We examined the effects of biological activity Phellinus linteus mycelium culture with cassiae semen extract. Firstly, the optimal temperature, initial pH and culture period for mycelial growth in a liquid culture of P. linteus were determined, and they were 30℃, pH 5.0 and 8 days respectively. The five herbal materials were examined against several health functional efficacies, and, as a result, Cassiae semen was chosen, with its superior inhibitory effects in β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity, electron donating activity, ACE inhibitory, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities(95.3%, 80.9%, 96.1 and 24.2%, respectively). P. linteus fruit body was investigated on β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity, electron donating activity, ACE inhibitory, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and they were 54.7%, 81.9%, 30.0% and 20.1%, respectively. Accordingly, C. semen was used in the following experiment, to give an additive functional effect on the P. linteus. As the amount of C. semen in the cultural media increased, mycelial weight and β-glucan contents also increased, but final pH was not influenced. In addition, the β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity, electron donating activity, and α- glucosidase inhibitory activity increased. P. linteus mycelium culture showed higher activities in the other three tests above, except for electron donating activity, when C. semen was added to the medium before cultivation.

The purpose of our study was to develop the fabrication method of porous diatomite ceramics with a porosity gradient by centrifugal molding. The processing variables of centrifugal molding were derived from Stoke's law of sedimentation, which were the radius of the particles, the acceleration due to centrifugal molding and the dynamic viscosity of the slurry. And these could be controlled by ball-milling conditions, centrifugal conditions, and the addition of methyl cellulose, respectively. The effects of processing conditions on the gradient pore structure of diatomite were investigated by particle size analysis, scanning electron microscope, and mercury porosimeter.

우리나라에서 건축물 내장재의 화재안전성능은 국토해양부 고시 제2011-39호에 의한 평가방법에 의해 불연성시험(KS F ISO 1182), 열방출률시험(KS F ISO 5660) 및 가스유해성시험(KSF 2271)을 실시하여 그 결과로서 분류하도록 되어 있다. 그 중 연기 및 연소독성가스에 대한 시험인 가스 유해성 시험은, 건축재료 및 내장재의 연소시 발생하는 가스의 유해성을 마우스의 평균 행동정지시간으로 측정하는 방법으로 사용하여 왔다. 이 중 연소 독성가스 4종(HCl, HF, HCN, SO2) 흡입독성시험방법의 확립을 위하여 ICR계 mouse와 전신흡입노출장치를 이용하여, 독성가스 노출 및 병리검사를 수행하였다. 그 결과 호흡기관지와 가까운 폐포에서 대식세포(Macrophage)의 침윤을 유발하는 것으로 나타났고, 4종의 물질에 대한 조직의 병리검사로 전체적으로 충혈과 울혈은 확인되었다. 조직 중 폐와 신장에서 조직손상이 심하였고, 물질로는 HCN이 가장 많은 병리소견을 보였다.

본 연구는 다종 위성 자료를 활용한 해수면온도 합성 기법에 대한 연구이다. 현재 많은 연구자들이 사용하고 있는 NGSST 알고리듬은 위성에 따른 정확도를 고려하지 않고 시 공간 상관도만을 계산하여 해당 픽셀의 값을 추정한다. 본 연구에서는 위성 센서별로 가지고 있는 정확도를 추가로 고려한 해수면온도 합성기법을 제안하고 기존 알고리듬과의 비교를 수행하였다. 합성장을 산출하는데 사용된 센서는 적외 센서인 MODIS, AVHRR 그리고 마이크로파 센서인 AMSR-E를 사용하였고, 2011년 4월 4일을 기준으로 5 km의 공간해상도를 갖는 일일 해수면 온도 합성장을 비교하였다. 부이와의 비교 결과, 기존 방법(NGSST Method)과 제안 방법(New Method)에 의한 표준편차는 각각 0.15℃와 0.12℃이었다. 또한 기존 방법보다 제안 방법에 의한 해수면온도 값은 연안을 제외한 대부분의 해역에서 다소 높게 산출이 되었다. 현 단계에서 정량적인 평가는 어렵지만, 본 연구를 통하여 해수면온도 합성기법에 대한 연구 방향이 제시되었다고 판단된다.

