이다. 본 논문은 초등학교 저학년 학생을 위한 감성과학을 학습할 수 있는 융합인재교육 프로그램을 개발하고 수업에 적용해봄으로써, 가능성과 효과적인 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 첫째, 감성과학을 교육하기에 적합한 융합인재교육(STEAM) 방식을 채택하여 초등학교 1~2학년을 대상으로 한 ‘도형으로 만드는 마음’을 개발하였다. 감성과학 관련 STEAM의 이론적 배경과 벤치마킹을 실시하고, 초등학교 해당 학년 교과서를 기반으로 한 구체적인 수업 내용과 활동 및 교재와 키트 등을 개발하였다. 둘째, 개발된 프로그램을 두 학급에 시범적으로 적용하여 만족도 조사와 교사 인터뷰 등을 통해 결과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 전체 만족도 평균은 매우 높게(4.40/5) 나왔으며 특히, ‘수업 참여도’에 대한 만족도가 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 분석 결과를 바탕으로 개발한 프로그램에 대한 가능성과 가치, 한계점 등을 논한다. 본 연구 결과는 과학에 대한 직접적인 이해가 어려운 초등학교 저학년을 대상으로 감성과학에 대해 쉽고 흥미롭게 접근할 수 있는 교육 프로그램이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 교육을 통해 감성과학을 효과적으로 이해하고, 감성 중심 시대를 선도할 인재를 양성하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

This study was conducted to investigate the nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary behaviors, smartphone usagerelated dietary habits, and health-related lifestyles of higher grade students in elementary school according to risk level of smartphone overdependence. Subjects were 286 fifth and sixth grade students of elementary school in the Siheung and Ansan areas. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS v. 20.0. Based on scores of S-scale (smartphone overdependence scale for adolescents), subjects who used smartphone were classified into an overdependence group (ODG, n=52) and a normal group (NG, n=234). The ODG showed a significantly longer usage time than NG on both weekdays and weekends (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in total scores of nutrition knowledge between the ODG and NG. Average total scores of dietary attitude and dietary behavior in the ODG were significantly lower than in the NG (p<0.001). There were higher risks of ODG for skipping meals (OR=8.3, 95% CI=4.027-17.099), changing eating speed (OR=4.4, 95% CI=2.209-8.822), and changing meal amount due to smartphone usage (OR=2.9 95% CI=1.233-6.623). Therefore, education programs are needed to ensure proper dietary behaviors and habits among smartphone overdependent elementary school students.

The objective of this study to investigate the satisfaction of elementary and middle school students in Chungnam province. We surveyed related to school food service, concerns about food ingredients and dietary life, perceptions of free school food service and satisfaction the quality and management of the school food service. Furthermore, this survey with the previous. Compared to year, frequency of education related to school food service and concerns about food ingredients and dietary life. Perception on free school food service increased 1.2%, not statistically significant. Satisfaction for the quality of the school food service statistically significant increase compared to 2015. ore individuals educated the foods’ countyof- origin and a higher concern the food materials and dietary life, subsequently higher satisfaction for the quality and management of school food service. The results of this study suggest that concern and concentration on software of school food service such as education and guide are important.

Morphological competence plays an important role in extending one’s vocabulary in grammatical context. This study is to explore the developmental distribution of English grammatical morphemes appearing in elementary English textbooks. To this end, the study developed grammatical morpheme recognition and elicitation tests based on the bilingual syntax measurement (BSM). The tests are given to 114 fifth graders and 126 sixth graders across small, medium and metropolitan cities. The students were stratified into high, mid and low English ability groups by their English achievement scores. The result shows that English grammatical morpheme awareness was positively correlated with students’ English ability. The grammatical morphological development of Korean students was more in alignment with that of English learners as a foreign language than that of native speakers. Pedagogical implications are provided at the end of the paper.

