The importance of nanopore structures of carbons is shown in terms of interaction potential for various molecules including supercritical gases such as H2 and CH4. The key factors for adsorption of supercritical H2 and CH4 are shown for single wall carbon nanohorn, single wall carbon nanotube, and double wall carbon nanotube. The cluster formation of molecules is a key process for water adsorption on hydrophobic carbon nanopores. The X-ray absorption spectroscopic examination elucidates an explicit dehydration structure of ions confined in carbon nanopores.

핵연료 운반용 실린더의 재사용을 위한 용기세척공장의 제염공정에 대한 성능을 평가하기 위하여 Na2CO3 + H2O2 혼합용액의 조합을 약간 달리한 2회의 시험을 실행하였다. 각 시험은 모두 일련의 5 단계에 걸쳐 실시되었다. 우라늄 제염의 주 화학종은 Na4UO2(CO3)3 로 식별되었다. 그리고 첫 단계에서의 세척액은 물이었으며, 이 단계에서 50% 이상의 우라늄이 제염되었다. 그 이후로는 단계가 더해 갈수록 우라늄의 제염양은 지수함수적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 화학양론적으로 제거된 우라늄에 비하여 투여된 Na2CO3 의 양은 과다함을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과들에 의하면, 공정최적화를 통하여 Na2CO3 의 투여량 감축, 세척폐액의 감량, 제염단계 축소 등을 꾀할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study was performed to comprehend the developmental characteristics of cloned embryos knocked out (KO) of α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GalT) gene. Immature oocytes were collected and cultured for 40 hrs (1-step) or 20hrs (with hormone) + 20hrs (without hormone) (2-step). The embryos transferred with miniature pig ear fibroblast cell were used as control. The reconstructed embryos were cultured in PZM-3 with 5% CO2 in air at 38.5℃ for 6 days. To determine the quality of the blstocysts, TUNEL and quantitative realtime RT-PCR were performed. The embryos were transferred to a surrogate (Landrace) at an earlier stage of the estrus cycle. The maturation rate was significantly higher in 2-step method than that of 1-step (p<0.05). The blastocyst development of GalT KO embryos was significantly lower than that of normal cloned embryos (p<0.05). The total and apoptotic cell number of GalT KO blastocysts was not different statistically from control. The relative abundance of Bax-α/Bcl-xl ratio was significantly higher in both cloned blastocysts than that of in vivo blastocysts (p<0.05). Taken together, it can be postulated that the lower developmental potential and higher expression of apoptosis related genes in GalT KO SCNT embryos might be a cause of a low efficiency of GalT KO cloned miniature pig production.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a simple phospholipid-derived mediator implicated in diverse biological actions, acts through the specific G-protein coupled receptors, LPA receptor (LPAR) 1～5. Our previous study showed that LPAR3 is expressed in the uterine endometrium in a cell type- and stage-specific manner and LPA via LPAR3 increases PTGS2 expression in the uterine endometrium during the period of implantation. Although LPAR3 is considered to be predominant LPA receptor in the uterine endometrium, other LPA receptors might play a role to mediate LPA functions in the uterine endometrium during pregnancy. Among LPARs, we investigated expression of LPAR1 during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in this study. Uterine endometrial tissue samples were collected from day (D) 12 and D15 of the estrous cycle and from D12, D15, D30, D60, D90 and D114 of pregnancy. Northern blot analysis determined that LPAR1 mRNA was constitutively expressed in the uterine endometrial tissues during the estrous cycle and pregnancy of all stages. Analysis by immunoblotting revealed that LPAR1 proteins were present in the porcine uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Immunohistochemical experiments demonstrated that LPAR1 protein was localized to endometrial epithelium and stromal cell, specifically to nuclei of these cell types. Results in this study show that LPAR1 is constitutively expressed in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. These results suggest that LPA via LPAR1 may play a role in the uterine endometrial function throughout pregnancy in pigs.

In this paper the lifetime risk assessment of exposure to airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in environmental atmosphere was carried out in one of the Korean industrial city, Gumi based on their measurements of VOCs at five representative outdoor monitoring sites. According to this study toluene, trichloroethylene, and dichloromethane are three main VOCs in Gumi. The carcinogenic risks 5the carcinogenic VOC are greater than the benchmark concentration (1.0E-6) in all five designated sites. Particularly, the Lifetime Cancer Risk in industrial complex 1 and 2 reached 9.64E-5 and 1.32E-4, respectively, both of which are far higher than the benchmark risks. The components of predominant risk in industrial areas are found as chloroform, benzene and trichloroethylene, while those of other sites are benzene and chloroform. It was estimated that the contributions of those componentsto cancer risk are not less than 90%. For non carcinogenic VOCs, the total hazard indices in 5 monitored sites are less than 1. The hazard index in industry complex No. 2 recorded the highest among 5 sites up to 0.663 due to the dominant contribution of 1, 2-dichloropropane by up to 50% (0.335). Based on this analysis, effective emission reduction for chloroform, benzene, trichloroethylene, and 1,2-dichloropropane will rapidly I the cancer risks and hazard indices in Gumi.

