For any research study, in order to achieve the researcher’s intended purpose, the depth of research is added, and the area of the subject is expanded by clearly defining the scope and objective. The study was undertaken to analyze the bibliographic data of 254 papers in the field of foodservice and restaurant published in the Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture from 2002 to 2021. The study was divided into two periods: 2002 to 2011, and 2012 to 2021. Research topics were derived and research trends according to temporal changes were confirmed through analysis of keyword networks by period. In addition, analyzing the keyword network of simultaneous appearance of “foodservice” and “restaurant”, the research topics were compared and analyzed in relation to which keywords were expanded by period. Our analysis revealed that the research topics were mostly studied for satisfaction and nutrition. Additionally, they were classified into procurement, Korean food before employee menu, marketing, restaurant industry, and quality. In the period from 2002 to 2011, it was confirmed that studies encompassed a wide range of research topics, focusing on foodservice and restaurant; in the second period from 2012 to 2021, the research topics were more classified and subdivided.

본 연구는 지방 소도시인 경북 예천군의 100인 미만 어린이 급식시설 32개소를 규모별(50인 이상, 21인 이상 50인 미만, 20인 이하)로 나누어 어린이급식관리지원센터의 위생·안전 순회방문지도에 따른 개선효과를 조사·분석하고자 하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 지방 소도시에 위치한 소규모 어린이 급식시설의 문제점을 파악하고, 보다 효과적인 위생관리 지도 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 규모별 분석대상은 집단급식소 25.0%, 소규모 급식소 34.4%, 비집단급식소 40.6%의 순으로 조사되었으며, 전체 조사대상 급식시설에 고용된 조리사 면허 소지자는 40.6%에 불과했다. 위생·안전관리 지도점검 결과 총 25가지 항목 중 18가지 항목에서 유의성 있는 결과를 얻었으며, 집단급식소는 총 5가지 항목(시설 등 환경 1문항, 개인위생 2문항, 원료사용 1문항, 보관관리 1문항), 비집단급식소는 총 13가지 항목 (시설 등 환경 1문항, 개인위생 2문항, 원료사용 1문항, 공 정관리 7문항, 보관관리 2문항), 그리고 소규모급식소는 총 7가지 항목(시설 등 환경 1문항, 개인위생 2문항, 원료사용 1문항, 공정관리 1문항, 보관관리 2문항)에서 유의미한 개선효과가 확인되었다. 총점의 경우, 전체 순회지원 전 55.89점에서 지원 후 75.11점으로 상향되었고, 규모별로는 집단급식소, 비집단급식소, 소규모급식소 각각 순회지원 전 63.5점, 52.1점, 50.5점에서 지원 후 79.8점, 76.7점, 65.4점으로 세 그룹 모두 상향된 점수의 개선효과가 확인되었다 (data not shown). 집단급식소의 경우 전문 인력에 의한 조리업무 수행 및 지자체로 부터의 지속적인 위생 점검으로 순회지원 이전부터 수행되고 있는 항목이 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 위생·안전 순회지원을 통한 개선효과는 비전문 인력으로 구성된 비집단급식소에서 가장 크게 나타났으며, 특히 개인위생, 공정관리, 보관관리 항목에서 뚜렷한 개선 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로, 지방 소도시의 어린이 급식시설에 대한 어린이급식관리지원센터의 위생순회방문지도가 위생 및 안전관리에 있어서 긍정적인 개선효과를 제공한 것으로 판단되며, 제한적인 지원 횟수로 인한 다소 아쉬운 평점의 상승폭에도 불구하고 지속적인 교육지원을 통한 개선의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 어린이를 대상으로 한 식생활의 안전문제는 어린이 급식시설 즉 비영리급식 뿐만 아니라 어린이 식생활에 많은 영향을 주는 가공식품 및 외식 등 식품 산업 전반에서 함께 풀어야할 과제이다. 이는 지속적인 교육지원 등과 더불어 식품산업체와의 협력 및 상호보완을 통해 균형 있고 지속가능한 정책이 이루어지기 위한 구체적인 기반이 마련 되어야 할 것이다.

