In order to verify the strength of slurry shotcrete compared to existing shotcrete, The results were analyzed and evaluated.

To identify the flora of the vascular plants in the Anmyeon Island, field surveys were conducted from June, 2015 to August, 2016. Based on the collected specimens, the vascular plants of the Anmyeon Island were summarized as 717 taxa: 119 families, 400 genera, 632 species, 5 subspecies, 73 varieties and 7 formas. Among the 717 identified taxa, 17 rare plants designated by the Koren Forest Service according to the IUCN valuation species were described: 3 taxa of critically endangered species (CR), 1 taxa of endangered species (EN), 6 taxa of least concerned species (LC), 7 taxa of vulnerable species (VU). 99 taxa of floristic regional indicator plants specially designated by Ministry of Environment also were identified. In addition, 6 Korean endemic species such as Forsythia koreana Nakai and Hemerocallis taeanensis S.S.Kang & M.G.Chung, and 91 naturalized plants such as Rumex acetocella L., Amaranthus lividus L. and Diodia teres Walter etc. were described.

조영제의 혈관외유출을 한번이라도 경험한 방사선사들은 혈관외유출의 발생에 대한 두려움으로 검사하 는 동안 정신적 고통을 수반하게 된다. 환자의 경우 심한 신체적, 정신적 고통과 의료진 및 의료에 대한 불 신을 갖게 되므로 미연에 예방할 수 있는 방안의 마련이 무엇보다 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 조영제 주입 시 압력인 PSI를 낮추어 혈관외유출을 예방하고자 하며 그 방안으로 자동주입기와 환자의 정맥주사 바늘에 연결되는 Y자 형태의 연결관(connecting tube)의 직경에 따른 조영제 주입 시 PSI의 변화를 비교 분 석하고자 하였다. Y형태의 연결관 직경이 약 2 mm 정도인 A제품의 경우 전체 평균 연령의 PSI는 98.5, 표 준편차 9.72로 나타났다. 연결관 직경 약 3 mm 정도인 B제품의 경우 전체 연령의 평균 PSI는 62.0, 표준편 차 8.59로 나타났다. 이것은 직경이 더 넓은 B제품의 경우 A제품과 비교했을 때 평균압력이 37.05% 감소한 결과이다.

목적: 본 연구는 유소년 축구선수의 역경 극복 경험을 기반으로 한 축구 긍정심리자본 개념을 탐색할 목적으로 진행하였다. 방법: 긍정심리자본에 관한 선행연구 고찰하여 개방형 설문지를 제작해 서울과 경기 지역에 위치한 유소년 축구클럽 소속의 초ㆍ중등학교 축구선수 73명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 이후 검사지 개발 및 타당도 검증을 위해 262명의 유소년 축구선수가 참여하였으며, 확인적 요인분석을 위해 273명의 유소년 축구선수가 자료를 제공하였다. 수집된 개방형 설문지 자료는 귀납적 내용분석을 통해 범주화 하였으며, 범주화를 토대로 도출 된 결과는 SPSS 19.0과 AMOS 18.0을 이용하여 기술 통계 분석, 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석으로 결과를 도출하였다. 결과: 첫째, 유소년 축구선수의 긍정심리자본은 총 114개의 원자료가 수집되었으며, 자기 신념, 한계 극복, 인내, 성장 발판 등 9개 하위 범주로 분류되었고, 이는 자기효능감, 회복탄력성, 낙관성, 희망 등 4개 범주로 분류되었다. 둘째, 탐색적 요인분석을 도출한 유소년 축구선수의 긍정심리자본 결과는 평균과 표준편차, 왜도와 첨도 등 비교적 타당한 결과를 나타냈다. 셋째, 확인적 요인분석을 통해 유소년 축구선수의 긍정심리자본은 14문항이 적합도 수준에 있어 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 유소년 축구선수는 주관적 경험과 해석에 따른 역경을 경험하지만 자신의 심리자원을 토대로 극복하여 긍정심리자본을 형성하였다. 본 연구가 유소년 축구선수의 긍정심리자본개념을 이해함과 동시에 유소년 선수의 축구 긍정심리자본 구축에 관심의 계기가 되기를 기대한다.

