발효에 의한 헛개열매의 기능성 상승 정도를 검토하고자, 헛개열매열수추출물을 발효시킨 후 급성 및 만성 알코올 투여 간손상 동물모델을 통하여 체중감량 억제, 알코올 분해 및 간기능 개선 효능을 검증하였다. 급성 알코올 투여 동물모델에서 헛개열매발효군(ET-FHWE)은 알코올대조군(ET)에 비하여 혈청 알코올 농도가 유의적으로 감소되었고, 특히 알코올 투여 3시간 후의 알코올 농도는 헛개열매추출액발효물에 의해 46.1%, 헛개열매열수추출물에 의해 19.1% 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 알코올 투여에 의해 증가된 혈청 아세트알데하이드 농도는 헛개열매추출액발효물에 의해 알코올 투여 3시간 후에는 48.7%, 5시간 후에는 39%로 알코올대조군(ET)보다 유의적으로 감소하였고, 이는 헛개열매열수추출물은 발효에 의해 알코올 및 아세트알데하이드 분해능이 증가하는 것으로 사료되었다. 만성 알코올 투여 간손상 동물모델 실험에서 알코올 투여에 의해 상승된 혈청 알코올 농도는 헛개열매열수추출물과 헛개열매추출액발효물 투여에 의해 각각 31%, 41% 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈청 아세트알데하이드 농도와 γ-GTP 활성도는 헛개열매열수추출물과 헛개열매추출액발효물 투여에 의해 알코올대조군(ET)보다 유의적으로 감소되었으며, 장기간 알코올 투여에 의한 체중 감소 억제 및 간조직 지질수준의 유의적 감소를 나타내었다. 또한 헛개열매추출액발효물은 장기간의 알코올 투여로 인해 감소된 혈당을 유의적으로 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과, 급성 알코올 투여 동물모델에서 헛개열매열수추출물은 발효에 의해 알코올 및 아세트알데하이드 분해능이 증진되었고, 만성알코올 투여 모델을 통한 실험에서는 발효에 의해 헛개열매의 간기능 개선효능이 유지됨과 동시에 일부 효능(혈청 지질 및 혈당 수준 개선능)은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 헛개열매추출액발효물은 급성 및 만성 알코올성 간손상 억제에 있어서 헛개열매열수추출물보다 더욱 강력한 기능성 물질로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the richest sources of flavonoids in human diet. Onion peel contains over 20times more quercetin than onion flesh. In this study, we studied the effects of onion peel water extract (OPE) on the bloodlipid profiles in mice. The onion peel extracts was extracted with hot water. The experimental groups were divided with 3groups (n=6) of ICR male mice: normal diet+distilled water (NC), high-fat diet+distilled water (HF), high-fatdiet+onion peel water extract 20㎎/㎏ (OPE-20). The oral administration was conducted daily. The experimental periodwas 7 weeks. Onion peel water extract showed higher concentration of polyphenol gallic acid and anti-oxidant trolox equiv-alent than the ethanol extract. The body weight gain and food efficiency ratio was significantly lower in the OPE-20 group ascompared with HF group (p<0.05). The epididymal fat and retroperitoneal fat showed significantly lower weights and sizesin the OPE-20 group as compared with HF group (p<0.05). The serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and trig-lyceride were significantly lower in the OPE-20 group as compared with HF group (p<0.05). The OPE-20 group showedhigher HDL cholesterol concentration than HF group (p<0.05). Atherogenic index was ignificantly lower in as comparedwith HF group (p<0.05). The serum levels of glucose, GOT and GPT were significantly lower in the OPE-20 group as com-pared with HF group (p<0.05). In these results, we suggests that onion peel water extracts supplementation can reduces theserum lipid components and improves the lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic mice induced with a high-fat diet.

Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders and has been associated with the neuroendocrine system and alterations in behavior. Schisandra chinensis Baillon is one of major medicinal plants used as a Korea medicine and food sources, and has been processed in the fields of various food products and medicinal herbs. The chronic mild stress (CMS) protocol is widely used to evoke depressive-like behaviors in laboratory mice or rat. The CMS procedure induced some behavioral changes that are compatible with the common expectations, i.e. 'anhedonic' behavior and can affect corticosterone level. The present study, Schisandra chinensis extract administration by daily gavage from the 3 weeks exhibited an antidepressant-like effect on CMS-induced depression in mice. Schisandra chinensis extract administration at dose of 200mg/kg significantly increased the sucrose consumption, and decreased the immobility durations in forced swim test and tail suspension test. Furthermore the corticosterone level decreased than control group. In conclusion, Schisandra chinensis extract showed antidepressant-like effects on sucrose preference test, forced swimming test and tail suspension test based on CMS model.

전라남도 연안에서 대량 생산되고 있는 해조류 5종(다시마․미역․김․파래․톳)을 대상으로 새로운 추출방법인 아임계 추출법을 도입하여 기존의 추출방법(열수, 용매추출)과 비교를 통하여 전남산 해조류의 기능성 측정 및 효율적인 추출물에 대한 자료를 확보하기 위해 조사를 실시하였다. 해조류 추출물 제조는 열수(80℃, 4시간), 용매추출(methanol, ethanol, 실온, 4시간)과 아임계 추출(압력 3 MPa, 온도 90, 150, 210℃)을 이용하여 제조하였다. 추출 수율은 아임계 추출＞열수 추출＞용매 추출 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 아임계 추출의 경우 추출 온도 조건이 높아지면서 수율 또한 증가하였으며 210℃에서 가장 높은 수율 결과를 나타냈다. 해조류 추출물의 총당 분석 결과 열수와 용매 추출의 경우 모든 시료에서 열수 추출이 높은 총당 함량을 보였으며, 아임계 추출의 경우 모든 조건(90, 150, 210℃)의 추출물이 용매 추출보다는 높은 총당 함량을 보였다. 시료별 총당 함량의 경우 열수 추출물은 파래, 김, 톳, 미역, 다시마 순으로 당 함량이 높았으며, 이러한 결과는 아임계 추출의 경우에서도 동일한 결과를 보였다. 환원당 분석 결과도 총당 결과와 유사하였다. 5종 해조류 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 210℃ 아임계 추출물＞150℃ 아임계 추출물＞90℃ 아임계 추출물＞열수 추출물＞methanol 추출물＞ethanol 추출물 순으로 높게 나타났다. 해조류 추출물의 DPPH radical 소거능을 측정한 결과, 모든 해조류 시료에서 열수 추출, 용매 추출, 3 MPa, 90℃ 아임계 추출물의 SC50 값은 서로 유사한 결과를 보였으며, 150℃ 아임계 추출물의 경우 농도가 조금 낮아졌으며, 특히 210℃아임계 추출물의 경우 SC50 농도가 현저히 낮아져 항산화 활성이 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 미백효과 실험을 위해 tyrosinase 저해 효과를 살펴본 결과 톳과 김이 가장 효과가 좋았으며 미역, 다시마, 미역귀 순으로 나타났고, 파래의 경우 거의 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 새로운 추출방법인 아임계 추출법은 다른 방법에 비하여 높은 항산화 활성을 보여준다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었고, 이러한 추출공정은 식품소재로부터 기능성 성분을 보다 더 효과적으로 추출하는 방법으로 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 식품, 화장품 및 의약품 소재로 활용 가능성에 대해 알아보고자 우산나물 뿌리와 지상부에 대한 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 우산나물 뿌리 열수 추출물(RHW)은 4.58 mg/g의 플라보노이드와 59.11 mg/g의 폴리페놀 화합물을 함유하였으며, 지상부 열수 추출물(APHW)은 각각 2.79 mg/g과 48.01 mg/g을 함유하였다. SOD 유사활성능은 RHW에서 23.74%, APHW는 21.61%를 나타내었다. 아질산염 소거능은 2,000 μg/mL에서 RHW는 pH 1.2에서 63.06%였으며, pH 3.0에서는 47.16%로 아질산염을 50% 소거하는 IC50은 ascorbic acid 99.93 ug/mL, RHW 1,150.85 μg/mL, 그리고 APHW에서는 1,610.25 μg/mL이었다. DPPH free radical 소거능에 대한 IC50은 RHW 99.87 μg/mL, APHW 118.29 μg/mL를 나타내었다. Xanthine oxidase에 대한 IC50은 RHW에서 139.62 μg/mL였으며, APHW는 111.11 μg/mL으로 xanthine oxidase 저해능은 우산나물 지상부의 열수 추출물인 APHW가 뿌리 열수 추출물인 RHW보다 좀더 낮은 농도에서 50%의 활성을 나타내었으나, 플라보노이드와 폴리페놀 화합물 함량, SOD 유사활성, 아질산염 소거 및 DPPH free radical 소거능은 RHW가 APHW보다 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과 우산나물은 기능성 식품과 화장품 그리고 의약품 개발을 위한 항산화 소재로 활용 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the extraction characteristics including total polyphenol compound content (TPC) and the antioxidative effect of Rumex crispus root extract on commercial corn oil. Extraction yield was increased with extraction temperature but decreased with extraction ratio. No significant differences in aromatics content were found among the extracts prepared with various extraction conditions; extraction ratio, extraction temperature, extraction pH and composition of extractant. Total flavonoid content of the extract was increased with extraction temperature and extraction pH, and highest value of it was found when extractant composition of ethanol in water was 75%. Total polyphenol compound content (TPC) of the extract with 10 fold extraction ratio showed the highest value, but no significant difference in TPC was found with extraction temperature. Reducing power and DPPH (α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging ability (RSA) of the extract in spectrophotometric absorbance were decreased with extraction ratio but increased with extraction temperature and showed 63.1%~98.4% and 67.6%~86.7% of those of ascorbic acid in reducing power and DPPH RSA, respectively. The antioxidative effects of the extract on corn oil were 84.8~93.0% of that of commercial butylated hydroxytoluene, the antioxidant index value was highest when the ethanol composition to water in extractant was equal ratio.