최근 경제 교육에 대한 관심이 높아져가고 있지만 아직까지 학교 현장에서는 경제 교육 프로그램들이 충분하게 활용되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 문제에 대한 해결 방안을 찾기 위해 한진수가 제시한 ‘네모 피자 만들기’ 프로그램을 수정·보완 하여 실제 현장에 적용한 뒤 그 결과를 분석하였다. 이 활동은 총 세 라운드로 구성되어있다. 1라운드에서 학생들은 네모 피자 가게에 서 근무하는 직원이 되어 여러 색의 종이를 이용하여 네모 피자를 만들게 된다. 이 때 가위는 사용하지 못하도록 한다. 2라운드에서는 1라운드와 같은 활동을 반복하 되, 가위를 사용할 수 있도록 한다. 본 연구에서 새롭게 추가된 3라운드에서는 그 동안의 노동으로 벌어둔 가상의 돈으로 가위라는 자본에 직접 투자를 하여 작업을 할 수 있도록 한다. 기존에 개발된 ‘네모 피자 만들기’ 프로그램은 초등학교 고학년을 대상으로 개발되 었기 때문에, 이를 4학년 학생들에게 적용하기 위해 작업 수준을 다소 낮추고 수업 내용도 재구성하였다. 그리고 활동 전과 활동 후에 각각 경제 이해력 및 태도에 관 한 검사를 실시한 결과 학생들의 경제 이해력과 경제에 대한 의사결정 태도가 유의 미하게 향상되었음을 확인할 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction with school meal service and the food preference in elementary school students who are in their growth period. A total of 484 students (242 boys) participated and completed a questionnaire survey. The results indicated that the merit of school meals was the highest in ‘balanced diet’. 'Food hygiene' and 'delicious food' were the most important factors in school meals. Most of the students wanted ‘balance between eastern and western foods’ and ‘new dishes’ for the menu of school meals. For the distribution of meals, ‘various kinds of side dishes’ and ‘warmth of dishes’ were mainly required. The main problems of the current environment of school meals were ‘long waiting time’ and ‘noise of the cafeteria’. In satisfaction with the school meal service, the highest satisfactory factor was 'staffs’ cleanliness', following 'arrangement of furniture in cafeteria' and 'nutrition information-providing'; whereas, the lowest factor was 'staffs’ kindness'. In the preference of foods, students preferred ‘white rice’; whereas they did not like ‘bean rice’; and ‘fried rice' was preferred. In side dishes with meat and fish, most of the meats including ‘Tangsuyuk’ and ‘Bulgogi’ were preferred. For fish, ‘fried hairtail’ was preferred; whereas, ‘fried Spanish mackerel’ was not. In case of kimchi, ‘Chinese cabbage kimchi’ and ‘cubed radish kimchi’ were especially preferred. Considering these results, intensive improvement is required to increase school meal satisfaction by understanding the students' needs. An effort to allow the students’ preferences to be reflected in the menu is also needed

The study investigates the effect of different types of visual images, i.e., static images versus dynamic images, on English vocabulary learning. Eighty-four students in the fourth grade of an elementary school participated in this study, and they were divided into two experimental groups and a control group. One of the experimental groups utilized static images, and the other group, videos as dynamic images in vocabulary learning. The control group was provided with the definition or the explanation of each target word in L1. The results of the study manifested that the static image group showed higher scores for the post test than the dynamic image group. The comparison of the pre and post affective tests demonstrated that the static image group showed an improvement in confidence in language learning and the dynamic image group showed positive change in the attitude of all three areas: interest, confidence, and aroused motivation. The analysis of the open-ended questionnaires showed that many participants in the static image group tended to use pictures as retrieval cues to remember vocabulary.

This study was designed to verify the effects of Animal Assisted Intervention on self regulations and behavioral problems of the elementary school students who had trouble adjusting to school life due to emotional problems, matter of behaviors, hyper activities, peer problems and prosocial behavior(Sociotropy). The experimental unit used in this study consisted of 8 students aged between 8 and 13, both male and female, who satisfied the criterion of Strengths and Difficulties, the preliminary test, reported by each class teacher. The unit was treated by Animal Assisted Intervention program, divided into 2 groups by grade each made up of 4 subjects in the lower grades and the higher grades. The program consisted of 12 sessions and each was run for 45 minutes with 4 therapy dogs throughout 10 weeks. The data was analyzed with Wilcoxon's signed ranks test on SPSS 20.0 and in brief showed the following results. Animal Assisted Intervention on Self Regulation improvement program was verified to have significant effects on the elementary school students' self regulations and Strengths and Difficulties that reflects behavioral problems