본 연구는 어린이급식소를 대상으로 체계적인 위생관리 및 영양관리를 지원하고 있는 어린이급식관리지원센터 기반 유아 당류 줄이기 교육프로그램 개발 및 운영을 위한 기초자료 마련의 일환으로 센터의 예산규모에 따른 유아 당류 교육실태 및 요구도를 비교․분석하였다. 본 조사는 2015년 10월 온라인 설문조사를 통하여 전국 115개 어린이급식관리지원센터의 팀장 또는 팀원을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 센터의 예산규모에 따라 1~2억원 센터(21.7%), 3~4억원 센터(52.2%), 5~7억원 센터(26.1%)로 분류하였다. 1~2억원 센터는 읍면지역이 72.0%로 가장 많았고, 3~4억원 센터와 5~7억원 센터는 대도시가 각 46.7%, 56.7%로 가장 높아 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.001). 유아 대상 당류 섭취 줄이기 교육 실태조사 결과, 교육을 실시하는 비율은 1~2억원 센터 8.0%로 낮았고, 3~4억원 센터의 경우 16.7%, 5~7억원 센터의 경우 16.7%로 예산규모에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 유아의 당류 섭취 관련 영양교육을 실시하지 않는 이유에 대하여 조사한 결과, 1~2억원 센터는 ‘영양교육 자료 부족’이 47.1%로 가장 많았고, 3~4억원 센터와 5~7억원 센터는 ‘당류 교육보다 더 시급한 영양교육 내용이 많음’이 각각 66.7%와 50.0%로 높게 타났다. 유아의 학부모를 대상으로 한 유아 당류 섭취 관련 영양교육 실시여부를 조사한 결과, 실시 비율은 1~2억원 센터가 8.0%로 가장 낮았고, 3~4억원 센터 28.3%, 5~7억원 센터 23.3%로 예산규모에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 유아 당류 줄이기 교육의 필요성에 대한 조사에서 ‘매우 필요하다’와 ‘필요하다’의 비율이 예산규모에 따른 유의적인 차이 없이 90% 이상 높게 나타났다. 유아를 대상으로 한 효과적인 교육방법에 대한 질문에 대하여 예산 규모에 상관없이 75% 이상의 높은 비율을 보인 것은 동화나 인형극을 활용한 교육 방법이었고, ‘영양교육 활동지를 통한 교육’은 1~2억원 센터에서 낮았고(p<0.05), ‘실험활동을 통한 교육’은 3~4억원 센터에서 낮았다(p<0.05). 효과적일 것으로 생각하는 유아 대상 교육 담당자로는 모든 센터에서 ‘어린이급식관리지원센터 영양사+담임교사’가 80.0% 이상으로 나 타났다. 이상을 통해 어린이급식관리지원센터에서의 유아 당류 섭취 관련 교육에 대한 필요성과 효과적일 것으로 생각하는 교육 방법 및 시간 등에서는 사업 규모별 차이가 없었지만, 교육 실태는 사업 규모에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보여, 1~2억원 규모의 소규모 센터의 경우 유아 당류 섭취 관련 교육의 실시율이 낮고, 교육 자료의 부족을 느끼고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 현재 어린이급식관리지원센터의 사업비 분배는 회원 어 린이집의수에 따라 1억원 단위로 비례적으로 정해지고 있다. 비록 본 연구는 영양교육 프로그램에 한정된 결과를 보여주고 있기는 하지만, 1~2억원 규모의 소규모 센터의 경우 예산 및 인력부족으로 사업의 운영에 어려움을 보이고 있고, 이로 인해 큰 센터에 비하여 상대적인 사업의 질 저하를 초래할 가능성이 높음을 보여준다. 그러나 소규모 센터의 경우, 인구가 적은 읍면 지역에 위치하는 경우가 많기 때문에 대상자가 여러 가지 사회․문화적 혜택으로부터 소외되어 있는 계층일 가능성이 높다. 따라서 국가에서 시행하는 사업에서 이러한 부분을 보완해야 할 책임 또한 더 클 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 사업의 규모에 따른 차이 없이 질적으로 평준화된 교육프로그램의 제공 및 소규모 센터의 예산 및 인력부족으로 인한 교육프로그램 개발 및 운영의 어려움을 해결하기 위해서 표준화된 유아 당류 섭취 줄이기 관련 교육프로그램의 개발 및 보급과 함께 어린이급식관리지원센터 사업 예산 분배에 대한 재고의 필요성이 큰 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study is to identify the guideline’s contents for dietitians’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) for the sustainability management at school foodservice. The contents for the guideline were determined by the Delphi technique of two rounds. The Delphi panels of experts were consisted of sixteen school dietitians and fourteen professors of food and nutrition with more than 10 years of experiences by convenience sampling method. Based on the literature, knowledge, attitudes, and practices required for dieticians were classified into menu management, procurement, food production, facility and energy management, waste management, personnel management, and nutrition education. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 24 and EXCEL to calculate descriptive statistics, content validity ratio, degree of agreement, and degree of convergence. As a result of the second round, the validity scores of ‘knows eco-friendly certification standards and labeling systems (4.53 point)’ in the knowledge category, and ‘tries to purchase local agricultural products (4.87 point)’ in the attitude category were the highest. From that round in the practice category, the validity scores of ‘plan menus for students' health’, ‘purchases eco-friendly food’, and ‘conserves energy in pre-processing and cooking process’ were the highest with 4.73 point. Applying the criteria for securing the validity of the contents, the contents of 25 knowledge items, 20 attitude items and 30 practice items were confirmed. The findings of the study can be used to develop the guideline for dietitians required for the sustainability management.