The sublingual locus has recently received great attention as a delivery site for various immunotherapies, including those that induce allergen-specific tolerance, and for vaccines that generate protective immunity. To further understand the immune functions of the human sublingual mucosa, we characterized the distribution of various immunocytes therein by immunohistochemistry. We identified professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), including Langerhans cells (LCs) and macrophages. CD1α+ and longerin+ LCs were further found to be distributed in the basal and supra-basal layers of the epithelium, and macrophages were identified in the lamina propria. HLA-DR+ cells were observed in both the epithelium and the lamina propria, which mirrors the tissue distribution of LCs and macrophages within these tissues. CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells were found to be distributed along the basal layer of the epithelium and also in the lamina propria. Although B cells, plasma cells, and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were only occasionally observed in the human sublingual mucosa in the absence of inflammation, they did show enrichment at inflammatory sites. Hence, we have further elucidated the immune cell component distribution in human sublingual mucosa.

본 논문에서는 5개국의 하중 기준을 이용한 지형학적 풍속 영향 계수에 대한 분석을 과 한반도 기복 지형에 대한 적용을 다루었다. 미국(ASCE 7-05), 호주/뉴질랜드(AS/NZS 1170.2:2002), 유럽 (EUROCODE 2004), 일본 (AIJ 2004), 한국(KBC 2005)의 풍하중 기준을 비교하였으며, 풍속 영향 효과를 결정하는 조건들을 본 연구에서 조사하였다. ASCE 7-05 하중기준을 제외한 하중기준은 풍상측 장애물에 대한 고려사항이 없어, 다른 각국 하중기준에 미국 하중기준의 풍상측 장애물 고려 사항을 접목한 방법을 채용하였으며, 본 논문에서는 이 방법을 혼합적 매개변수법 (MPM)으로 명명하였으며, 기복 지형에 의한 풍속 영향 효과를 보이기 위해서 본래의 하중기준과 MPM을 결합한 하중기준 간의 지형할증계수를 비교하였다. 풍상측 지형의 기울기와 각국 하중기준의 서로 다른 매개변수 값의 영향이 반영된 지형할증계수을 도출하였으다.

Dipterans are excellent insects to serve as forensic indicators to determine the postmortem interval of a human corpse. Therefore, we undertook a study to identify the major dipterans that are attracted to and develop in vertebrate carcasses. To determine what dipterans occur in Korea, chicken carcasses were placed in various habitats including the forest, open field, stream bank, greenhouse, rooftop, rice paddy, Chinese cabbage field, vacant hut, and pond at different times of the year. The dipterans were collected at various time intervals after placement in each habitat until the end of decomposition and identified. Our results showed that 49 identified and unidentified dipteran species from 36 genera in 19 families were collected from the carcasses. Habitat placement influenced the number of species isolated from the carcasses. For example, 39 species were collected from the forest habitat, 28 species from the open field, stream bank, or greenhouse each, 16 species from a vacant home, and 12 species from the pond. The dipteran species that were collected from all habitats were Phaenicia sericata, Lucilia illustris, and Lucilia sp. in the family Calliphoridae and Boettcherisca peregrine in the family Sarcophagidae. Other dipteran species that were isolated depended on carcass placement that is, fewer dipteran species were observed from carcasses in the backpack and much more species were recorded from unburied carcasses than buried carcasses. P. sericata, L. illustris, Lucilia sp., B. peregrine and an unidentified sarcophagid species were observed year round, but some dipterans showed seasonal differences.

휴양지역의 평가기준 설정을 위한 다양한 시각매체의 활용가능성에 대한 관심이 높다. 그러나 기준평가를 위한 시각 매체의 유용성은 시각매체가 얼마나 정확하게 현장 상태를 반영하는가에 달려있다. 본 연구는 정적 이미지와 동적 이미지를 이용하여 산정된 조우기준을 비교함으로써 움직임의 효과를 평가하였다. 연구대상지는 무등산도립공원 내 중머리 지역이었다. 총 50명의 대학생이 실험실 조사에 참여하였으며 Photoshop과 Flash 컴퓨터 프로그램을 이용하여 제작된 정적이미지와 동적 이미지의 허용도를 평가하였다. 조사결과, 정적 이미지와 동적 이미지 간에 최대허용수에 차이가 없는 것으로 분석되었으며 전반적 조우규범측정곡선도 거의 동일한 것으로 나타났다. 이미지 노출 순서와 움직이는 사람의 비율에 따른 조우기준도 조사되었다. 그러나 본 지역과 같은 특정 상황에서 조우기준을 개발하기 위하여 정적 이미지 대신 보다 복잡한 방법을 요구하는 동적 이미지를 이용함으로써 얻는 이점은 없다고 판단된다. 보다 정교한 매체이용에 따른 장단점에 대하여 토의하였으며 다른 자원환경 평가에 움직임 또는 소리와 같은 요소들이 조우규범에 미치는 영향에 대한 보다 많은 연구가 요구된다.