Canine parvovirus (CPV) type 2a (CPV-2a) has recently been identified as the main genotype circulating in the dog population in South Korea. Although CPV vaccines protect domestic dogs from CPV-2 infection, the efficacy of commercial live or inactivated CPV vaccines against CPV-2a has not been reevaluated. In this study, dogs were immunized with one of 7 commercial CPV vaccines (4 modified live and 3 inactivated vaccines) followed by challenge with CPV-2a strain, KV0901 that had been isolated from naturally infected dog in 2009. All dogs vaccinated twice with 4 commercial modified live CPV vaccines were seroconverted (geometric mean HI titer > 190.2) and most of dogs were completely protected against virulent CPV-2a strain infection. The dogs inoculated with 3 commercial inactivated CPV vaccines were also seroconverted and showed a slight loss of appetite and light diarrhea for 4 days after challenge and returned to normal at 5 days post challenge. However, the non-vaccinated dogs revealed the typical clinical signs of CPV infection including haemorrhgic diarrhea. In conclusion, the 4 live CPV vaccines licensed in Korea cross-protected dogs against virulent challenge with CPV-2a and are applicalble to pet dogs for the prevention of CPV infection.

목적 : 본 연구에서는 전산화 인지프로그램(Rehacom)을 노인성 치매 환자에게 적용 시 집중력, 기억력 변화정도가 수단적 일상생활활동 중 전화걸기에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : MMSE-K 점수 18점 이상 24점 이하인 8명의 치매 노인을 대상으로 주 2회, 각 회기당 20분씩 총 8회를 실시하였다. 단일집단 검사 전-검사 후 설계(one group pretest-post test design)를 통하여 K-DRS, CNT, 비디오 분석의 차이를 알아보았고, 신뢰도 분석방법을 통하여 비디오 분석에 대한 연구자간 신뢰도를 알아보았다. 결과 : 윌콕슨 쌍대비교(Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test)를 통해 K-DRS에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p=.17). 또한 CNT 중 visual span의 경우 정방향 맞은 개수(p=.38)는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 비디오 분석을 위한 연구자간 신뢰도를 알아 본 결과 신뢰도가 높게 나타났다. 그 결과 전화걸기의 치료 전-후의 변화에서 전화 걸기 수행도에 대해 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=.03). 결론 : 본 연구에서 실시한 전산화 인지프로그램(Rehacom) 훈련은 인지기능의 향상을 보였으며, 이에 따른 수단적 일상생활 중 전화걸기 능력의 향상을 보였다. 따라서 인지치료는 치매 노인의 인지기능 감퇴의 진행 완화나 치료에 있어 유용하게 사용 될 수 있다.

Much oyster shell is breeding by character and conduct of oyster-industry for a long time among them. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the recycling possibility of waste oyster shells, which induce environmental pollutions by piling up out at the open or the temporary reclamation. The purpose of this study is to develope eco-friendly binder using waste oyster shells, and to reinforce soils fur soft soil improvement. In this paper, a series of laboratory tests including compressive pot tests were performed to evaluate characteristics of soils treated by developed waste oyster shells with different water content of soils. Based on test results, eco-friendly Supporter manufactured from waste oyster shells were estimated as good resource materials for soft soil improvements. We got the conclusion by a series of experiment, It is verified that change of pH of soil is improved by mixing with oyster shells. The homogenization method for deducing apparent of oyster shells, which can consider micro-structure of mixed soil, is introduced. The improvement treatment leaded to enlarge fluctuation of soil moisture content. The effect of calcium concentration was good though improvement treatment of physical property. In addition, the crop yield in amelioration plots increased. It means that the increase of crop yield was caused by improvement of soil physical properties rather than improvement of calcium concentration.

Although several enteric viral pathogens including the porcine groups A, B and C rotaviruses (PGARV, PGBRV, and PGCRV), sapovirus (PSaV), and torovirus (PToV) are known to cause endemic diarrheas in weaning and post-weaning piglets, their precise prevalence in Korea is not clear. Therefore, we examined 1,222 diarrhea stools obtained from 627 farms during 2004～2009 by RT-PCR and/or nested PCR for evaluating their precise prevalence in Korea. PGARV was the predominant pathogen during 2004～2007 but its prevalence was markedly reduced during 2008～2009. PGBRV infections caused endemic diarrhea during 2004～2007, but was hardly detected during 2008-2009. PGCRV was detected at 27.0%, 14.5%, 42.4%, 28.8%, 7.3%, and 54.2% during each year of 2004～2009, respectively, indicating its high prevalence in Korea throughout the years. PSaV induced with high prevalence (32.4-39.2%) during 2004～2005 but its detection rate was markedly decreased during 2006～2009. PToV caused sporadic infections only during 2006 (1.0%) and 2007 (6.9%). These enteric viruses were detected in diarrhea specimens in piglets usually in combination with each other and/or together with bacterial pathogens including the Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Brachispira hyodysenteriae, and Lawsonia intracellularis. Infections with PGARV, PGCRV, PSaV, and PToV were more prevalent in fecal samples collected in cold seasons. These results provide important epidemiological data for the control and establishment of a surveillance system for the prevailing enteric viruses in Korea.

