By analyzing the compressive strength througth field test execution on the shotcrete mixture with 40% blast furnace slag and slurry accelerator, confirmed the suitability as subsea tunnel material. As a result, strength characteristic on the anti-chloride shotcrete is excellent evaluated in terms of compressive strength compared with existing shotcrete.

This study is a part of the research on the development of safety monitoring system and monitoring program of 3MW offshore wind support structure using fiber optic sensor. In this paper, we propose a maintenance system for offshore wind support structure using fiber optic sensor based on the analysis of current monitoring status and related standards of domestic and overseas offshore wind support jacket structures.

In this study, the effect of electromagnetic wave from an electronic device on electric sensor system and optic sensor were analyzed to verify the reduction effect of a optic sensor and applicability to marin structure. Test revealed that optic sensor system was not occurred the noise by electromagnetic waves also had the low range of fluctuation.

In this study, it modeled the ground proper to geotechnical site characteristics in Korean urban area, compared geotechnical site characteristics of the selected 158 grounds in Korean urban areas with characteristics of the ground in the western part of the United States and performed earthquake responses to improve the decision method of the design earthquake force. Based on the amplification factor from the analysis results, the response spectra of each ground were developed and analyzed with the design response spectra presented in the seismic design criteria.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of Tenebrio molitor. Macrophage cell response by outside stimulation leads expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and trigger expression of genes which are affected by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), resulting in formation of inflammatory factors like nitric oxide (NO) and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. In order to investigate anti-inflammatory agents, the inhibitory effects on the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO in RAW 264.7 cells were examined. T. Molitor significantly decreased the production of NO in a dose-dependent manner, and also reduced the expression of iNOS, a COX-2 protein. As a result, the levels of protein such as PGE2, iNOS, COX-2 and MARKs were significantly reduced compared to non-treated group in T. Molitor water extract (TDW) treated group. Also, antioxidant effect of T. Molitor were investigated using DPPH, ABTS+ and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity tests in cell-free system. Antioxidant activity of T. molitor was found low in the DPPH radical scavenging test while high in the ABTS+ and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity tests. These results show that TDW could be an effective anti-pro-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of no-tillage on sequential cropping supported from recycling of first crop ridge on the productivity of crop and physical properties of soil under green house condition. This study is a part of “No-tillage agriculture of Korea-type on recycled ridge”. From results for distribution of soil particle size with time process after tillage, soil particles were composed with granular structure in both tillage and no-tillage. No-tillage soil in distribution of above 2 mm soil particle increased at top soil and subsoil compared with tillage soil. Tillage and one year of no-tillage soil were not a significant difference at above 0.25 mm~below 0.5 mm, above 0.5 mm~below 1.0 mm, and above 1.0 mm of water-stable aggregate. Two years of no-tillage soil was significantly increased by 8.2%, 4.5%, and 1.7% at above 0.25 mm~below 0.5 mm, above 0.5 mm~below 1.0 mm, and above 1.0 mm of water-stable aggregate, respectively, compared with one year of no-tillage. Bulk density of top soil was 1.10 MG m3 at tillage and 1.30 MG m3 at one year of no-tillage. Bulk density of top soil was 1.14 MG m3 at two years and 1.03 MG m3 at three years of no-tillage, respectively. Bulk density of subsoil was a similar tendency. Solid phase ratio in top soil and subsoil was increased at one year of no-tillage compared with tillage soil, while soil phase ratio decreased at two and three years of no-tillage. Pore space ratio in tillage top soil (58.5%) was decreased by 8.5% at compared with no-tillage soil (51.0%). Pore space ratio was 56.9% and 61.2% at two and three years of no-tillage soil, respectively. Subsoil was a similar tendency. Gaseous phase ratio was decreased at one year of no-tillage soil, and increased at two and three years of no-tillage soil compared with tillage soil. Liquid phase ratio in top soil was increased at one year of no-tillage (28.3%), and decreased at two years (23.4%) and at three years (18.3 %) of no-tillage soil compared with tillage soil (24.2%). Subsoil was a similar tendency. Liquid phase ratio in subsoil was increased than top soil.

