This study introduces a novel method for synthesizing carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers using floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FC-CVD) in an open-atmosphere without the need for hydrogen as a carrier gas. Traditional FC-CVD techniques depend on hydrogen gas and require a harvest box with inert gas purging, which restricts scalability. Our approach utilizes nitrogen gas as the sole carrier, allowing for CNT fiber production without a harvest box. To understand the spinning process mechanism in an open-atmosphere, we conducted thermodynamic and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses. Methanol was selected as the carbon source based on thermodynamic calculations, which revealed that at high temperatures, methanol forms CO and H2 as thermodynamically stable species instead of carbon (C), thereby preventing soot formation. Moreover, methanol undergoes catalytic cracking exclusively in the presence of catalysts, further preventing soot formation. This approach allows operation at high partial pressure, even above the upper explosive limit (UEL), effectively preventing combustion. A 600 mm cooling zone was incorporated into the reactor to lower the outlet gas temperature below methanol's auto-ignition point, mitigating combustion risks. CFD calculations were employed to determine the necessary cooling zone length. Additionally, we developed a predictive model using the XGBoost machine learning method to efficiently map the parameter space for CNT fiber spinning, achieving an accuracy of 95.24%. The resulting CNT fibers demonstrate high electrical conductivity (240 ± 24 S/cm) and a low ID/ IG ratio, indicating a high degree of crystallinity.

바이러스 여과는 동물세포기반 바이오 의약품 제조에서 중요한 정제 공정으로, 특수하게 설계 및 제조된 분리막 을 사용하여 바이러스를 차단하고 항체 등 바이오 의약 물질을 선택적으로 통과시킨다. 바이러스 필터의 핵심 성능인 바이러 스 제거율과 항체 및 단백질의 회수율은 필터의 기공 구조와 대칭성뿐만 아니라, 여과 조건(표면 다공성, 압력, 유속, pH, 이 온 강도 등)에 따라 달라진다. 특히 단백질 오염은 비가역적 및 가역적 오염으로 구분되며, 추가로 blocking 모델을 통해 정밀 하게 분석하였다. 본 총설에서는 바이러스 필터 및 여과 공정의 이해 및 최적화를 위해 필터 구조, 제거 기작과 막오염 현상 을 소개하고, 바이러스 여과 공정에서 제거성능에 영향을 미치는 다양한 인자를 분석해보고자 한다.

This study examines the development of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)’s Self-Certification of Origin mechanism through two key phases. From 1993 to 2015, ASEAN strove to establish a common market and deepen economic integration. During this period, it introduced various pilot projects to enhance trade, streamline certification procedures, and experiment with trade facilitation initiatives. Following the official establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community in 2015, the focus shifted towards harmonizing trade procedures, enhancing regional coordination, and standardizing customs processes. These efforts culminated in the launch of the ASEANwide Self-Certification (AWSC) in 2020. In Vietnam, however, the implementation of AWSC has faced significant challenges. Despite these obstacles, the country has taken proactive steps to integrate AWSC into its trade system by issuing domestic regulations and guidance from regulatory authorities. This study explores the specific difficulties Vietnam faces in implementing AWSC and proposes recommendations to enhance its effectiveness.

As an emerging force in the entertainment field of the new media era, the rise and development of Chinese mini web dramas are the result of the interweaving of multiple factors, with profound social, cultural and technological changes underlying them. They provide the public with a self-isolated heterotopia that breaks away from the "heavy reality", featuring high plot density and excitement. Against this backdrop, this paper approaches from the perspective of psychoanalysis, takes Lacan's "pleasure" theory as the theoretical framework, divides the development process of mini web dramas into three stages: the initial trial stage, the middle-term exploration stage and the current quality improvement stage, analyzes the consumption practice of mini web dramas under the "pleasure" theory, and further dissects the phenomena of racing production under the "fast-food mode" and consumption alienation under the generalization of commodity logic in the mini web drama industry, so as to provide theoretical support and practical inspiration for the innovative development of the mini web drama industry.