Eucommia ulmoides OLIVER (EU) is a traditional Korean herbal used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, the molecular pharmacology basis of its anti-inflammatory effect is revealed in this work, EU was studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) as an established inflammation model. After activation, nitric oxide (NO) production and iNOS mRNA were measured by using a colorimetric assay (Griess reagent), and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The change in the content of PGE2, TNFα, and IL-6 was concurrently monitored by ELISA. In results, we found that in the concentration range without showing cytotoxicity, EU produced a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect and showed a dose-dependent inhibition of LPSinduced NO production. Compared with indomethacin, EU has more potency and a specific action of NO inhibition, PGE2, IL-6, and TNF-α inhibition. These results suggest that EU may be a suitable herbal medicine to yield the greatest anti-inflammatory activity for food additives and medicine.

This study was performed to observe the effects of the feeding physiological activity substance in Cordyceps militaris hot-water extract intake on the improvement of lipid components and metabolic enzyme activities in the serum of dietary hyperlipidemic rats (SD strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. The concentrations of cholesterol (total cholesterol, β-lipoprotein, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester), atherosclerotic index, triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL) and blood glucose in sera were remarkably lower in the Cordyceps militaris extract intake group than in the hyperlipidemic rats. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration was higher percentage in the Cordyceps militaris extract intake group than in the hyperlipidemic rats. The activities aminotransferase (AST, ALT) in sera were rather lower in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration than in the hyperlipidemic rats. From the above research, Cordyceps militaris extract were effective on the improvement of the lipid compositions in sera of dietary hyperlipidemic rats.

