This study analyzed the status of agrifood consumer competencies and the factors influencing them to provide useful information to improve the quality of life by strengthening the agrifood consumer competencies. The raw data of the 2022 Consumer Behavior Survey for Food collected by the Korea Rural Economic Research Institute were used. The data from 3,321 responses were used for the final analysis. Among the competencies, the average score of the cognitive and practical competencies were 3.543 and 3.459 points, respectively. In addition, the average scores of the specific areas within cognitive competency were 3.587 points for dietary competency, 3.557 points for civic competency, and 3.489 points for purchasing competency. Within practical competency, the average scores of the specific areas were 3.569 points for dietary competency, 3.422 points for civic competency, and 3.392 points for purchasing competency. Gender, age, monthly household income, marital status, administrative district, interest in health, and interest in food safety issues were the significant factors affecting the specific areas within cognitive competency. On the other hand, gender, age, educational level, monthly household income, marital status, administrative district, interest in food safety issues, and each of the areas within cognitive competency had a significant impact on the specific areas of practical competency.

Along with the increase in the number of vehicles in circulation, the indoor air quality in automobiles is attracting attention as another possible health concern. However compared to data regarding indoor air quality in other spaces, there are insufficient data on indoor air quality in automobiles. In addition, there is no standard for the evaluation method. In this study, the change in the concentration of particulate matter in the vehicle while driving under real road conditions was analyzed in order to use it as basic data for a method to evaluate vehicle indoor air quality. Through the selection of measurement target materials and test vehicles and the preparation of test methodologies, evaluation was performed on vehicle, route, and HVAC modes. The concentration of particulate matter in the vehicle was the lowest in the RC (In-vehicle recirculation) condition, and it was confirmed that it decreased with time. The highest average concentration was confirmed in the OA (Outside air ventilation) condition, and the concentration change according to the changing HVAC mode was observed in the Auto condition. The concentration of pollutants inside the vehicle showed a significant correlation with factors such as season, external concentration, and HVAC conditions, along with a weak correlation to powertrain type. The results of this study can be used as basic data for developing methods for evaluating vehicle interior air quality in future work.

This study developed an unmanned autonomous moving algae collection device (HAMA-bot) to remove high-density algae concentrated in the waterfront of urban agricultural reservoirs, and analyzed the effect of algae removal after field application to medium-sized urban reservoir. The algae reduction effect (Chl-a) of the study site in the reservoir by the HAMA-bot operation showed an average 18.5% higher in the treatment area compared to the control area before operation, while the average reduction of 24% in the treatment area after operation. In addition, the Chl-a removal rate, which directly analyzed the influent and effluent of HAMA-bot, showed a very high level with an average of 96.9% (94.7~99.2%). Currently, it is optimized for urban reservoirs and manufactured on a small scale, but it is a useful tool that can be applied on a large scale to large dams and rivers, and it is considered that the field applicability would be improved with the optimized scale.

The Ansan Reclaimed Wetland, reclaimed in 1986 and maintained for 38 years, underwent two wetland function assessments to develop strategies for enhancing biodiversity and conservation. The biota of the reclaimed wetland showed an increase in the number of species observed across most taxa, while the number of amphibian and reptile species decreased. Among legally protected species and specific species, Aix galericulata and Lefua costata were not observed, whereas Libellula angelina were introduced. The results were categorized into “protection or improvement” and “enhancement.” Proposed conservation measures include removing planted shrubs, maintaining waterways, and installing gabion structures and wildlife corridors.

This study was conducted to confirm whether domestic fruit tree pruning residues can replace sawdust, which is the main ingredient of mushroom medium. The five types of fruit tree pruning residues collected were from apples, pears, peaches, grapes, and citrus. The basic components of these residues were analyzed. The pH ranged from 5.2 to 7.0, the Total carbon(T-C) ranged from 46.0% to 47.2%, the Total nitrogen(T-N) ranged from 0.5% to 0.9%, and the moisture content ranged from 12.4% to 14.2%, which was identified as an appropriate range for growing mushrooms. In order to confirm the possibility of mycelial growth of oyster mushroom "Suhan", column tests were conducted based on the conventional medium(poplar sawdust 49.5: cotton seed hull 27.3: beet pulp 12.7: cotton seed meal 10.5, v/v). As a result of incubation at 25°C for 28 days, grape branches showed the fastest growth at 143 mm compared to the control, which showed 135 mm. The yield per bottle was comparable, with grape branches(134g/bottle) and control(139g/bottle). Additionally, the quality of the fruiting bodies was comparable across all Processed lots. It means grape branches can be used as alternative sawdust materal. In the future, it is expected that using by-products as substitutes for carbon sources and main ingredients will help reduce farm production costs and protect the environment.