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of varieties and quality of winter crop on palatability of calves for two years. Four Italian ryegrass variety(Kospeed, Kogreen, Kowinearly and Hwasan 101ho), two barley(Youngyang, Yuyeon), and a rye (Winter green) were cultivated at experimental field of National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan. Four early varieties(Kospeed, Kogreen, Kowinearly and Winter green)were harvested at 20th Dry matter yield of "Hwasan 101 ho" was l8,629㎏/㏊(12,141 + 6,488) and Yeongyang, Youyeon and Winter green were 14,182, 12,487 and 10,935㎏/ha, respectively. Moisture content of Hwasan 101 ho was 81.5% in harvesting time, but wilting for 24 hours might bedecrease moisture content by 65.5%. The relative intake of Hwasan 101 ho, Kowinearly, Kospeed and Kogreen were 34.5, 60, 19.8, 15.7%, respectively. Among forage crop species, relative intake of Italian ryegrass(Hwasan 101 ho), barley(Yeongyang and Youyeon), and Rye(Winter green) were 43.1, 20.9, 20.5 and 15.5%, respectively.

A total of 106 two month-old Nanjiang yellow goats (male were 32, female were 34 and castrated were 40) were divided into treatment group and control group to determine the growth performance. The treatment group was reared in grazing mode, experimental group was pastured with supplement feeding. The results showed that the body weight of male in experiment group was heavier by 9.82%(P＜0.05), 11.87%(P＜0.01), 16.91%(P＜0.01) and 23.99%(P＜0.05) than that in control group in 3,4,5 and 6 month-age. The body weight of female in experimental group was heavier by 11.54%(P＜0.05), 13.79%(P＜0.01), 17.47%(P＜0.01) and 21.15%(P＜0.01) than that in control group in 3,4,5 and 6 month-old. The body weight of castrator in experimental group was heavier by 1.58%, 1.99%, 13.08%(P＜0.01) and 15.76%(P＜0.01) than that in control group in 3,4,5 and 6 month-age. The daily increasing weight and body measurements of experimental group is improved more than control group, especially in 6 month-age.

Short-term ingestive behavior of cattle was measured for two tropical grasses with contrasting growth forms, centipedegrass (CG; strongly prostrated) and bahiagrass (BG; more erect). Bite dimensions, bite weight and intake rate of animals increased as herbage mass increased in both grasses, showing a steeper initial increase and an earlier and lower plateau in CG than in BG. The results show that strongly prostrated grasses should be grazed when herbage mass is close to the point where the intake response plateaus, in order to maximize both quantity and quality of intake.

This study investigated the influences of the addition of lactic acid bacteria inoculants and an enzyme during the crush processing of com silage on the nutritive value, nutrient intake and aerobic deterioration. The fermentation quality of the silages showed that although all of the silages were of good quality, the V-score of U was 91.0 points and significantly lower than those of other silages (P＜0.01). On the chemical composition of silages, the crude protein concentration of U was 7.1%DM and significantly lower than those of other silages (P＜0.05). On the digestibility, the nutritive value and nutrient intake did not significantly differ among the silages examined. After silo opening, a rapid rise in heat was seen from the 6th after opening for 11C38 and SLA, and from the 9th in U and SL, respectively.

In this paper, the effect of different land-use types on soil organic carbon (SOC) and Particulate Organic Carbon(POC) was studied by analyzing the soils in the meadow and conversing land of grassland to cropland in ecotones of agriculture and animal husbandry. It is shown t㏊t, compared with meadow, rotations of P/O and P/Cwill reduce SOC in 0-30㎝ soil layers by 47.54%-65.11% and 34.16-64.26% and POC by 16.90%-24.48% and 11.94%-20.29%, respectively. And SOC in meadow is more t㏊n in conversing land of grassland to cropland (P＜0.05). Conversing grassland to cropland in ecotones of agriculture and animal husbandry will decrease the contents of SOC and POC.

The root crown of forage legume is an important organ which connects underground root system and aboveground branches. And its morphological characteristic is closely related to yield of grass, overwintering ability, regeneration in spring and sustainable productivity of Medicago sativa L. Therefore, in order to understand the morphological mechanism on cold resistance of the root of Melilotoides ruthenica (L.) Sojak t㏊t is a relative species of M sativa, the root morphology of different growth years' M ruthenica had been observed and analyzed. It aims to provide theoretical basis to M. sativa genetic improvement.