Early maturity of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important character for double cultivating system with winter crops such as onion or garlic in southern area of Korea. Soybean cultivars released in the past, especially ‘Keunolkong’ was widely cultivated but it was weak at abiotic stress and low yield potential because of too short growing period and short stem height. ‘Hanol’, a new early maturing cultivar showing better abiotic stress tolerant and higher yield potential, was developed from the cross between SS91408 and ‘Hwaeomputkong’, and released in 2009. ‘Hanol’ is, compared to ‘Keunolkong’, Hanol’s growing period is five days longer and its height is 5cm higher. In addition, it showed better excess-water tolerant and 26.5g 100-seed weight. At regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) in six regions from 2007 to 2009, ‘Hanol’ showed 2.04 tons of seed per hectare, 14% higher than ‘Keunolkong’ (1.80ton/ha). ‘Hanol’ is promising for double cropping system with higher yield.

Floral pattern plays a vital role in flower structure. The most basic factors that make up the floral pattern are spots and lines in Sedirea japonica. These factors were expressed in a various pattern according to their location and the type of the flower. Frequent expression pattern is higher in the left side of lateral sepal and labellum than petal and dorsal sepal. The expression type in one plant is usually very different according to right or left of sepals, flowering orders, and flowering times and in some individuals, expression pattern remained constant in all flowers. Two hybrids from the cross between Hygrochilus parishii and H. pasishii var. purpureus hybrid (Hongjadan) have shown similar flower characteristics (flower size, flower background color, and pattern distribution) to those of H. pasishii with the exception of the pattern, size, and expression of the number of spots, and pattern shape of labellum including morphology. The flower of an offspring from Hongjadan x S. japonicum (K10) showed petals and sepals without pattern, red flecks, red spot, and red sectors. The shape and back ground color of labellum were similar to those of Hongjadan and S. japonica. The results of this study will be helpful for breeding new cultivars of Sedirea japonica.

Biochemical methane potential (BMP) of residual wastes from transesterification was tested to safely recycle carcass via rendering process. The carcass was obtained from a buried site for avian influenza (AI) infected poultry. Rendered lipid generated by a pilot-scale high-pressure rendering process was the main source of transesterification for biodiesel recovery. To test the feasibility of waste-to-energy approach for AI infected carcass, we compared the BMPs of various fractions of rendered materials from the carcass. BMP and specific methanogenic activity results indicate that transesterification waste shows better digestibility than that of rendered lipid, and the digestion performance was comparable to that of liquid residue. Biogas yields of glycerol, rendered lipids, and liquid residue were estimated as 0.11 L/g chemical oxygen demand (COD), 0.06 L/g COD, and 0.17 L/g COD, respectively. Regression analysis support that biogas production rate of glycerol (21 mL/g COD/d) was much faster than that of lipid (7 mL/g COD/d) while that of liquid residue was similar (24 mL/g COD/d). In summary using transesterification waste as a bioresource for bioenergy conversion can be a viable and sustainable option for the complete termination of burial site.