Tricholoma matsutake, one of the most famous edible mushroom in Asia, has been cultivated in red pine forest. Because of its difficulty in artificial cultivation, T. matsutake cultivation has relied on foraging in the forest. Under certain environmental conditions, T. matsutake form the Shiro, the condensed mycelium, and develop into fruiting bodies. Among the certain environmental conditions, fungal communities play a major role in the mushroom development. Therefore, fungal community investigations for Bonghwa and Yangyang have been conducted on soil with fairy rings in the past, soil with existing fairy rings, and soil with presumptive fairy rings developing in the future. From the six soil samples, total 163 genera of fungi were detected and species diversity and species abundance of each sample were also analyzed. In result, the species diversity and species abundance of the fairy rings in Yangyang were lower than those in Bonghwa. In comparison with the fairy rings in Yangyang and Bonghwa, the dominance of the genus Tricholoma was higher and that of the genus Motilella was lower in Yangyang. Through the continuous study, establishment of optimal environmental conditions to promote the T. matsutake cultivation is highly expected.

Tricholoma matsutake is an economically important ectomycorrhizal mushroom, but artificial cultivation remains challenging. While much research has been conducted on the bacteria and fungi associated with T. matsutake, studies on archaea have been limited. This study compared and analyzed the diversity and structural differences of archaeal communities in the fairy ring and non-fairy ring soils using a metabarcoding approach. The alpha diversity analysis revealed that the archaeal community in fairy ring soil had lower diversity compared to non-fairy ring soil, and beta diversity analysis clearly separated the community structures between the two soil types. Among all analyzed soils, Nitrososphaeria (Nitrososphaerota) dominated the archaeal community at class level. In fairy ring soils, Nitrosotalea (Nitrosotaleaceae) was predominant, while in non-fairy ring soils, Nitrosocaldaceae dominated. These results suggest that Nitrosotalea may have a close association with T. matsutake, highlighting the need for further in-depth research on archaea as potential growth promoting microorganism for T. matsutake mycelial growth.

This study examined domestic consumption trends in the development of mushroom-based alternative food products. It found that 85.5% of consumers were aware of alternative foods, with a higher recognition rate among younger age groups and variations based on household composition and monthly income. Additionally, 70% of consumers familiar with alternative foods had tried them. Among those who had not, taste (16%) and purchasing challenges (15%) were the primary barriers. Minced meat was the most commonly consumed alternative (25%), while dumplings (7%) and burgers (1%) were less popular. Notably, dumplings and burgers showed the highest potential for development using mushroom-based ingredients. These findings provide valuable foundational data for advancing mushroom-based alternative food products.

The purpose of this study was to analyze English subject-specific descriptions through text mining, examine their alignment to the curriculum achievement standards, and ultimately support students’ educational growth. We collected English subject-specific descriptions for 1,030 tenth-graders from general high schools in City A, and keywords and contexts were extracted using TF, TF-IDF, phi coefficient analysis, and trigram analysis. The results revealed that the subject-specific descriptions frequently neglected the following aspects of learning and instruction in curriculum achievement standards: familiar and general themes, conversation and listening skills, language use across different types of information, and proper email writing. Although descriptions are intended to reflect students’ actual achievement levels, those for lower achievement levels (i.e., D and E) were often overstated. Improvements are necessary to ensure closer alignment between the descriptions and the curriculum achievement standards, with particular emphasis on the accurate representation of lower achievement levels. Based on the findings, we discussed potential improvement strategies for educational authorities to consider and implement.