천연염색을 원예치료 프로그램에 활용하기 위한 자료 확보 차원에서 전통적인 청색염료인 대청(Isatis tinctoria)의 열수 추출물 1%액을 이용하여 염색온도와 시간을 달리하여 견과 면직물에 대한 염색성을 조사하였다. 염색 온도는 견직물의 경우 70～80℃에서, 면직물은 80～90℃에서 20분간 침지 염색을 하였으며, 매염은 명반[AlK(SO4)2·12H2O], 황산구리(CuSO4) 및 황산제1철(FeSO4)을 각각 3% 농도로 하여 25±2℃에서 20분간 후매염을 기본으로 하였다. 견과 면직물의 표면색은 R, RP 및 YR 계열로 나타났으며, 견과 면직물 모두 염색시간과 온도의 영향은 적게 받았으나 매염제 종류에 따른 차이가 컸다. 헌터 a값은 견직물의 경우 2.76～21.03, 면직물은 0.09～11.06을 나타냈으며, b값은 견직물의 경우 -0.16～16.50, 면직물은 -0.79～12.16을 나타내었다. 염색포의 ᐃE값은 견직물의 경우 27.23～44.11, 면직물은 11.36～20.98을 나타내었다. 따라서 견직물은 70～80℃, 면직물은 80～90℃에서 20분 정도로 염색을 하되, 매염제를 달리하여 다양한 색상으로 발색을 시키는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다.

The desmutagenic activity of the water extract of Areca catechu L. on the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), N-methyl-N-nitro-N'-nitrosoguani-dine (MNNG), mitomycin C (MMC) and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) was studied by using the SOS Chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. The inhibition rates of water extract of Areca catechu L. at concentration of 100μg/assay were 41.0%, 47%, 46%, and 32% against AFB1, MNNG, MMC and 4-NQO, respectively. The water extract of Areca catechu L. was separated into methanol soluble and methanol insoluble parts. The methanol insoluble part exhibited higher inhibition effect than the methanol soluble part against the mutagenic activities of MNNG. Step-wise fractionation of methanol insoluble part was done to obtain methanol, ethyl acetate and water fractions. Among these fractions, water fraction had the strongest inhibitory effect of 45.0% against mutagenicities of MNNG. The inhibition rates of aqueous fraction of methanol-insoluble from water extracted Areca catechu L. at concentrations of 1.61, 16.13, 161.29 and 322.58μg/mL were 12.0%, 24.0%, 47.5% and 62.0%, respectively. The water fraction showed the inhibitory effects with dose response against the mutagenic activity induced by MNNG.

In this study, ginseng flower water extracts were analyzed to set up the ginsenoside content and quality optimization condition. The highest total ginsenoside content among the ginseng flower water extracts was 67.44mg/g which was extracted at 85℃ for 3 hours. In addition, the ginsenoside content decreased according to the increased extraction temperature and time. The highest total content of Rb2 and Re was 37.42mg/g at 75℃ for 6 hours. Total content of Rb2 and Re decreased according to the increased extraction temperature and time. The highest prosapogenin (Rg2 + Rg3 + Rh1) content among the total of ginseng flower water extracts was 18.58mg/g which was extracted at 95℃ for 12 hours. The sweetness, absorbance were increased according to the increased extraction temperature and time. But pH was decreased according to the increased extraction time.

본 연구에서는 시판 메밀차 열수 추출물의 항산화 효과 및 신경세포 보호효과를 조사하였다. 시판 메밀차 열수 추출물의 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성, FRAP 및 MDA 생성 저해 실험결과 농도 의존적인 경향이 나타났으며 또한 높은 항산화 활성을 보여주었다. 과산화수소로 유발된 산화적 손상에 의한 ROS 축적량을 조사한 결과 단독 처리구보다 메밀차 열수 추출물 처리구에서 낮은 ROS 축적량을 나타내었다. MTT 및 LDH 분석을 통한 PC12 세포