육류소비는 가축사육의 비약적인 증가를 초래함과 동시에 조류독감과 구제역 등의 전염병 발병으로 인해 오염된 닭, 오리, 소, 돼지 등이 대량 폐사되는 사례가 늘어나고 있다. 이로 인해 폐사축을 처리 및 처분하여 매몰지를 소멸화 하는 방법들이 강구되고 있다. 그 중 렌더링공정을 이용하여 고온 고압 하에서 폐사축을 전처리하여 발생된 지방을 전이에스테르화하여 바이오디젤을 생산하는 방법이 주목 받고 있는데, 이 역시 바이오디젤을 생산할 수 있는 반면 글리세롤이 폐기물로 발생된다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구는 이 글리세롤을 혐기성 소화의 탄소원과 에너지원으로 사용하여 바이오가스로 전환하는 가능성을 평가하기위해 생화학적 메탄 포텐셜(biochemical methane potential, BMP)테스트를 시행하였다. 반응조 COD농도를 1g으로 설정하고 섭씨 37도 배양기에서 혐기성 입상슬러지를 식종균으로 14일 동안 바이오가스 발생을 모니터링한 결과, 글리세롤로 부터 약 50~58 mL/g COD의 메탄수율 획득이 가능함을 밝혔다. 또한 글리세롤의 바이오가스 전환이 7일 이내에 종료되는 것으로 나타났으며, AI 폐사축으로부터 바이오디젤을 생산 후 나온 부산물인 글리세롤을 자원화하는 혐기성소화 시 메탄생성속도는 7.0~8.3 mL/gCOD･d로 나타났다.

수은은 온도계, 혈압계, 치과용 아말감, 전지, 형광등과 의약품 등 많이 사용되고 산업적으로도 전기 스위치, 촉매 등으로 중요하게 사용된다. 수은은 증기 흡입 시 폐렴을 유발하고 중추신경계와 신장에 영향을 줄 수 있을 정도로 매우 위험하여 수은과 수은 화합물의 사용이 금지되거나 제한을 받고 있으며, 대체물질과 대체 공정의 개발을 위한 노력이 행해지고 있다. 최근 연이은 병원, 학교 등의 혈압계, 온도계의 수은 누출사고와 형광등 생산시설인 (주)남영전구 광주공장의 해체 및 철거 중 수은 누출로 인한 근로자의 수은 중독 및 환경오염 사고와 비철금속업체의 수은 폐기물 처리문제가 대두되었다. 전국 병원 2,500개소 설문조사 결과, 143개 병원에서 혈압 및 체온계의 약 4천여개(수은량 : 약 140 kg)가 회수와 폐기가 필요한 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 미나마타 협약에서 요구되는 수은 수출･입, 공급원 파악, 임시보관 및 유통･보관, 회수, 처리 등 단계별 수은의 회수, 유통, 관리에 대한 체계 구축이 미흡하다. 수은폐기물은 미나마타협약에 의하여 ‘수은 구성 폐기물’, ‘수은 함유 폐기물’, ‘수은 오염 폐기물’로 나눠지고 본 연구에서는 ‘수은 함유 폐기물과 오염 폐기물’의 수입, 유통, 회수, 폐기 등 전과정 단계별 흐름 분석을 통하여 수은의 국내 흐름을 파악하고 관련 법 제도의 문제점을 분석하고자 함에 있다. 또한 수은 관련 유통량을 조사하고 폐기물의 처리 공정을 파악하여 대상 물질, 원료 사용량, 시스템 경계 설정, 데이터 수집 및 분석, 계산과 검증 등의 절차를 걸쳐 물질수지에 근거하여 ‘물질흐름도’를 작성하여 도출하였다. 물질흐름분석을 보다 쉽게 활용하고 적용할 수 있도록 ‘물질흐름분석 소프트웨어(STAN 2.5)를 활용하여 공정 내의 데이터 유입과 유출을 Shankey diagram 형태로 표현하였다. 연구 결과, 원자재 수은의 국내 유통량은 2014년 기준 국내 유입량은 약 3톤(제조량: 1 ton, 수입량: 2 ton)으로 집계되고 수입된 수은은 대부분 형광램프 제조(2.01 ton), 시약(0.76 ton), 촉매(0.12 ton) 등의 용도로 사용된 것으로 나타났다. 회수량은 문헌 조사 결과 수은 함유 부산물 및 폐기물 관리를 위해 도입되는 시나리오별 두 가지 기준을 적용하여 회수 가능량을 추정하였다. 시나리오에 따라 27.3 ton/yr, 25.4 ton/yr으로 예측하였다. 원자재 수은의 국내 재고량은 대략 0.5 ton/yr으로 보인다.