The object of this research is to conform of practicable possibility and recycling of producing junk after citrus fruits is processed. With extracting d-limonene oil that have 70~90% a component of oil out of junk citrus peel, making certain the about 12000ppm concentration of it. Limonene derived from citrus in jeju using conventional synthetic detergents can be replaced with the development of environmentally friendly natural detergent investigated the possibility. Mostly due to ocean dumping, disposal and cause environmental problems by recycling natural citrus cleaner alternative to the research conducted on the possibility. Cleaning efficiency with temperature did not affect the largest concentrations were able to identify the difference between cleaning efficiency. At least 10% of the d-limonene oil could be from the cleaning performance, increasing the concentration of the cleaning efficiency was increased in size. Ultrasonic is very high removal efficiency under the conditions shown in the cause of pure self-generated ultrasonic cleaning power as co-effects of d-limonene oil appears to chemical cleaning effect of ultrasonic cavitation occurs in the physical cleaning effect due to a combination of synergistic stability is maximized by low concentrations of d-limonene oil in a short time showed an excellent cleaning ability. Having the ability of cleaning at the same time, considering the side recycling in the junk citrus peels reflects possibility of basic materials utility eco-friendly in the skin soap, bath soap, cosmetics etc, through ability of exclusion a contaminant in based cleaning effect(EC) it can prospect substitution effect environmentally in the pre existence synthetic detergents.

목적 : 본 연구를 통해 뇌졸중 편마비 성인에게 일상생활보조도구를 적용했을 때 작업수행 및 만족도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 대상자는 뇌졸중으로 인해 왼쪽 편마비 장애를 가진 60세 여성이다. 상담 및 평가를 통해 한 손 사용자를 위한 도마와 손잡이가 긴 목욕도구(바디샤워)를 3개월 동안 적용하였다. 보조기구의 효율성을 확인하기 위해 Modified Bathel Index(M BI)와 캐나다작업수행측정(Canadian Occupational Performance Measurement, COPM)을 사용하였다. 결과 : MBI에서는 목욕하기 영역에서 점수 향상이 있었고, COPM에서는 작업수행의 문제로 설정한 목욕하기 및 식사준비하기 의 두 영역 모두에서 작업 수행도 및 만족도 점수가 증가하였다. 결론 : 적절한 보조기구의 적용은 장애인이 장애 발생 전에 수행하던 역할을 다시 수행하도록 하는데 긍정적인 영향을 미치며 일상생활활동의 수행과 만족도를 증진시켜 준다. 따라서 작업치료사는 뇌졸중 편마비 성인의 작업 수행 증진을 위해 적절한 일상생활보조기구 평가 및 훈련에 대한 다양한 접근을 해야 할 것이다.

The objection of this research is to conform of practicable possibility and recycling of producing junk after citrus fruits is processed. In the middle of practicable possibility, with verification of antibiosis that tactiling sensibility in a microorganism. With extracting d-limonene oil that have 70~90% a component of oil out of junk citrus peel, making certain the about 12000ppm(1.2%) concentration of it. By means of antibiosis property over the a pathogenic bacterium as well as a residence bacterium, considerating the limit of application against daily living supplies needs to antibiosis. Antibiosis effect of a stationing bacterium in the body permanently and by means of antibiosis verification of special bacteria Propionibacterium Acnes that causative skin trouble is selected, in based the antibiotic sencitivity test check up result of minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC).

Chemicals for cosmetics, including skin, the skin absorbs some of the research in the field of science or pharmacy recently, about the environment and the health of the heightened interest in skin absorption. Many other human attributes and absorption evaluation studies are underway in various areas. This study were used rats and carried out to find out the effects of commercial permanent wave products to skin which are composed with thioglycolic acid and bases. Results were as follows. Permanent wave penetrated to 3 hours later with steady state in skins and was not significant changeable after 20hr later. In case of neutralizer with thioglycolic acid lag time and permeability coefficient in healthy skin were 3.32hr and 0.101μg/cm2/hr, in old skin were 3.08hr and 0.117μg/cm2/hr, and in wounded skin were 3.02hr and 0.166μg/cm2/hr. In conclusion, lag time and permeability coefficient in old skin and wounded skin were faster than healthy skin. In vivo, We were studied to general time and method of permanent wave. We found out that fine wrinkle and rash of skin were changeable in the case of treating with permanent wave drugs than normal skin.

