호박꽃과실파리(Z. scutellata)는 박과작물에 피해를 주는 중요한 해충이다. 현재 큐루어(Cuelure)는 국내에서 검역 대상 해충으로 규정된 오이과실파리, 타우과실파리, 및 퀸슬랜드과실파리와 더불어 호박꽃과실파리 수컷 성충의 예찰에 다양한 제형으로 활용되고 있다. 본 연구는 액 체, 고체, 및 왁스제형의 큐루어에 대한 호박꽃과실파리 수컷 성충의 야외 유인효과를 검증하기 위한 것으로 2021년 4월부터 10월까지 제주 2개 지역과 경북 1개 조사에서 2주 간격으로 모니터링하였다. 호박꽃과실파리의 발생밀도가 높은 제주지역에서는 7월부터 8월에 액체와 왁스제형의 큐루어에 호박꽃과실파리가 더 많이 유인되어 통계적인 유의차가 있었으나, 호박꽃과실파리의 발생밀도가 낮은 경북지역에서는 제형별 유인력 에 차이가 없었다. 야외조사 결과를 바탕으로 액체와 왁스제형의 큐루어가 호박꽃과실파리 수컷 성충 예찰에 권장되며, 이 두 제형의 큐루어에 유 인되는 검역 대상 과실파리류의 국내 예찰에 효과적일 수 있다.

In recent years, India has consistently increased its production of small fruits. India is the second-largest producer of fruits and vegetables globally, with a diverse range of small fruits grown across the country. Small fruits, such as kiwifruit and blueberries, are in high demand due to the growing popularity of healthier food options and increased awareness of their associated health benefits. However, the current status of small fruit production in India is substantially lower than that of other fruit crops. Nonetheless, there has been a growing interest in small fruit production, particularly in regions with suitable climatic conditions. Currently, only two types of small fruit are commercially produced in India: grapes and Indian jujube/ber. Three other fruit types, strawberries, blueberries, and kiwi, have production areas of less than 10,000 ha each. Despite the growing interest in small fruit production, several challenges, such as the lack of good planting materials, productivity issues, lack of packaging facilities, and marketing networks for farmers, need to be addressed to enhance the prospects for small fruit production in India. Future studies should focus on several areas to overcome these challenges. Firstly, it is crucial to understand the specific resource constraints that small fruit producers face and develop strategies to improve their access to essential resources, including planting materials, land, water, and financial support. Secondly, innovative marketing strategies tailored to the unique characteristics of small fruit production in India should be employed to expand domestic and international market opportunities. Lastly, adopting appropriate technologies and sustainable production practices is necessary to improve productivity and mitigate environmental impacts. Overall, the prospects for small fruit production in India appear promising, given the growing demand for healthier food options and the expanding domestic and international markets for small fruits.

우리나라는 무기질비료 사용량이 많은 나라 중 하나이다. 그러나 1980년 이후 지속가능농업에 대한 필요성에 의해 1997년 친환경 농업육성법이 제정되었고 지속가능한 농업을 위한 연구로 논, 밭, 시설 및 과수에 대한 비료사용실태조사가 실시되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 과수 중 대표되는 7작물(배, 포도, 사과, 복숭아, 대추, 단감, 키위)을 대상으로 각 도에서 805농가를 선정하여 실시하였으며, 조사내용은 사용하는 비료의 종류, 사용량 등에 대해 농가를 방문하여 면접 청취조사하였다. 국내 과수작물의 성분별 평균 비료사용량(N-P2O5-K2O)은 30.0-23.8-24.3 kg 10a-1이었으 며 비료 종류별로 구분하였을 때 퇴비 > 유기질비료 > 무기질비료 순으로 사용하고 있었다. 단위면적당 가장 많은 비료를 사용하고 있는 과수는 대추로 질소, 인산 및 칼리를 평균 53.3-42.0-49.5 kg 10a-1을 사용하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 앞으로 지속가능 농업과 농업환경의 보전을 위해서는 농가에서 사용하는 비료의 장기간 모니터링 뿐만 아니라 농업인에게 무기질비료, 유기질비료 및 퇴비의 적정사용방법에 대한 교육 및 홍보를 지속적으로 실시해야 될 것으로 판단된다.

The oyster mushroom is a widely cultivated edible mushroom in Korea. It is a regionally specialized crop in Gyeonggi-do, where 68% of the national production is produced. The present study was conducted to develop a new, highquality cultivar with stable cultivation. ‘Manseon’ is a new variety of oyster mushroom suitable for bottle culture. It was produced by mating monokaryons isolated from ‘HB-18’ and ‘P15159-16’. The optimal temperature for ‘Manseon’ mycelial growth was 26–29 °C on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and for primordia formation and the growth of fruit bodies the optimal temperature was 18–19 °C on sawdust medium. Spawn running required 30 d, primordia formation required 4 d, and fruit body growth in the bottle culture required 4 d. Regarding the characteristics of the fruit bodies, the pilei were round and dark grayish brown, stipe color was white, and stipe shape was short and thick. The yield per bottle was 192.7 g/1,100 cc, which was 9% higher than that of the control strain (Suhan-1ho). The physical properties of springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and brittleness of stipe tissue were 87.9%, 77.4%, 445.1 kgf, and 389.6 kgf, respectively.