This study investigated the ultra-low-temperature (4.2 K) tensile properties and deformation mechanisms of stainless steel 304L manufactured via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The tensile properties of LPBF 304L were compared to those of conventional 304L to assess its suitability for cryogenic applications. The results revealed that LPBF 304L exhibited a significantly higher yield strength but lower ultimate tensile strength and elongation than conventional 304L at 4.2 K. The temperature dependence of the yield strength also favored LPBF 304L. Microstructural analysis demonstrated that LPBF 304L features a high density of dislocation cells and nano-inclusions, contributing to its greater strength. Furthermore, strain-induced martensitic transformation was observed as a key deformation mechanism at cryogenic temperatures, where austenite transformed into both hexagonal-closed packed (HCP) and body-centered cubic (BCC) martensite. Notably, BCC martensite nucleation occurred within a single HCP band. These findings provide critical insights into the mechanical behavior of LPBF 304L at cryogenic temperatures and its potential for applications in extreme environments.

대한민국의 도로망 확장과 복잡화에 따라 터널의 수와 연장이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 이와 함께 시멘트콘크리트 포장의 성능과 수명에 미치는 환경 조건의 중요성도 높아지고 있다. 특히, 많은 고속도로 구간이 시멘트콘크리트로 시공되었으며, 기존 연구는 온습 도 차이에 따른 슬래브의 부등건조수축 현상을 주로 다루었다. 슬래브 상하부의 온습도 차이는 일일 및 계절적 주기에 따라 컬링과 와핑을 유발하며, 이러한 현상은 포장의 평탄성과 주행성에 문제를 일으킨다. 그러나, 콘크리트 내부 습도 변화와 이에 따른 장기적인 변형 거동에 대한 연구, 특히 배수가 어려운 터널 환경에서 습도 변화가 콘크리트 슬래브의 변형에 미치는 영향에 대한 이해는 미비 한 실정이다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 터널과 같은 환경에서 하부 습도 조건이 콘크리트 슬래브의 거동에 미치는 영향을 실험적으 로 조사하고자 한다. 실험에서는 서로 다른 하부 수침 조건을 적용하여 콘크리트 시편을 제작하고, 부등건조수축으로 인한 변형률과 수직변위를 측정하였다. 이를 통해 슬래브의 습도 분포와 변형 거동 간의 관계를 파악하고, 장기적인 성능 예측에 필요한 데이터를 확 보할 예정이다. 또한, 유한 요소 해석(FEM)과 데이터 간의 관계 분석을 통해 실험 결과의 신뢰성을 높이고, 향후 터널 포장 설계에 반 영할 수 있는 구체적인 지침을 마련할 것이다.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are commonly produced in the combustion of fossil fuels and in chemical industries such as detergents and paints. VOCs in atmosphere cause different degrees of harm to human bodies and environments. Adsorption has become one of the most concerned methods to remove VOCs in atmosphere due to its high efficiency, simple operation and low energy consumption. Biomass-based porous carbon (BPC) has been considered as the most promising adsorption material because of the low cost and high absorption rate. In this paper, the key characteristic (e.g., specific surface area, pore structure, surface functional groups and basic composition) of BPC affecting the adsorption of VOCs in atmosphere were analyzed. The improvement of adsorption capacity of BPC by common modification methods, such as surface oxidation, surface reduction, surface loading and other modification methods, were discussed. Examples of BPC adsorption on different types of VOCs including aldehydes, ketones, aromatic VOCs, and halogenated hydrocarbons, were also reviewed. The specific adsorption mechanism was discussed. Finally, some unsolved problems and future research directions about BPC for adsorbing VOCs were propounded. This review can serve as a valuable reference for future developing effective biomass-based porous carbon VOCs adsorption technology.

Periodontal disease (PD) is strongly linked to increased risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); however, the specific mechanism through which the development of PD and OSCC is simultaneously promoted remains unclear. This study explored the impact of periodontal pathogens on OSCC progression and the contribution of periodontal pathogen-stimulated OSCC to PD development. The expression of osteoclastogenesis-inducing factors was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis following stimulation of OSCC with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a pathogen commonly responsible for PD. The cell counting kit-8 assay was used to determine the effects of Pg-LPS on OSCC proliferation and drug resistance to cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. The effects of conditioned medium (CM) derived from Pg-LPS–stimulated OSCC on osteoclastogenesis was evaluated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). Pg-LPS administration in SCC-25 and YD-8 OSCC cell lines induced a significant increase in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand mRNA expression; however, it did not affect cell proliferation. Treatment with CM derived from Pg-LPS–stimulated SCC-25 or YD-8 cells markedly enhanced the formation of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells during osteoclast differentiation of BMMs. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that Pg-LPS–stimulated OSCC promoted osteoclastogenesis through a paracrine mechanism.