Chemicals for cosmetics, including skin, the skin absorbs some of the research in the field of science or pharmacy recently, about the environment and the health of the heightened interest in skin absorption, and many other human attributes and absorption evaluation studies are underway in various areas. In this study, The effects of commercial permanent wave products to skin which are composed with cysteine and bases using rat. Results are as follows; the content of penetration 4 hours later with steady state and no significant changeable after 20 hours later. In cysteine groups lag time and permeability coefficient of young skin is 3.32hr and 0.102μg/cm2·hr, lag time and permeability coefficient of old skin is 4.04hr and 0.106μg/cm2·hr. In conclusion of study lag time and permeability coefficient in old skin and wounded skin are faster than healthy skin. We notified that fine rinkle and rash of skin were changeable in the case of treating with permanent wave drugs than normal skin.

This study was undertaken to determine the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the indoor air between houses of atopy, asthma patients and new houses. Total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) in the indoor and outdoor air of normal houses were measured as 92.6 and 72.5 ㎍/㎥, respectively. TVOCs in the indoor and outdoor air of atopy patient's houses were 152 and 42.1 ㎍/㎥. TVOCs in the indoor and outdoor air of asthma patient's houses was 165 and 50.1 ㎍/㎥. TVOCs in the indoor and outdoor air of new houses was 158 and 78.3 ㎍/㎥. It was found that the concentrations of VOCs were higher in the indoor air of atopy, asthma patient's and new houses than the normal houses. This suggests that the concentration of VOCs can influence atopy and asthma.

자동차에서 배출되어지는 NO2(또는 TSP)에 대한 환경영향평가는 사람들의 건강과 환경보존의 관점에서 그 지역의 거주자를 위해서 필요한 것이다. 환경영향평가 수행을 위한 필드 조사에서, 수치모의를 위해서 정확한 농도가 계산되어지고 기상 데이터는 관측되어진다. 수치모의를 하기 위한 배경농도를 결정하기 위해서, NO2(또는 TSP)의 연평균농도는 Puff-Plume 모델을 이용하여 계산되어진다. 만약 계산된 결과들이 환경에 영향을 미치게 되면, 이 결과는 환경보존활동에 고려되어야만 한다. 본 시스템은 이러한 환경영향평가를 예측과정을 손쉽게 할 수 있도록 개발되었다. 또한 이 시스템은 인터체인지와 터널 입구 등과 같은 특수한 도로를 제외한 일반도로에서 배출되는 대기오염의 농도를 예측하고자 하는 사용자를 위하여 제공되어진다. 또한, 이 시스템은 농도의 계산뿐만 아니라 결과를 그래프로 나타내는 기능도 포함되어 있다. 이 시스템을 이용함으로써 직업프로그래머가 아닌 초보자인 사용자일지라도 여러 가지 계산결과 및 결과 그래프를 간단하게 얻을 수 있다.

본 연구는 제주지역에서 양마의 주당 본수 1(16,000주/10a), 2(34,000주/10a), 3(48,000주y10a), 4(64,000주/10a), 및 5본(80,000주/10a)에 따른 생육특성, 사료수량성 및 사료가치를 검토하고, 가축 조사료로 이용하기 위하여 2001년 4월 13일부터 10월 8일까지 수행하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 초장은 주당 1본에서 176cm였으나 주당 2본에서 185cm로 길어졌으나 그 이상 주당 본수

제주지역에서 예취높이에 따른 (2, 4, 6, 8 및 l0cm)에 따른 양마의 생육특성, 수량성 및 사료가치를 구명하기 위하여 2001년 4월 13일부터 10월 8일까지 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 초장은 2cm 예취에서 157.7cm였던 것이 예취높이가 높아짐에 따라 점차적으로 커져서 10cm 예취에서는 180.2cm로 커졌다. 엽수, 분지수, 경직경 및 주당 무게는 초장반응과 비슷한 경향이었다. 생초, 건물, 단백질 및 TDN 수량은 2cm 예취에서

본 시험은 제주지역에서 양마의 적정질소시비 횟수를 구명하기 위하여 2001년 4월 13일부터 10월 8일까지 질소시비량을 240kg/ha 고정하고 30일 간격으로 1~5회 분시하여 양마의 생육특성, 사료수량성 및 조성분 함량 등을 조사하였다. 초장은 분시 횟수가 많을수록 증가하여 4회 분시구에서 최고인 201cm를 보이다가 5회에서 줄어들었다. 분지수, 엽수, 경직경 및 개체당 무게도 초장과 같은 경향으로 4회 분시에서 가장 우세하였다. 생초, 건물,