본 연구의 목적은 수학에 대한 자기효능감과 내재적 동기에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인을 추 출하고, 이 요인들 사이의 연관성 정도를 알아보는데 있다. 이를 위해 국가 수준에서 수집된 한국교육종단연구(2005) 자료를 데이터 마이닝 기법을 이용하여 분석한 결과, 수학교과에 대한 자기효능감에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인은 내재적 동기, 통제 기대, 초인지이고, 내재적 동기에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인은 자기효능감, 노력과 끈기, 숙달 접근인 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 자 기효능감과 내재적 동기는 수학 이해도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

We evaluated the antioxidative activity of extracts of P. lobata root depending on roasting conditions. P. lobata roots were roasted at three different temperature at 150℃, 200℃, and 250℃ and three different time at 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min respectively. Roasted P. lobata root was extracted using water at 85℃ for 6 h and filtered using filter paper, followed by then evaporated (12±0.3 °Brix) and freeze-dried. The concentration of maker compound puerarin was determined using a high performance liquid chromatography system. 2 phenolic compounds, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities of the extract powder were evaluated. Puerarin contents, Phenolic compounds, and flavonoid contents of roasted P. lobata root were higher than those of unroasted P. lobata root. The results of DPPH and ABTS showed that roasted P. lobata root possessed higher antioxidant activity than unroasted P. lobata root. This study suggested that roasting process could be applied to P. lobata root in order to achieve its high quality and functionality.

본 연구는 자생식물 참나무과(Fagaceae)인 붉가시나무, 참가시나무, 종가시나무, 개가시 나무, 구실잣밤나무 5종을 이용하여 친환경 농자재로 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수용성 추출액 농도에 따른 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Diaporthe citri, Phytophthora capsici 등 5종의 작물 병원균에 하여 생장을 조사하였다. 공여체식물별에 따른 수용성 추출 액 농도가 증가됨에 따라 작물 병원균 균사의 생장이 감소하는 경향을 보이나 공여체식물 과 병원균의 종류에 따라 억제의 정도차이를 보였다. 구실잣밤나무의 수용성 추출액인 경 우 Diaporthe citri, Phytophthora capsici, Pythium graminicola에 대하여 25% 처리구에서 약 84%의 균사 생장을 억제하였고 50% 이상 처리구에서는 87%의 균사 생장을 억제하는 것으 로 분석되었다. Diaporthe citri의 경우 붉가시나무 수용성 추출액에서는 균사의 생장을 억 제하지 못하는 것으로 분석되었다. 참가시나무, 종가시나무, 개가시나무는 15% 내외로 미 비하게 균사생장을 억제 되었다. 항균활성을 보이는 수용체식물의 총 페놀 함량은 구실잣 밤나무 22.32 mg/g, 참가시나무 8.32 mg/g, 종가시나무 6.83 mg/g, 개가시나무 5.95 mg/g, 붉 가시나무 5.24 mg/g 순으로 분석되었으며, 참나무과 5종 중 구실잣밤나무의 수용성 추출액 이 가장 항균력이 우수한 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구의 목적은 8가지 한약재(가지, 금은화, 감초, 천궁, 당귀, 황련, 치자, 연교)로 구성된 가지청열소 독음의 항산화 효과와 항염증 효과를 검증하여 효과적인 화장품소재로서의 가능성을 확인하는 것이다. 한약재의 구성과 비율은 동의보감에 수록된 청열소독음(淸熱蘇毒飮) 처방을 변형시켜 사용하였고 추출은 열수와 70% 에 탄올로 하여 동결건조 분말화하였다. 항산화 효능을 확인하기 위해 라디칼 소거능력(DPPH, ABTS+, superoxide), superoxide dismutase (SOD)유사활성능력, 총 폴리페놀 화합물 함량을 조사하였고 항염증 효능을 확 인하기 위해 LPS (lipopolysaccharide)로 염증반응을 유도시킨 RAW264.7 대식세포에서의 nitric oxide (NO)생성 저해력과 western blot 분석을 통한 염증 관련 단백질 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)와 cyclooxygenase (COX-2)의 발현 저해를 확인하였다. 그 결과, 가지청열소독음은 뛰어난 항산화 효과와 항염 증 효과를 나타내었고 화장품을 위한 효과적인 성분으로 사용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of rice cultivars (Hangaru, Seolgaeng, Dasan-1 and Anda) on the quality characteristics of rice beer. Hangaru and Seolgaeng which are soft rice varieties, had moisture contents that were 14.48% and 14.62% higher than those of Dasan-1 and Anda, respectively. Dasan-1 and Anda showed higher protein contents than those of the other two varieties. The amylose content of Hangaru was found to be 17.71% lower than that of the other varieties, whereas the reducing sugar content of Hangaru and Seolgaeng was higher than that of Dasan-1 and Anda. Hardness measurements for Hangaru and Seolgaeng were lower than those for Dasan-1 and Anda. Measurements of the alcohol content, pH and color of beers brewed using these rice cultivars revealed no significant difference among the cultivars. However, measurement results for bitterness showed that beers brewed with Hangaru and Seolgaeng had lower bitterness than did the beers brewed with Dasan-1 and Anda. The results of this study indicate that Hangaru and Seolgaeng can be considered as cultivars with brewing qualities suitable for rice beer.