This study investigated the needs to improve the quality of foodservice management in community child centers (CCCs), in accordance to the area where the CCC was located. The people in charge of foodservice management of 466 community child centers undertook a web survey, between July to August 2016. Most centers used menus from the Headquarters of Community Child Center (50.0%) or Center for Children’s Foodservice Management (34.1%). Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted to assess the requirement for improving the quality of foodservice management at the CCCs. Four factors were analyzed: ‘food material and facility management’, ‘administration management’, ‘menu management’, and ‘human resources management’. In large cities, ‘administration management’ and ‘menu management’ were found to affect quality improvement. In small cities, none of the factors assessed were effective in improvement. ‘human resources management’ had a significant influence on improving the quality of the foodservice in rural areas. The results of this study show that there was a difference in the quality improvement of the foodservice management in the centers, with respect to the location of the center. Therefore, this study can be used as basic data to establish the support policy for improving the quality of foodservice management in community child centers.

This study investigated the current status and needs for nutrition education to help reduce children’s sugars intake at the Center for Children’s Foodservice Management (CCFM, n=115), and Child Care Facilities (CCF, n=646) through an online survey conducted from October 5th to 30th 2015. A total of 14.8% of CCFM respondents and 31.9% of CCF respondents provided nutrition education on sugars intake to young children as a main topic (p<0.001). A higher percentage (CCFM 47.8%: CCF 42.4%) delivered nutrition education on sugars intake to young children as a sub-component (p<0.001). Over 90% of the CCFM and CCF participants agreed on the necessity of providing nutrition education on sugars intake to children. The most common reasons given for delivering nutrition education on children’s sugar intake were “there are many more urgent nutrition education topics” for CCFM, and “insufficient nutrition education information and materials” for CCF. The percentage of nutrition education on children’s sugar intake provided to the children’s parents was low showing about 20% in the both groups. The percentage of CCFM participants providing nutrition, education on children’s sugar intake to the teachers in CCF was also low, showing about 14.8%; however, 68.0% of the CCF participants wanted to received teacher's education on guiding children’s sugar intake. Regarding ideas about a nutrition education program on children’s sugar intake for young children, most respondents in both groups answered “sugar intake and dental cavities or obesity” for appropriate education contents, “story telling or puppet show” for appropriate education methods, and “dietitian from CCFM and class teacher together” for appropriate educator. For appropriate education time, there was a significantl difference between the CCFM responses (average 2.7 times) and the CCF responses (average 4 times). Based on the above results, we found that implementing nutrition education on children's sugar intake at the CCFM and CCF, was low; however, awareness of the need for nutrition education on children’s sugar intake and the program development and supply was very high. Also, the opinions of CCFM and CCF participants about a nutrition education program on children’s sugar intake for young children can provide foundation data to develop and implement the CCFM-based nutrition education program.

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the hygienic status of 53 high school foodservice systems in Gyeonggi province by using hygiene management guide checklist, ATP bioluminescence assay of food utensils were conducted during process. The 5 hygiene management guide checklist groups about personal hygiene, cooking facilities control, cross contamination control, cook and storage control, management control were checked by experts and had good grades but there were some inadequate behaviors on observation. Total cleaning levels were inadequate, including hand, rubber gloves, aprons, knives, food tray, machine and instruments. The possibility of cross contamination is also noted in handles for refrigerators, ovens, food dryers, hand washing. It was also noted that there were too much work on the nutritionist and cook, additional personnel need to be added. lack of space, deterioration of facilities were identified in some high school foodservice systems. ATP bioluminescence assay was conducted on surface of food facilities, ATP ranged 1,393±5,041.2 RLU on yellow gloves, 244±258.7 RLU on pink gloves, 3,780±11,418.6 RLU on apron, 49,056±62,831.4 RLU on refrigerator grip, 41,422±61,259.8 RLU in oven, 31,407±41,344.9 RLU on hand cleaning board.