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is mandatory in adipogenesis. In this study, we investigated the applicability of functional materials for the treatment of obesity by examining Wnt/β-catenin pathway reporter activity related to adipocyte differentiation inhibiting with korean native plant extracts. The luciferase activity of HEK 293-TOP cells increased the reporter activity approximately 152% and 130% by treatment with Sanguisorba officinalis and Thuja orientalis, respectively. Ricinus communis were represented about 90% higher activity, two samples(Rosa rugosa and Sophorae Flos) showed 80% higher activity than the control. Three samples of plant extracts (Zanthoxylum piperitum, Pueraria thunbergiana, Solanum nigrum) were about 70% higher activity compared with the non-treated control. Cytotoxicity of plant extracts was not detected in the rat neural stem cells. These results suggest that the selected eight plant extracts are safe compounds. Our findings indicate that Wnt/β-catenin pathway reporter activity could be used for high throughput screening system. In addition, the plant extracts selected as candidates for adipocyte differentiation inhibiting may be potential therapeutic agents for obesity, it will be exploring the possibility of developing an anti-obesity materials through further experiments with selected plant extracts.

By analyzing the flexural capacity of shotcrete mixture with blast furnace slag and confirmed the suitability as subsea tunnel support of the long-term repeated soaked in chloride-ion slag shotcrete. As a result, the shotcrete mixture with slag is excellent evaluated in terms of flexural capacity compared with existing shotcrete.

In this study, we tried to review the potential of commercialization of the developed product of aerated concrete and floor mortar used in the construction of residential buildings such as apartment buildings. As a result, it was analyzed that the difference was negligent in terms of the depth of subsidence, though the developed product was good enough in terms of compressive strength and economic efficiency.

As development of the construction technique, new composite material has been developed and research on structures made of this material is needed recently. In this study, curved composite laminated frame structure with four ply is analyzed using shell elements. There are six angle change cases and maximum vertical displacement with case 2 and 6 which have ±45 degree is smaller than other cases’ displacements.

As the farmers who grow Chinese matrimony vine (Lycium chinense Miller) in rain-shelter greenhouses increase, it is necessary to develop a cultivar with early-flowering. In addition, the new varieties should be continuously selected in order to adapt to climate change and to respond to future demands. The new line, CB07423-104, was selected from the cross between Cheongmyeong (IT232706) and CB04341-286 in 2007 to breed a cultivar with early flowering and high yielding. Its preliminary yield tests were performed from 2009 to 2010 and the selected line was named Cheongyang 17. Its regional yield trial was carried out in Cheongyang, Yesan and Jindo from 2011 to 2013 and Cheongyang 17 was registered as the new variety, ‘Cheonghong’ (Certificate on grant of plant variety rights: Grant number No.5642, Protection period 06/07/2015 ~ 05/07/2035) in 2013. The major characteristics were summarized as follows; The plant shape was spreading type. Leaf had ellipsoidal small sizes and 3~5 leaves on a node. The fruit was oblong and yellowish red. The flowering time was June 17 and faster about 11 days than the check ‘Cheongmyeong’. The branching was generated less than the check variety. This cultivar has a lot of flowers bloom per a node and many fruits per a plant. The resistances to anthracnose and eriophyidae mite were a little better than that of the check variety. The content of betaine of dried-fruit and brix degree of fresh fruit were higher than those of the check. The dried-fruit yield was 16 percent higher than the check at regional yield trials conducted at Cheongyang, Yesan and Jindo. Applications are customarily available in both medicinal and edible. This variety has self-incompatibility. So, the companion variety, Cheongmyeong, was required as pollinizer and recommended to plant 1 : 1.