The present study is intended to study sole types necessary for shoe designs for elementary school students that are in age groups in growth periods, and 3D midsole design utilizing 3D printing technology. This study analyzed data from the 3D measurement of the feet of 1,227 elementary school students aged 7－13 years residing in the capital region conducted as part of the 6th Anthropometry of Size Korea. In addition, 3D midsoles by sole type were designed utilizing a Rhino CAD, and midsole prototypes were output utilizing a Zortrax-M200 3D Printer. Through a cluster analysis of sole shapes by type, sole shapes were classified into three types. Type 1 has small values of foot lengths and foot breadths, with large toe 1 angles and high arch heights. Type 2 has intermediate values of foot lengths and foot breadths, with small toe 1 angles and high arch heights. Type 3 has large values of foot lengths and foot breadths with small toe 1 angles and low arch heights. On reviewing the results of design of 3D midsoles by sole type, it can be seen that the midsoles were designed according to characteristics by sole type. The results of the sole type analysis in the present study are expected to be meaningful as basic data for the development of shoe insoles for elementary school students.

The objective of this study is to investigate the perception and satisfaction of elementary and middle school students on free school food service. We surveyed education related to school food service, concerns about food ingredients, perceptions of free school food service and satisfaction for the quality of the school food service. The investigation is classified into two groups, schools that operate as a food service center or those that do not. Those who are provided food ingredients by school food service centers are educated about the agricultural products’ country-of-origin and their environmentfriendly food service. The more individuals are educated of the foods’ county-of-origin and environment-friendly food service the more they will have a higher concern of the food materials and subsequently a higher satisfaction for the quality of school food service. School food service centers managed directly by the local government would probably receive higher satisfaction than those consigned to a private sector. The results of this study will be meaningful to establish policies on school food service and school food service centers.

본 연구의 목적은 동물매개중재프로그램이 초등학생의 생명존중인식에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 예비연구이다. 이 프로그램에 참여한 대상은 I시 소재의 S 초등학교에서 방과후 학교를 신청한 3~6학년 17명의 평범한 학생들로 프로그램연구에 동의를 받아 2016년 3월 14일부터 5월 23일까지 매주 월요일마다 2시간씩 총 11회기를 실시하였다. 프로그램에 활용된 매개동물은 학교에서 2014년에 입양 받아 기르고 있는 학교 견 2두를 기본으로 하며 필요에 따라 치료도우미견 및 고양이를 활용하기도 하였다. 초등학생의 생명존중인식은 첫 회기에 사전검사를 실시하고 11회기에 사후검사 와 서술형 설문지를 실시했으며 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 대응 표본 T-test를 통해 프로그램 효과차이를 분석하였고, 설문지 내용을 통계하고 A~E 아동의 행동변화를 관찰하고 질적 분석하였다. 대상자들은 동물매개중재프로그램 실시 후에 생명존중인식의 유의한 차이를 보였다.

본 연구는 동물매개교육 프로그램을 통한 초등학교 학생들의 심리･정서 치유 및 생 명·존중의식 향상이라는 주제로 2014년 3월1일부터 2015년 2월 28일까지 진행이 되었으며, 전교생 중에 동물매개교육을 희망하는 학생 14명을 선발하여 진행이 되었다. 연구도구로는 6개의 변수(불안, 우울, 품행장애, ADHD, 생명존중의식)에 대한 사전 사 후 검사를 별도 측정해 프로그램의 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구방법으로는 사전· 사후검사를 통한 변화를 특정 하였다. 동물매개교육이 프로그램 참가 학생들의 심리· 정서 불안요인에 끼친 영향을 살펴 본 결과, 모든 영역에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며, 생명존중의식 또한 유의미한 결과가 나타났다. 이번 사례를 통해 동물매개교육프 로그램이 초등학생들에게 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