The goal of the current study was to analyze major factors for improvement of quality of life in contract foodservice customers. This study investigated how characteristics of customers, foodservice management, and competitors differ in different contract foodservice business environments in order to understand increasing concerns over health, in-house working, and the environment, which are directly connected to work and life satisfaction and company profits. For the foodservice business environment, this study classified environmental factors reported by Duncan (1972) into three factors: customer environment, foodservice management environment, and competitor environment. Multi-regression analysis was conducted on quality of life using the Korean version of the WHO Quality of Life Scale Abbreviated Version (WHOQOLBREF). Sub-factors of the contract foodservice business environment included foodservice management environment, customer environment, and competitor environment in the order of importance. The results indicate that the foodservice management environment of the company or organization where the customer is employed has the most substantial influence on quality of customer life.

The objective of the current study was to analyze the major factors affecting quality of life improvement for contract foodservice customers by identifying the contract foodservice environment consisting of the customer, foodservice management, and competitor. Qualitative research method was performed on foodservice customers and foodservice management using in-depth interviews. First, the customer environment was classified into three categories, including convenience of location, foodservice management environment into six categories, including comfort level of dining facility, and competitor environment into three categories, including service competition between foodservice providers. Second, quality of life was defined as the level of contentment felt by both the customer and foodservice management consuming the food provided. Third, both the customer and foodservice management perceived that the management environment of contract foodservice had a “medium” effect on quality of customer life. The findings of this study could be applicable for development of a contract foodservice business strategy through objective comparative analysis of the customer, foodservice management, and competitor environments.

This study was targeted on the Korean, Chinese, and Japanese parents of preschoolers to investigate the importance and satisfaction of foodservice quality and the importance and performance of foodservice management of the preschool foodservice establishments. The present study conducted a survey on 390 randomly chosen parents of preschoolers (130 Korean, 130 Chinese, and 130 Japanese). Respondents' importance-satisfaction of foodservice quality characteristics and their importance-performance of foodservice management were measured. In order to test for differences between the groups, paired t-test, one way ANOVA, and IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis) were performed. The results were as follows. The importance of foodservice quality was significantly higher than the satisfaction on all items, according to the parents of Korea, China, and Japan. The importance of foodservice quality was higher in Korean parents than in Chinese and Japanese parents. According to ISA results with foodservice quality characteristics, the characteristics with relatively low satisfaction but high importance (II quadrant) was 'Diversity of menu' in both Korean and Chinese parents, and 'Sanitation of tables and chairs' in both Korean and Japanese parents. The importance of foodservice management was significantly higher than performance on all items in Korean, Chinese and Japanese parents. The performance of foodservice management was higher in Chinese than in Japanese and Korean parents. According to IPA results with foodservice management, the management with relatively low performance but high importance (II quadrant) was 'Preparation' in Korean parents, and 'Facility and equipment' in Japanese parents. Therefore, the items with relatively low satisfaction (performance) and high importance should be well-managed.

The purpose of our study was to examine the effects of dietitians' sanitation training performance on the sanitation knowledge and management practice level of culinary employees. We developed a questionnaire to measure the sanitation knowledge and management practice level of culinary employees and the sanitation training performance of dietitians. The questionnaire was completed by 53 dietitians and 337 culinary employees working in food service in the Chungbuk Province. We found that the sanitation training performance of dietitians had a significant positive affect on the sanitation knowledge and management practice level of culinary employees. There was also a correlation between sanitation knowledge and the management practice level of culinary employees. We conclude that sanitation training performance by dietitians is an effective method of improving the sanitation knowledge and management practice level of culinary employees. Thus, we suggest strengthening the sanitation training programs given by dietitians to improve food hygiene and safety in the foodservice industry.

The aims of study were to provide basic data for the internationalization of Contract Foodservice Management Companies (CFMC) and to gain a better understanding of internal push-and-pull factors through in-depth interviews. The interviewees were managers of four large CFMCs and one small-to-medium CFMC. The non-structured interview format employed an interview guide of open-ended questions. All interviews were digitally recorded and notes were taken simultaneously by an interview assistant. The narrative data analysis involved transcription, coding, classification by categories, and content analysis. Eighty-eight codes were generated from the interview analyses, and the subordinate variables uncovered included seven push factors, eight pull factors, one interactive factor, and 10 internal dynamics. These factors will be useful in further studies of the internal operations of specific CFMCs, and more generally, the practical condition of the industry.