The mixing of rice and brown rice produced in different years is banned in Korea by the grain management act. However, there has been no reported method for discriminating the production year of rice. The objective of this study was to develop a method for discriminating the production year of rice and brown rice based on their phospholipids content. One hundred rice samples and 130 brown rice samples produced between 2012 and 2015 were collected. Twelve phosphatidylcholine components were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Phosphatidylcholine was used as an internal standard to calculate the peak intensity of the samples. A statistical analysis of the results showed that the centroid distance between the stale and new rice was 4.16 and the classification ratio was 97%. To verify the calculated discriminant, 61 and 40 rice samples were collected. The accuracy of discrimination was 82% by primary verification and 80% by secondary verification. The statistical analysis of brown rice showed that the centroid distance between the stale and new brown rice was 3.14 and the classification ratio was 96%. To verify the calculated discriminant, 10 samples of new rice and 30 samples of stale rice were collected and the accuracy of discrimination was 93%. The accuracy of discrimination for rice stored at room temperature was 57.9 –92.1% and that for rice stored at a low temperature was 86.8–94.7%, depending on the storage period. For brown rice, the detection accuracy was 94.7–100% at room temperature and 92.1–100% at a low temperature, depending on the storage period. The accuracy of discrimination for rice was affected by the storage temperature and time, while that for brown rice was more than 92% regardless of the storage conditions. These results suggest that the developed discriminant analysis method could be utilized to determine the production year of rice and brown rice.

This study was carried out to compare the cooking and antioxidant characteristics of rice containing varying amounts of glutinous rice and cooked by two methods. Rice containing glutinous rice was cooked by general and high-pressure cooking methods with and without fermented alcohol. Pasting characteristics of cooked rice were decreased with increasing amounts of glutinous rice. The water binding capacity and swelling power were significantly decreased with increasing amounts of glutinous rice; however, water solubility indices were significantly increased. Palatability characteristics of cooked rice containing glutinous rice were similar to those of cooked rice without glutinous rice. Total polyphenol contents of cooked rice containing glutinous rice and fermented alcohol were quite different, but this difference was not significant. Total flavonoid contents were increased with increasing amounts of glutinous rice. Total flavonoid content by general cooking method for rice containing 20% glutinous rice and fermented alcohol was 23.20 ± 0.61 μg CE/g. DPPH radical-scavenging activities for samples with and without glutinous rice were 2.97–5.19 and 3.19–5.45 mg TE/100 g, respectively. ABTS radical-scavenging activity by high-pressure cooking method for rice containing 20% glutinous rice and fermented alcohol was 19.48 ± 0.63 mg TE/100 g. In this study, cooking and antioxidant characteristics of cooked rice containing glutinous rice generated data useful for manufacturing processed products.

This study is a basic research with the aim of developing the method of judging the leakage zone by grasping the habitat characteristic of agricultural reservoir slope in inhabiting characteristics appear differently according to natural inhabiting environment. To this end, this study is intending to investigate slope vegetation using a quadrat technique at Sinheung reservoir located at Gwangsi-myeon, Yesan-gun, Chungnam, and to perform the analysis of importance value using relative frequency and relative coverage, etc. Also, this study intended to present the necessity of having to consider the eco-system of the relevant region in time of a reservoir slope afforestation for the time to come by suggesting that the reservoir slope vegetation after a stable period becomes similar to the regional vegetation by comparing this study result with the existing research which carried out the analysis of importance value of forest vegetation for Yesan Region. The reservoir slope vegetation is similar to the indicator species which appear in the regional forest vegetation, so there was a need to select afforestation species in the light of this in time of slope afforestation. As a result of the analysis of the importance value, this study grasped that there was an emergence characteristic similar to the vegetation at a birthplace of a forest fires because growth and development of forest trees, and perennial plants were restricted by annually implemented brush-cutting work, etc.; however, indigo plant and bush clover , etc. were found to show the characteristic differing from this. Consequently, this study was able to confirm that there is the necessity of having to create the Importance Value Table suited for reservoir slopes by region through a lot more data construction in the near future.