Here we report the protective activity of cultured Acer tegmentosum cell extract against liver damage in rat intentionally instigated by D-galactosamine. Local fat degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly decreased in cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract administered rat. In addition, acutely increased AST, ALT, LDH, ALP activities and lipid peroxidation and lipid content by liver damage were recovered in experimental rat administrated with A. tegmentosum extract. These results showed that cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract has a role in blood enzyme activation and lipid content restoration within damaged rat liver tissues. Moreover expression rate of TNF-α which accelerates inflammation and induces tissue damage and necrosis was significantly decreased. Also activities of antioxidant enzymes were more effectively upregulated comparing to those of the control group induced hepatotoxicity. All data that cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract has a preventive role against liver damages such as inflammation, tissue necrosis in rats by improving activities of blood enzymes, antioxidant enzymes and modulating expression of inflammation factor, suggest that cultured Acer tegmentosum cell extract is an effective medicinal resource for restoration of hepatotoxicity.

Germination properties, leachate electrical conductivity (EC), and inorganic compound leaching were analyzed to ascertain the storage ability and change of physiological characteristics during storage of Hippophae rhamnoides seeds. Seeds were placed in an incubator at 25℃ and sown in different soil media (sand, vermiculite and horticultural substrate) after being stored for 6, 18 and 30 months at 2℃. All germination properties decreased in accordance to an increase of the seed storage period. Compared with the seed storage for 18 months, germination percentage (GP), germination performance index (GPI), and germination value (GV) of seeds stored for 30 months decreased by more than 50%. When the seeds were sown in different soil media in a greenhouse, those germination properties were similar to the seeds germinated in an incubator, and mean germination time, GPI and GV had a significant difference except GP among soil media. EC and inorganic ion concentration had a strong positive correlation with the seed storage period, but the ratios of inorganic ions from stored seeds revealed that K + /Mg 2+ and Na + /Mg 2+ were inversely correlated with the storage period.

Lonicera caerulea var. edulis is a rare species found in some alpine region of Korea. Genetic variation in L. caerulea var. edulis has been investigated by examining 161 individuals from six natural populations: Mt. Seorak 1, Mt. Seorak 2, Mt. Jeombong, Mt. Bangtae, Mt. Gyebang, Mt. Halla. The mean genetic diversity for all the six populations was 0.25 (S.I.). The highest genetic diversity was found in Mt. Seorak (S.I.=0.3158) and the lowest was in Mt. Gyebang (S.I.=0.1047). Comparatively low level of genetic diversity was observed (Ae=1.25, P= 64.6%, S.I.=0.25), which is a typical pattern for rare tree species. AMOVA showed exceptionally large proportion of genetic variations both for among populations (34.69%) and within populations (65.31%). Excluding Mt. Gyebang, the genetic variation among and within population was 18.71% and 81.29% respectively. The UPGMA dendrogram based on genetic distance is not suitable for geographic relationship. Genetic distance of Mt. Gyebang was most distant from the other populations. Excluding Mt. Gyebang, the genetic identities among the five populations were 0.95 to 0.97, which is very high similarity level of genetic identity. This low level of genetic variations and the lack of site in nature indicates that L. caerulea var. edulis demanded a serious conservation.

This study had been conducted to investigate the effect of some plant growth regulators inducing fruit enlargement and optimal harvest time in Sageretia thea. Two hundred fifty ㎎/ℓ mepiquat chloride treatment, 1㎎/ℓ thidiazuron treatment on full bloom, and 200㎎/ℓ gibberellic acid treatment on 7 days before full bloom resulted in the increase of 21.7% in weight, and 200㎎/ℓ gibberellic acid treatment 7 days before full bloom, 10㎎/ℓ forchlorfenuron treatment 14 days after full bloom, and 1㎎/ℓ thidiazuron treatment on full bloom also brought about positive effects on the enlargement of the fruit, increasing 6.3%, 6.3% and 8.1% in its transverse diameter, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of the plant growth regulator treatments on the harvest time of Sageretia thea were determined as follows: the increase in the optimal harvest time of 57.2 - 75.4%, shorter maturation period, by the treatments with 500㎎/ℓ mepiquat chloride 7 days after full bloom, 100㎎/ℓ gibberellic acid treatment on full bloom, 2.5㎎/ℓ forchlorofenuron 7 days after full bloom and 2㎎/ℓ thidiazuron treatment 7 days before full bloom; and the greater effects of plant growth regulator treatments on the fruit maturation in the following order, gibberellic acid > thidiazuron > forchlorofenuron > mepiquat chloride. The results of this study are expected to be used as a reference data to develop Sageretia thea as a new local specific crop for Jeju island.