중국에서 오랜 역사를 지닌 한자교학은 주로 아동을 대상으로 전개되었다. 현재의 아동을 대상으 로 하는 한자교육은 취학전 아동 및 학령아동을 상대로 진행된다. 만 6세 이하의 취학 전 아동에 대한 한자교육은 보통 유아식자교육이라 일컬으며, 기초교육단계의 학령아동(6~12세)에 대한 한 자교육은 학령아동 한자교육이라고 부른다. 현재 학계에서는 아동 한자교육의 실행 및 연구에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 취학 전 아동인 유아한자교육은 주로 식자에 중점을 두고 있다. 하지만 학령아동 한자교육 연구도 유아한자교육과 마찬가지로 여전히 식자에만 제한되어, 교육의 다양화 확대 및 제고를 실현하지 못하였다. 본고에서는 주로 학령아동 한자교육 대상인 초등학교 6세~12세 학생들이 학습하는 한자지식 내 용을 연구대상으로 삼고, 기초교육한자 교학 및 연구자들에게 다음의 연구 문제를 제시하였다. 첫 째, 기초교육단계에서 식자가 여전히 유일한 교학목표인가? 둘째, 학령아동에게 체계적인 한자 지 식을 전달할 수 있도록, 아동 식자교육의 개선 및 확대를 제고할 필요성은 없는가? 본고에서는 문헌조사, 정책분석, 설문조사 및 교학실천의 네 가지 방안을 토대로 학령아동을 대 상으로 한 확대된 한자교육 내용에 대해 새로운 방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

This study was undertaken to examine the knowledge about food culture and intakes of traditional food in Korean and Japanese elementary school students. In 2012 and 2013, a total of 265 students were surveyed, consisting of 73 Korean fifth graders and 192 Japanese sixth graders. The questionnaire comprised of queries on general items, the recognition and sampling of traditional and celebration foods, the knowledge about the partner country's food culture, and the frequency of consuming the partner country's foods. As a result of this study, the frequency of consuming their own country's traditional foods for Korean children (3.1 out of 5.0 points) and Japanese children (3.2 out of 5.0 points) was similar to each other. Japanese children reported to eat Korean foods (2.9 points) more frequently than those of Korean children to eat Japanese foods (2.4 out of 5.0 points) (p<0.001). However, the Korean children reported to have more experience on given typical Japanese foods than Japanese children reported about Korean foods. Further studies are needed for the perception on traditional foods in Korean and Japanese children. The results of this study can be used as a basic data to succeed and develop traditional food cultures.

This study explores the morphological awareness of different graders with different vocabulary levels. A total of 275 elementary students (148 5th graders and 127 6th graders) across small, midium and large cities are selected to test their morphological awareness. First, they were divided into 30%, 40% and 30% of students according to their vocabulary levels. Second, they were tested on the recognition tests, the production tests and the distributional tests of English derivational morphemes divided by the prefixes and the suffixes appeared in the English textbooks. The results are: The recognition and production tests show significant differences for both vocabulary levels and different English levels across different grades. However, the distributional test shows no clear difference like the other two tests. Based on the results, the study draws the conclusion that morphological awareness is developing in the order of recognition, production and distribution of morphologized words in sentences. In other words, recognition of forms precedes the production of forms, and the production is followed by the functional awareness of morphologized words.