A soybean cultivar for soy-paste, ‘Hwangkeumol’, was developed from the cross between SS92414 (crossing line of ‘Pokwangkong’ and ‘Suwon163’) and ‘Hwaeomputkong’ by soybean breeding team in the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2010. A promising line, SS99409-2B-11-5-4, was selected and designated as the name of ‘Milyang202’. It was prominent and had good result from regional adaptation yield trials for three years from 2008 to 2010 and released as the name of ‘Hwangkeumol’. It has a determinate growth habit, white flower, gray pubescence, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum, spherical seed shape and large seed (28.6 grams per 100 seeds). Maturity date of ‘Hwangkeumol’ was as early as September 15th. Therefore it is suitable for double cropping system. ‘Hwangkeumol’ was resistant to bacterial pustule and resistant to soybean mosaic virus, the major soybean diseases in Korea and tolerant to lodging in fields. The average yield of ‘Hwangkeumol’ was 2.51 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out for three years from 2008 to 2010.

A soybean cultivar for soy-paste, ‘Uram’, was developed from the cross between ‘Suwon190’ and ‘SS99244’ (Shinpaldal-2 X T243) by soybean breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2010. A promising line, SS00232-B-B-3SSD-9-4-1-1, was selected and designated as the name of ‘Milyang188’. It was prominent and had good result from regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) in southern area of Korea for three years from 2008 to 2010 and released as the name of ‘Uram’. It has a determinate growth habit, white flower, gray pubescence, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum, spherical seed shape and large seed (25.8 grams per 100 seeds). ‘Uram’ was found to be resistant to bacterial pustule and soybean mosaic virus, the major soybean diseases in Korea. The lowest pod height of ‘Uram’ was 19cm and it will be able to reduce seed loss during mechanical harvesting. The average yield of ‘Uram’ is 3.27 ton per hectare in southern double cropping area. Through these results, ‘Uram’ is soybean cultivar that is favorable for mechanization harvesting, resistant to diseases and highly yield.

We investigated the antioxidative and protective effects of corn silk (Zea mays L.) ethanol extracts on human HaCaT cells and erythrocytes. The NICS-2 fraction, extracted from corn silk, exhibited favorable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities with IC50valuesof13.3± 0.3 μg/mL and 14.2 ± 0.1 μg/mL when compared with those of α-tocopherol, a positive control, with IC50=10.4± 02.2 and 22.2 ± 3.6 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, we investigated skin protection effects of NICS extracts of corn silk in HaCaT keratinocytes. To investigate the pharmacological potential of NICS-1 and NICS-2 extracts of corn silk on UV-B-induced damage in HaCaT cells, we measured the activity of interleukin (IL) 1a. Our results showed that all the corn silk extracts inhibited the UV-B-induced activity of IL-1a. In particular, NICS-1 extracts of corn silk significantly suppressed IL-1a activity in a dose-dependent manner without inducing cytotoxicity. These results indicate that the ethanol extracts of corn silk (Zea mays L.) could function as natural cytoprotective agents and antioxidants in biological systems, particularly the skin exposed to UV radiation, by protecting cellular membrane against reactive oxygen species (ROS).

The objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanical quality of cultivars that could potentially be used to processed cooked rice. Proximate composition, amylose content, cooking quality, and the Toyo value, were higher in Jungsaenggold than in the other cultivars. The results showed that the crude protein contents of the rice cultivars were between 4.60 and 6.59%. The amylose content was the highest in the Haedam cultivar (21.36%), but was the lowest in the Jungsaenggold cultivar (17.11%). Cooking quality was the highest in the Haiami and Jungsaenggold cultivar. Texture analyzer test showed that Ilpum had the lowest hardness and highest stickiness. Significant differences in the palatability characteristics (Toyo results for glossiness quality) of the rice flour were recorded using a Toyo Meter Analyzer. Ilpum, Samkwang, Haiami and Jungsaenggold had low amylose contents and the highest Toyo values. Thus, the results of this study suggested that Jungsaenggold can be effectively used to produce processed cooked rice.