청원 소재 음나무(Kalopanax septemlobus)의 미숙종자에서 캘러스를 유도하여 15개의 배발생 캘러스를 얻었다. 증식된 배발생 캘러스를 재료로 체세포배를 유도하여 15개체의 기내 식물체를 얻었다. 체세포배 유도는 1/2 MS배지에 0.1 mg/L abscisic acid (ABA), 7% polyethylene glycol (PEG), 0.02% activated charcoal, 3% sucrose를 첨가하고, 0.5% gelrite로 경화하여 사용하였다. 식물 재생용 배지는 배지는 1/2MS배지에 2% sucrose, 0.3% gelrite로 하였고, 발아 촉진을 위해 GA3 1.0 mg/L 처리 혹은 기본배지를 사용하였다. 15개체의 체세포배 발생 빈도는 다르게 나타났고, 재생된 식물체의 GA3 효과는 크지 않았다. 유전적 다양성을 조사하기 위하여 ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) 표지자 분석을 실시하였다. 5개의 ISSR 프라이머에서 증폭산물을 관찰하였고, 유전적 다양성을 나타내는 P (Percentage of polymorphic loci)값과 S.I. (Shannon’s information index)를 조사하였다. ISSR 마커를 이용하여 재분화 식물체의 유전적 안정성을 분석한 결과, 체세포 유래 재분화된 식물체의 개체간에 유전적 구조가 균일하며, 유전적 변이는 관찰되지 않았다.

백합나무의 건전 순화묘 생산을 위해 체세포배 유래 발아체를 여러 종류의 항산화제로 전처리 후 토양이식 한 결과 500mg/L Citric acid 처리구에서 가장 높은 87.9%의 순화묘 생존율을 보였으며, 그 외 처리구에서는 대조구 (수돗물)보다 다소 높거나 낮은 현상을 보여 별 생존율 차이가 없었다. 묘고 생장의 경우 500mg/L Citric acid를 처리한 처리구에서 44.5cm를 보여 가장 높았으며, 근원경 비교의 경우에서도 마찬가지로 500mg/L Citric acid를 처리한 처리구에서 4.38mm를 보여 가장 높았다. 그러나 엽면적의 경우 수돗물 처리구 유래 순화묘가 66.03cm2으로 가장 높게 나타났으나 생중량 비교에서는 500mg/L Citric acid 유래 처리구에서 8.79g으로 가장 높게 나타났다.

본 연구에서는 대추나무 육종 연구 및 품종식별 등에 활용 가능한 microsatellite DNA표지를 개발 하였다. 또한 개발된 표지를 이용하여 국내 대추 3품종 8점(복조, 이조, 슈퍼왕대추)과, 중국에서 수집된 11품종을 분석하여 품종별 고유 DNA profile를 작성하고 품종 간 유연관계를 분석하였다. 대추나무 엽시료에서 DNA를 분리하고, Glenn과 Schable(2005)의 방법에 따라 microsatellite enrichment 라이브러리를 작성하였다. 작성된 라이브러리로부터 microsatellite repeat을 가지는 62개 contig 서열(Genebank Acc. No. KJ156642 - KJ156703)을 확보하고 이로부터 총 22개의 primer를 디자인 하였다. 이 중 품종 간 변이가 있고 재현성이 높은 15개 primer를 최종 선정하여 분석에 사용하였다. 대추나무 14품종 19점 시료를 분석한 결과 유전자좌에 따라 2개에서 7개의 대립유전자가 관찰되어 모든 유전자좌에서 다형성이 확인되었다. 국내 품종인 복조, 이조 및 슈퍼왕대추는 품종 내 개체 간 변이는 전혀 관찰되지 않았고, 품종 간에는 유전적 거리가 0.43-0.63사이 값을 보여 품종 식별에 활용 가치가 높은 것으로 판단되었다. UPGMA dendrogram을 통한 품종 간 유연관계를 분석한 결과 최근 우리나라에서 인기 있는 ‘슈퍼왕대추’는 중국에서 수집된 다른 대립종들과 유전적으로 유사한 경향을 보였다. 우리나라에서 널리 재배되는 ‘복조’ 품종은 중국 섬서성에서 수집된 ‘대백령’과 유전적으로 가장 가까웠다. 본 연구에서 개발된 microsatellite 표지는 대추나무 품종 유전·육종 연구 뿐 아니라, 품종 식별을 통한 유통단속에도 널리 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