This study examines the impact of the perception that employees of contract foodservice management companies have of internal marketing on service quality. Questionnaires were delivered to 291 employees employed in foodservice management companies. High perception item of internal marketing was 'value of formula education program' (3.36 points), whereas 'adequate allowance disbursement' (2.62 points) and 'various vacation benefits' (2.66 points) scored low. High service quality items for customers were 'kindness to customers' (3.89 points) and 'willingness to help customers' (3.89 points), whereas 'comprehension of customers' special requests' (3.63 point) and ['meeting customer expectations'] (3.64 points) scored low. The internal marketing conceived by employees of contract foodservice management companies has a positive influence on service quality. The most influential internal marketing variable to affect service quality was 'communication' followed by 'education/environment' and 'fringe benefits/[decisive] delegation'.

The principal objective of this study was to determine how the internal marketing of the contract foodservice management company affects job satisfaction and organization immersion, as well as the influence of the satisfaction of internal customers (employees) has on job satisfaction and organization immersion, and the function as a preceding variable that improves service quality. T-test, ANOVA, and linear regression analysis was conducted to analyze the hypotheses of the study. The summary of study as per the result of this corroborative study is presented as follows: It was verified that internal marketing affects organizational immersion and the job satisfaction of employees, and job satisfaction plays a crucial role in organizational immersion. Moreover, it was also confirmed that the higher the internal marketing is, the higher the job satisfaction and organization immersion will be, thereby improving the service quality provided by employees. If enterprise regards employees as internal customers and constantly and efficiently conducts internal marketing activities such as internal communication, training, welfare, compensation, delegation of power, supporting the management, etc, the organizational immersion and job satisfaction of employees will be heightened, thereby enhancing loyalty and pride in the organization to provide services with better quality.

The objective of this study was to analyze the actual situation of ethics management in foodservice industry and its employees’ recognition on corporate ethics management. Self-administrated questionnaires were completed by 342 employees, and the data were analyzed by frequency, chi-square, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the employees consider the corporate ethics management to be very important and it has been much more improved in foodservice industry. However, they are still skeptical about the continuous and consistent practice of ethics management. In addition, the survey revealed that the ethics management was regarded to be critically important to improve the value and the culture of the corporation. It also showed that the recognition of the improvement of ethics management in foodservice industry has been affected by the work environment of the whole society too. The result concluded that the taking the initiative by CEO is the most important factor for introducing the ethics management, while the propagation of ethics management requires the volition of the employees inside the corporation.

This study was conducted to evaluate sanitary managment practices of institutional foodservice employees in Daejeon and Chungnam areas, and to suggest a guideline for an effective safety & sanitary managment of the institutional foodservice. The subjects consist of 782 employees in 80 institutional foodservice, respectively. The collected data was processed using the SPSS V.10.0 package for descriptive analysis. The results of this study were summarized as follows. The employees were female(97.2%), over 41 age(68.1%), high school(51.0%), less than 1-5 years(52.8%) of total career in the institutional foodservice. Employment status was contract(64.2%) and cook's certification w3s not applicable(80.1%). The institutional foodservice was over 1,000 number(65.0%) of average serving per day and operations format was direct(69.6%) management and 11-20 number of employees for cooking were 58.2%. Employees(96.0%) were received sanitation training and 82.4% of them have been monthly educated. Sanitation training instructor was dietitian 91.6%. The rating of sanitary management practices was food handling 4.36/5.00, food products management 4.32/5.00, personal hygiene 4.31/5.00, equipments and tools handing 4.18/5.00. The employees, who were educated in the sanitation training, presented significantly higher rates of the sanitary management practices than of the uneducated employess. Therefore, the institutional foodservice operations will have to pay special attention to sanitation training program of the employees. The suitable methods of sanitation training must be developed to improve the practical use of sanitary management by employees and institutional foodservice. Also, to enhance these practices, it is necessary to establish the countermeasure to care for safety & sanitary management of the institutional foodservice.

The purpose of this study examined important factor of performance on Contract Foodservice management. Three contract Foodservice companies were selected which were located in Seoul & kuonggi province. 300 units were chose. The questionnaire was composed of seven part. There were the operation of food management, the operation of menu, the operation of equipment and facilities management, the operation of solid waste and safety management, the operation of waiting time management. As a result of the survey B&I foodservice was listed higher than University foodservice as food hygiene, FIFO and food shelf life. University foodservice employees worked 4 hour longer than B&I foodservice employees, so turnover rate was higher than it. Comparing the number of feeding, B&I foodservice equipment and facilities scale was bigger than University foodservice equipment and facilities. The rate of solid waste on B&I foodservice was 11.468% and the rate of University foodservice was 16.23%, the waiting time of University foodservice was about 8mins longer than B&I foodservice.