콩은 높은 단백질 함량과 다양한 기능적 특성으로 인해 식품 및 사료 산업에 필수적인 작물이다. 그러나 농촌 인구의 고령화와 저렴한 수입 콩으로 인해 국내 콩 생산량은 꾸준히 감소하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 농업 기계 기술의 발전이 필수적이며, 특히 콩수확기의 선별 메커니즘을 개선하는 것이 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 CFD-DEM 결합 시뮬레이션을 사용하여 콩수확기의 선별장치 내의 유동 역학과 입자 움직임을 분석하여 선별 효율성을 향상시키는 것을 목표로 했다. 경남농업기술원에서 재배한 진풍 콩(Glycine max (L.) Merrill) 품종을 실험에 사용하였다. 선별장치는 콩, 콩대, 줄기를 분리하여 콩알만 수집하도록 설계되었다. 실험 중에는 콩 줄기를 균일하게 투입하여 분리율과 수집률을 측정하였다. 또한 유동 분석을 위해 표준 k-ε 난류 모델을 사용하였으며, CFD-DEM 결합 방법을 사용하여 선별 장치 내의 내부 유동과 입자 움직임을 시뮬레이션하였다. 추가로 CFD 분석 결과를 DEM 시뮬레이션에 활용하여 Ganser 항력 모델을 적용하여 콩과 콩대의 분리 특성을 분석하였다. 마지막으로 CFD-DEM 결합 시뮬레이션을 통해 콩수확기의 선별 장치 성능을 평가하고 최적의 팬 회전속도를 결정하였다. 실험에서 팬 회전속도는 각각 900 rpm, 1,000 rpm, 1,100 rpm, 1,200 rpm으로 설정하였다. 실제 선별장치에서 측정한 풍구 회전 시의 공기 유속과 시뮬레이션 에서 팬 회전으로 발생한 공기 유속 간의 RMSE 값은 0.64 m/s에서 1.12 m/s로 나타났다. 풍구 회전수에 대한 콩의 수집률을 시뮬레이션 결과 풍구 회전수가 증가할수록 수집률이 감소했으며, 900 rpm일 때 최대 94.08%의 수집률을 보였다. 콩대와 콩줄기 분리율의 경우 900 rpm과 1,000 rpm에서 55%~60%로 낮은 효율을 보였다. 1,100 rpm에서 86.38%, 1,200 rpm일 때 86.14%의 분리율이 측정되었다. 콩 수집률과 콩대 분리율 모두에서 최적의 성능을 발휘하려면, 풍구 회전수는 1,100 rpm이 적절한 것으로 보인다.

본 연구는 수동식 감자 파종기구를 활용한 인력파종 및 트랙터 부착형 파종기를 활용한 기계파종을 비교하여 강원도 고랭지 지역의 여름감자 파종작업에 대한 작업효율 및 경제성을 분석하였다. 작업효율은 일정 면적을 파종하는 데 소요되는 시간으로 도출하였다. 동일한 작업효율을 가지는 조건에서 인력파종 및 기계파종의 연간 고정비와 연간 유동비를 산출하여 각 파종작업에 대한 경제성 분석을 수행하였다. 이때 고정비로는 감가상각비, 이자 및 수리비를, 유동비로는 인건비와 유류비를 고려하였다. 또한, 총비용 소요 분석을 통해 트랙터 부착형 파종기가 수동식 감자 파종기구 대비 경제성이 높아지는 시점을 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 기계파종이 인력파종 대비 약 4.6배 높은 작업효율을 보였으며 파종률은 두 방식에서 모두 100%로 나타났다. 경제성의 경우 구매 비용은 트랙터 부착형 파종기가 높았으나, 인건비 측면에서 비용 절감 효과를 보였다. 이에 따라 4년 9개월 이후부터 트랙터 부착형 파종기의 총 소요비용이 수동식 감자 파종기구의 총 소요비용 대비 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 장기적인 관점에서 기계파종이 인력파종 대비 생력화 효과가 크며 경제성도 높은 것으로 판단된다.

Processing of medicinal plants and mushrooms plays a crucial role in oriental medicine. This study investigated the antioxidant potency and chemical composition of antler-shaped Ganoderma lucidumprocessed under different heating temperatures (120 to 180 °C) and times (10 to 20 minutes). Processed samples were analyzed for their antioxidant activities, including total phenol content, DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging capacity, NO assay, ROS scavenging capacity, and chemical composition changes. Antioxidant potency was highest with processing at 180 °C for 10 min and at 210 °C for 10 min. This enhanced activity is likely attributed to changes in compound functional groups due to heat processing, which in turn influences antioxidant activity. In contrast to antioxidant potency, chemical components, including ganoderic acid D, ganodermanonitriol, and ergosterol, showed decreasing trends with increasing temperature and time.