This study was performed to assess the antioxidant activities and whitening effects of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb on melanin synthesis. The whitening effects of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb water extracts were examined by in vitro mushroom tyrosinase assay and B16BL6 melanoma cells. We assessed inhibitory effect of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb water extract on expression of melanogenic enzyme proteins including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2) in B16BL6 cells. Inhibitory effect of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb onto free radical generation was determined by measuring DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activitie. Our results indicated that Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb water extract effectively inhibited free radical generation. In DPPH and hydroxy radical scavenging activity, Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb water extract had a potent anti-oxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. They significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity in vitro and in B16BL6 melanoma cells. Also, Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb suppressed the expression of tyrosinase in B16BL6 melanoma cells. These results show that Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb inhibited melanin production on the melanogenesis. The underlying mechanism of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb on whitening activity may be due to the inhibition of tyrosinase activity. We suggest that Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb may be useful as new natural active ingredients for antioxidant and whitening cosmetics.

청미래덩굴 뿌리(Smilacis rhizoma)로부터 칼슘과 결합하는 물질을 분리하고자 열수로 추출한 추출물을 ion exchange, normal-phase HPLC 및 gel filtration chromatogarphy를 이용하여 칼슘 결합 물질을 순차적으로 분리하였다. 그 결과 ion exchange chromatography에서 7개의 major peaks를 얻었으며, 이 중 F6 fraction이 0.083 mM로 칼슘과 가장 높은 결

Liriope platyphylla has been though as an useful medical plant to improve the cough, sputum, neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, and diabetes in Korea and China from old times. In order to investigate the effects of Liriope platyphylla on expression and secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF), the mRNA expression and protein secretion were detected in the neuronal cell (B35) and neuroglial cell (C6) cultured with three differences concentration (5%, 10%, 15%) of Liriope platyphylla. In MTT assay and FACS anslysis, the some death of some B35 and C6 cells were observed in 15% extract-treated group, while other groups did not induce the death. Also, the mRNA expression of NGF were significantly increased in 5% and 10% extracts treated-group. Furthermore, the NGF protein concentration in supernatant collected from cultured cells showed the very similar pattern with mRNA expression. In order to verify the activity of secreted NGF, the culture supernatant collected from B35 and C6 cells cultured with Liriope platyphylla extracts for 24 hrs were treated into undifferentiated PC12 cells, and the differentiation level of PC12 cell were also observed with microscopes. The differentiation level of PC12 cell were significantly increased depend on the dose of extract. Therefore, these results suggested that the water extracts of Liriope platyphylla may contribute the regulation of NGF expression and secretion in the neuronal cell and be considered as an excellent candidate for a neurodegenerative disease-therapeutic drug.

The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-allergic reaction with Glycyrrhiza uralensis. We examined cell viability, β-hexosaminidase release, IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA expression from RBL-2H3 cell after pre-treatment with 0, 100, 250, 500, 1000μg/ml of Glycyrrhiza uralensis water extracts. Effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis on the degranulation and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) expression were evaluated with β-hexosaminidase assay, and RT-PCR analysis. We observed that Glycyrrhiza uralensis concentrations from 100μg/ml to 1000μg/ml had no effect on cell survival. The release of β-hexosaminidase decreased significantly with all concentrations of Glycyrrhiza uralensis extracts. The expression of the IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA were decreased by Glycyrrhiza uralensis in dose-dependent manner. These results that Glycyrrhiza uralensis has an anti-histamin effects and controls IL-4, IL-13 secretion on allergic reaction.

흑미의 이용도를 높이고 항산화능이 있는 새로운 기능성 김치를 개발하기 위하여 흑미색소추출액에 절임배추를 침지하여 흑미색소가 배추에 흡수되도록 한 후 흑미풀을 첨가하여 배추김치를 제조하였다. 흑미색소추출액의 항산화능은 양성대조구인 -tocopherol (0.1%)의 를 나타내었다. 흑미를 처리한 배추김치를 저온에 저장하면서 김치의 물리화학적 특성의 변화를 측정한 결과, 흑미 처리에 의해 김치의 가식기간이 연장되는 효과가 관찰되었다. 즉, 흑미처리구