In this study, essential oils were extracted from the leaf of Chamaecyparis obtusa (CLEO), indigenous toKorea, CLEO constituents were analysed, and the effects of CLEO on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airwayinflammation (AI) were investigated in Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse model. Terpenoid components amongidentified CLEO constituents made up more than 80%. The CLEO-treated group in comparison to the control groupshowed reduced AHR, the decrease of eosinophil number in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), reduced specific anti-OVA IgE level in the serum, and a significant reduction in Th2 cytokines levels in the BALF with concentration. We con-cluded that CLEO have an alleviating effect on asthma-like symptoms such as AHR and AI. Further studies about antiasth-matic effect are necessary on the focus of single component of CLEO.

Skin anti-wrinkle activities of the stems and leaves of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai were evaluated by theextracts obtained from various extraction processes such as using hot water at 100oC, 70% ethanol at 85oC, and 70% etha-nol with ultrasonication at 60oC The ultrasonicated extract showed 95.62% of the highest cell viability in addition of0.3㎎/㎖ of the extracts into the normal human fibroblast cell, CCD-986sk. For antioxidant activities, the extracts usingultrasonicated extract showed the highest DPPH free radical scavenging as 80.27%, followed by 75.88% and 62.44% for theextracts using ethanol extract and water extract. The ultrasonicated extract also showed the highest elastase inhibition activ-ity as 25.32%, compared to ethanol extract and water extract based method at 22.01% and 12.88%, respectively. MMP-1production was most effectively decreased down to 2908.1pg/㎖ with ultrasonicated extract while 6640.8pg/㎖ with waterextract and 3609.3pg/㎖ with ethanol extract, in addition of 0.3㎎/㎖. Collagen production was increased up to 154.7ng/㎖in addition of ultrasonicated extract, and followed by 121.4ng/㎖ and 31.2ng/㎖ for ethanol extract and water extract,respectively. These results indicate that the ethanol extract should have skin anti-wrinkling activities and can be improvedby the ultrasonication process that high energy input elute more amounts of bioactive substances eluting more amounts ofbioactive substances from the high energy input of ultrasonication.

본 연구에서 비쭈기 나무의 잎 부분에 대한 다양한 생리활성 을 조사하여 기능성소재 응용가능성을 검토하였다. 비쭈기 나 무 잎 추출물은 멜라노마 세포에 대하여 낮은 세포독성을 나타 냈다. 비쭈기 나무 추출물 처리 시 항산화(IC50, 22.90 ㎎/L) 및 항균활성이 매우 우수하게 나타났으며 특히 그람양성세균에 대 한 항균활성이 높았다. 또한, 비쭈기 나무 추출물 처리시 tyrosinase 활성저해 및 멜라닌 함량 저하(IC50, 101.90 ㎎/L)를 보여주었다. 이와 같은 결과로 미루어 볼 때 비쭈기 나무 추출물 은 피부미백 소재 등 피부개선 효과를 비롯한 기능성 화장품에 활용하기 위한 매우 효과적인 재료가 될 수 있다고 판단된다.

This research evaluate antioxidant and skin-whitening effect of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai by extraction processes. First, antioxidant effects were follows: EE (70% ethanol extract) showed higher DPPH scavenging activity of 69.66% than WE (hot water exract) 59.13% at 0.3 ㎎/㎖, also UE's (70% ethanol extract by sonication process) higher than EE. Reducing power was that also EE showed higher than WE, and it was the highest value with UE's because of ultrasonic pretreatment. Next, the whitening effect tyrosinase inhibition activity was measured that EE was 23.88%, WE's was 16.69%, and UE was 23.34%. Ultrasonic pretreatment did not influence to tyrosinase inhibition activity. Cell viability showed low cell toxicity in all groups. UE's inhibited melanin synthesis, 55.1%, that is higher than EE and WE, 52.7% and 39.5%, respectively. As a result, we confirmed that antioxidant activities and skin-whitening effect by extraction process. Also, this results confirmed that the Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai extracts worth as cosmetic materials.