Tricholoma matsutake is a commercially valuable fungus that produces gourmet mushrooms. The artificial cultivation method that is currently used to produce fruiting bodies involves the transplantation of pine trees infected with T. matsutake from their natural habitats and the successful infection of young pine trees and mushroom production have been reported in Hongcheon. In this study, T. matsutake genetic diversity and relationships in this region were investigated. A genotype analysis was conducted on 25 fruiting bodies collected from an area approximately 2.56 km2 in size using 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The analysis revealed 25 genotypes and 23 alleles with mean observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosities of 0.312 and 0.293, respectively. The average polymorphism information content (PIC), which indicates marker polymorphism, was 0.257. A phylogenetic analysis showed no clear correlation between collection location and genetic distance; a spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated no significant genetic structure within 1600 m; and the Mantel test showed no significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances. These results were consistent with previous reports on Japanese populations. This study provides insights into the genetic diversity and structure of T. matsutake at a local scale and highlights the need for further studies across broader geographical ranges.

This study aims to analyze the correlation between the digital literacy competency and the TPACK (Technological Pedagogical And Content Knowledge) of Korean language teachers. By measuring both the digital literacy competency and the TPACK of Korean language teachers, the study analyzes the correlation between these two variables. To this end, the digital literacy competency of Korean language teachers was divided into ‘technical, cognitive, and socialjustice aspects’ for investigation. The results showed that cognitive digital literacy was the highest competency, while technical digital literacy was the lowest. TPACK was further divided into TK (Technological Knowledge), TCK (Technoligical Contenet Knowledge), TPK (Technoligical Pedagogical Knowledge) and TPCK for measurement, revealing that teachers scored the lowest on TK and the highest on TPK. The analysis revealed a strong correlation between technical digital literacy and TPACK, suggesting that enhancing technical competencies should be prioritized. Furthermore, based on the finding that teaching experience in Korean language education does not influence digital literacy and TPACK, it is believed that practice-oriented teacher training focused on integrating digital tools and technologies could enhance teachers’ digital literacy competencies.

본 연구는 산림 분야 이해관계자를 대상으로 한 설문조사를 기반으로, 산림기능구분도의 현실적이고 효과적인 개선 방향을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구 대상은 산주, 공무원, 임업 분야 종사자, 연구원으로, 이들의 산림기능구분에 대한 인식, 활용 현황 및 개편 필요성을 조사하였다. 설문조사 결과, 산림기능구분도의 활용성과 만족도를 제고하기 위해 기존 제도나 지침에 따른 형식적 경영계획 수립을 지양하고, 현장 중심의 맞춤형 산림 관리 방안을 도입해야 한다는 결론을 도출하였다. 특히, 통합 및 단순화의 필요성과 관련하여 생활환경보전기능이 가장 높은 응답 비율을 보였으며, 그 다음으로 자연환경보전기능과 수원함양기능이 동일한 비중으로 나타났다. 또한, 산림경관 제공, 온실가스 흡수 및 저장, 산림휴양, 생물다양성 보전과 같은 기능은 추가적 고려 및 강조가 필요한 요소로 평가되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 산림기능구분도의 개편 및 중장기 산림 관리 방향 설정에 실질적인 기여를 할 것으로 기대된다.

This study investigates the common liaison errors made by Chinese learners of Korean, specifically focusing on the tendency to add redundant consonants, as identified in previous research. The primary aim is to verify prior findings that such errors, especially involving the addition of the same consonant, are particularly prevalent after the final /ㄴ/ consonant. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the influence of gender, region of origin, Korean proficiency, native language interference, and learners’ understanding of Korean phonological rules. Findings confirm that the addition of identical consonants in / ㄴ/ final consonant is indeed frequent and largely unaffected by learners’ region of origin or Korean proficiency level. However, female learners show a slightly higher error rate compared to male learners. Key contributing factors include differences in syllable structure and phonemic characteristics between Korean and Chinese, the impact of null consonants, and learners’ limited understanding of Korean syllable and consonant rules. These insights are valuable for Korean language educators in addressing phonological errors among Chinese-speaking learners.