본 연구는 방과후돌봄이 초등학교 고학년 아동의 학교생활 적응에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 것이다. 방과후돌봄은 가족돌봄과 사회적 돌봄을 포함하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 가족돌봄과 사회적 돌봄의 한 형태인 방과후교육의 학교생활 적응에 대한 영향 여부와, 또래애착 및 공동체의식의 매개역할 여부를 규명하고자 하였다. 본고에서 가족돌봄의 질은 부모의 친구관심으로 대표된 다. 방과후교육은 공공과 민간을 아우르는 다양한 돌봄서비스 이용 경험으로 측정한다. 분석자료는 한국아동청소년패널조사 (KCYPS) 2011년도 초등 5학년 아동과 보호자 2,200명의 데이터이다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 방과후방임은 학교생활적응에 부적 영향을 미치지만, 또래애착의 매개효과는 유의미하지 않다. 둘째, 방과후방임의 학교생활 적응에 대한 부적인 영향은 일부 공동체의식을 통해 매개된다. 셋째, 가족돌봄의 질 제고는 공동체의식과 또래애착을 증진시켜 학교생활 적응도를 높인다. 넷째, 방과후 교육은 공동체 의식과 또래애착을 증진시킴으로써 아동의 학교생활 적응도를 높인다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating habits and nutritional knowledge of elementary school students in regards to seafood in school meals. More than 80.6% of elementary school students reported an ‘average’ preference for seafood. While ‘taste’ and ‘healthy food’ were common reasons to prefer marine products, ‘unpleasant taste and smell’ was a common reason not to prefer seafood. Students in general stated ‘eating if possible’ as their attitude towards seafood in school meals, 38.1% responded ‘eating all’ as their intake level. There was a significant difference between preference for seafood by gender [boys, 3.44; girls, 3.64 (P<0.01)]. Also, students significantly difference preferred some types of seafood over others. The students who enjoyed eating seafood had more regular and balanced diets and a better attitude toward dietary life and health than did the counterparts who did not prefer seafood. A significant difference (P<0.05) in knowledge existed according to gender; girls had a higher level of knowledge than did boys.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between children’s dietary self-efficacy, general characteristics and mother’s parenting self-efficacy among elementary school students. Mother’s parenting self-efficacy was significantly higher as parents’ educational levels increased (p<0.001), as family monthly income level increased (p<0.001), and when father’s job was professional or managing work (p<0.001). Children’s dietary self-efficacy was meaningfully higher when parents’ educational levels were higher (p<0.01), and family income level was higher (p<0.01). Mother’s parenting selfefficacy showed a correlation with children’s dietary self-efficacy (p<0.001). All factors comprising parenting self-efficacy, such as ‘general parenting self-efficacy’ (p<0.001), ‘healthy parenting self-efficacy’ (p<0.001), ‘communication parenting self-efficacy’ (p<0.001), ‘educational parenting self-efficacy’ (p<0.001), and ‘control parenting self-efficacy’ (p<0.001) showed correlation with children’s dietary self-efficacy. It is suggested that in order to improve children’s dietary self-efficacy and mothers’ parenting self-efficacy, families, schools, and communities must put forth a concerted effort. By complementing existing nutritional programs focusing on nutritional knowledge, one can develop a education program and social support to enhance children’s dietary self-efficacy and mothers’ parenting self-efficacy.

This study investigated the effects of different gloss locations in extensive reading readers on English reading abilities of elementary students. It examined four groups of sixth graders in an elementary school and an extensive reading class was conducted over sixteen weeks. The four groups were given graded readers with four different types of glosses, such as non-gloss, marginal gloss, footnote gloss, and endnote gloss. To verify the effects of this experiment, pre- and post-reading ability test for the cognitive domain and pre- and post-questionnaire for the affective domain were administered to see if there were any achievement in reading ability and affective domain. The findings were as follows: (1) The four groups showed improvement in the reading ability tests. This result indicates that extensive reading was effective in improving students' reading ability; (2) The footnote gloss group showed the greatest change. This result indicates that footnote glosses influenced the most in improving students' reading ability; (3) All the groups showed positive results in the affective domain including attitude, self-confidence, interest, expectation, and value. In conclusion, extensive reading made a positive effect on all four groups and footnote glosses proved to be the most effective in both cognitive and affective domain.

The purpose of this study was to investigate temporal and spatial variations, and moments of the lower extremities of gait while playing the game with smartphone under different curb-heights. Ten male elementary school students(from 10 years to 13 years old) participated in this study. Twelve infrared cameras(Oqus-500) and two force plates(9260AA) were used for collecting data and these were processed via Visual 3D software. In conclusion, with or without smartphone and with different curb-heights, the spatial and temporal parameters of walking were not the same and coefficients of variations were not consistent. The maximum joint moments of the lower extremities with or without smartphone were not statistically significant but those of hip and ankle joint were statistically significant with regard to the different heights of the curbs.