This study aims to select eggplant cultivars adaptive to the hot temperature period greenhouse climate by water consumption, and growth performance of plants and fruits of different European eggplant cultivars, including ‘Bartok (BA)’, ‘Bowie (BO)’, ‘Black Pearl (BP)’, ‘Ishbilia (I)’, ‘Mabel (M)’, ‘Vestale (VE)’ and ‘Velia (VL)’, in substrate hydroponic cultivation under hot and humid greenhouse conditions. On the 118 DAT, the leaf number and stem dry weight were highest in ‘VL’, followed by ‘M’, and there was no significant difference in leaf dry weight among cultivars. The marketable fruit number per plant was 16.4 for ‘M’, which was higher than other cultivars, and ‘VE’ and ‘VL’ were 8.5 and 8.8, respectively. The weight per fruit was low for ‘M’ at 136 g, and the highest in ‘VE’ and ‘VL’ at 332 and 281 g, respectively. There was no significant difference in fruit production per plant. In this study, ‘M’, which has high water use efficiency and a large number of fruits, and ‘VL’, which required less quantity to water consumption for producing 200 g of fruit and had a high product weight, will have excellent adaptability in the UAE greenhouse condition.

This study was conducted to apply with an air duct for the cooling and a utilizing cultivating method that uses the fruiting node and the defoliation to the high-temperature vertical and hydroponic cultivation of the oriental melon. The lower fruiting node (LF) was to remove all third vines generated from 5 nodes of a secondary vine. The higher fruiting node (HF) was fruiting on the third vine generated from a first node of the third vine. The direction of the stem string; upward (UW), downward (DW). Four treatment conditions were applied with the LF-UW, LF-DW, HF-UW (control), and HF-DW. The leaf age of melon leaves was measured for photosynthesis at 3 days intervals, and the fruit characteristic was conducted on 79 fruits in each treatment. The photosynthesis rate steadily increased after leaf development, reaching 20.8 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1 on the 10 days, gradually increasing to 21.3 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1 on the 19 days, and reaching 23.4 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1 on the 32 days. After that, it lowered to 16.8 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1 on the 38 days and dropped significantly to 7.6 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1 on the 47 days. As a result of the fruit characteristics by fruiting nodes, the treatments of the fruit length was 12.6-13.4 cm, respectively, which was significant, and the fruit width was 7.9- 8.6 cm, respectively, was not significant. The soluble content ranged from 12.9 to 15.7°Brix, and the significance of all treatments, and higher than of LF-DW and HF-UW. The photosynthesis rate of melon leaves was good until 32 days after leaf development, but after that, the rate decreased. As for fruit quality, it was conformed that melons can be cultivated at the LF because the fruit enlargement and soluble content dose not decrease even when set at the LF. Results indicated that those can be used for LF and defoliation in the development of vertical and hydroponic cultivation method in high-temperature season.

This study investigated the quality characteristics of the traditional rice cake of Gijeongtteok added with an extract from Cudrania tricuspidate fruit and different amounts of kimchi broth. The pH measurement showed a significant decrease with the increase of the kimchi broth from pH 5.48 (control) to 4.86 (KG180). Hunter color L-values were decreased while redness and yellowness were increased as the amount of kimchi broth increased. Texture profile analysis showed that hardness and adhesiveness significantly increased and decreased as the amount of kimchi broth increased. Gijeongtteok with kimchi broth (KG180) had the lowest specific volume with increased gummy layers in the crumb structure. Sensory evaluation of color, flavor, taste, appearance, and overall acceptance for various levels of kimchi broth showed that the KG140 sample had the highest acceptability. Therefore, this study suggests that Gijeogtteok made with the KG140 mixing ratio has excellent quality and sensory characteristics.

생물환경조절학회지 30권 3호에 게재된 논문의 그래프를 수정합니다.

This study was conducted to develop a precision automatic irrigation system in a nursery by considering the problems and improvements of manual and the conventional automatic irrigation system. The amount of irrigated water between the conventional automatic irrigation system and manual irrigation was 28.7 ± 4.4 g and 14.2 ± 4.3 g, respectively, and the coefficient of variation was less than 30%. However, the coefficient of variation of the conventional automatic irrigation system of 15%, was higher than that of manual irrigation of 30%. The irrigation test using the developed uniform irrigation system attached with the nozzle of a spray angle 80° and most highest uniformity was at height 600 mm. And coefficient of variation of the irrigation uniformity at the center part was within 20%, but irrigation amount of the edge part was lower 50% and over compared to the center part. As a result of a tomato grafting seedling cultivation test using the developed uniform irrigation system, the average plant height of seedling at the edge part was 28 mm but plant height at the center part was higher as 72 mm. Therefore, it was necessary to apply additional irrigation device at the edge part. The irrigation uniformity of the edge concentrated irrigation system was investigated that the irrigation amount of the edge part was irrigated by more than 50% compared with the center part, and coefficient of variation of the irrigation amount at the center part was less than 30%. As a result of a cucumber grafting seedling cultivation test using the edge concentrated irrigation system, the plant height of seedlings in the edge and central part of cultivation bed were 24% and 26%, respectively, so irrigation uniformity was higher then the uniform irrigation system. In order to improve the uniformity of seedlings, it is necessary to adjust the height of boom according to the growth of the seedling by installing a distance sensor in the overhead watering and boom irrigation system.

본 연구는 다년생 목본작물인 과수 바이오매스 부문의 온실가스 배출･흡수량을 우리나라 국가 온실가스 인벤토리 보고 시 고려되어야 할 적정 산정 방법을 모색하고자 수행되었다. IPCC 가이드라인에 따라 적정 산정 수준을 모색한 결과, 향후 우리나라에 알맞은 적정 산정 수준 (Tier)은 국가 고유의 활동자료와 국가 고유 배출흡수계수를 활용하는 수준 2 (Tier 2)로 나타났다. 국가 고유 배출흡수계수가 없어 수준 1 (Tier 1)을 적용해야 하는 현 시점에서는 매년 활동자료인 과수 재배면적 통계를 발표하기 때문에 손실획득법보다 축적차이법으로 산정하는 것이 적정하다. 수준 2에서 시범 산정한 결과, 이 부문의 상대적으로 낮은 중요도와 산정의 단순성 및 비용을 고려할 경우, 활동자료에 있어 단순화한 하위 범주를 사용하고 성숙목과 미성숙목을 구분하지 않는 것이 적정하다. 반면 온실가스 감축정책에 따른 반응성을 고려한다면, 성숙목과 미성숙목을 구분하는 접근 방법이 적정하다. 산정된 탄소축적량의 불확도는 활동자료보다는 국가 고유 배출계수의 불확도에 의해 크게 좌우되어 향후 신뢰도 높은 국가 고유 배출계수의 개발이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

A new strawberry cultivar ‘Misohyang’ was originated from the cross between ‘Darselect’ and ‘Wongyo 3111’ in 2009. Among hybrids, ‘Misohyang’, a superior individual possessing vigorous growth, capacity to early differentiate flower buds, and excellent physiological characteristics, was selected. Several tests conducted from 2012 to 2014 revealed that this cultivar was suitable for forcing culture due to its faster flowering and harvest time than ‘Seolhyang’. Fruits of ‘Misohyang’ were conical in shape with a red color, which turned dark red color when fruits were fully ripened. Although sugar contents in ‘Misohyang’ fruits were lower than those in ‘Seolhyang’, their aromatic properties were excellent in terms of synergy effect on perception of sweet flavor. In addition, ‘Misohyang’ fruits could maintain high hardness despite a warm temperature during spring. These physiological characteristics of fruits contribute to its high yields in spring, with an average fruit weight of 20 g. Regarding disease resistance, ‘Misohyang’ showed sensitivity to powdery mildew during nursery period and fruit ripening stage. Since the cultivar ‘Misohyang’ has an excellent flavor with attractive red color, sustainable hardness, and high yields in spring, it is expected to be popularly consumed not only for its fresh fruits, but also for its processed fruits.

This study was conducted to evaluate quality and anthocyanin content of ‘Tarocco’ orange fruit in order to support early harvest. Harvest times were set at 280 days after anthesis (DAA), 300 DAA, and 320 DAA (conventional harvest). The fruits were classified as those having an intense reddish color or a yellowish orange color in the rind. The fruits were stored during 45 days at 8oC, for low temperature storage, or 18oC, for room temperature storage in winter. The changes in the fruit quality were measured at 15-days interval. The reddish rind fruit had slightly higher sugar content than the orange fruits with yellowish rind, but had similar acidity. A sugar content of 13.0 oBrix or more was recorded for fruits harvested 280 DAA with 45 days of low-temperature storage. A similar finding was recorded after 15 days of low temperature storage for the fruits harvested 300 DAA with 30 days for the conventional harvest. The anthocyanin content was higher for fruits with later harvest time (37.8 mg·L-1) and longer storage period in both low and winter room temperatures (25.2-53 mg·L-1 and 10.3-51.9 mg·L-1, respectively). For all harvest periods, the peel and juice color intensity increased after 15 days of low temperature storage and remained constant regardless of the storage temperature. The result indicated that the fruit quality and anthocyanin content of fruits harvested 300 DAA was better than fruits harvested 320 DAA (conventional harvest), stored 15 days at 8oC or 30 days at 18oC after harvesting 300 DAA.