The Institute for Planning and Evaluation of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (IPET) is a quasi-governmental agency established under the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs that efficiently supports the planning, management, and evaluation of research and development projects to foster food science and technology for agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. The results of this study were used to prepare basic data and identify research trends to help understand Korea's mushroom industry by analyzing the related research published in the final report of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry from 1995 to 2020. The annual research trends are as follows: 1 in 1995, 7 in 1998, 6 in 2000, 9 in 2003, 9 in 2006, 10 in 2008, 5 in 2012, 3 in 2015, 8 in 2018, and 4 in 2020. They increased rapidly from the second half of 1990 to the second half of 2010 but decreased thereafter. The research fields were as follows: quality and postharvest management (45 articles, 32.3%), cultivation and production (41 articles, 29.5%), facilities (19 articles, 13.7%), genetic breeding (14 articles, 10.1%), biotechnology (14 articles, 10.1%), and others (6 articles, 4.3%).

This study examined the differences in the use of {ne} and {je} in Korean dramas from the 1990s and 2010s in terms of gender and discourse situations. The research focuses on how male and female characters use {ne} and {je} differently in public and private contexts for each era, and how these patterns have changed over time. The findings are summarized as follows. First, in the 1990s, men primarily used {je} in public settings and alternated between {ne} and {je} in private contexts, indicating a context-dependent usage pattern. Women, on the other hand, mainly used {je} in both public and private situations, but {ye} appeared more frequently in public settings, showing that women also adjusted their usage according to the context. Second, in the 2010s, men used both {ne} and {je} regardless of the discourse context, while women predominantly used {ne} across contexts. Third, compared to the 1990s, the use of {ne} in public situations increased for both men and women in the 2010s, indicating a notable change, while no change was observed in private settings.

본 연구는 한국 정신분석학의 학문적 정립을 위하여 그 태동과 발달과정의 현황을 알아보고 문헌 자료를 토대로 연구하였다. 연구 결과, 정신분석학은 1920년대 일본에서 유입되어 일반적인 교양으로 활성화되다가 1990년대 이후 단행본, 학술지 및 학위논문이 꾸준히 증가하면서 학문적 관심이 높아졌으며 2010년대에 대학에서 석박사학위과정이 개설되었고 여러 개의 연구소와 학회에 서 분석가 훈련과정이 개설되었다. 현재 국내 정신분석학은 대중적인 르네상 스 시기를 거쳐 학문적 기초를 다지기 위한 단계로 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 한 국 정신분석학은 연구소에서 분석가 양성을 위한 임상훈련을 실시하며 대학원마 다 철학 및 예술, 상담교육, 정신분석개념 등 각각 교과 내용의 초점이 상이하 다. 따라서 앞으로의 정신분석은 임상의 실제적 접근을 위하여 프로이트가 추구한 정신병리적 관점의 학문으로 나아가야 한다. 이에 인간의 성장 및 성숙과정과 정신병리 형성의 치료과정, 건강한 일상생활을 위한 학문적 접근을 기대한다.

청소년의 스마트폰 과다 사용에 대한 우려가 증가함에 따라, 스마트폰 의존과 과다 사용이 정신 건강에 미치는 잠재적 영향에 대한 관심이 집중되고 있다. 그러나 스마트폰 의존과 자살 시도 간의 관계에 대한 직접적인 실증 연구 는 여전히 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 이러한 연구 공백을 메우기 위해, 청소년의 스마트폰 의존, 외로움, 그리고 자살 시도 간의 관계를 검토하고자 한다. 2023년 질병관리청의 조사 자료를 활용하여 800개 중⋅고등학교의 52,880 명의 학생을 분석한 결과, 스마트폰 의존도가 높은 청소년들은 지난 1년간 외로움과 자살 시도를 보고할 가능성이 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 외로움은 스마트폰 의존과 자살 시도 간의 관계를 부분적으로 매개하는 것으로 밝혀져, 스마트폰의 과다 사용이 사회적 고립을 촉진하여 자살 위험을 증가시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. 아울러, 일상 스트레스는 중요한 조절 변수로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 스마트폰 의존, 외로움, 자살 위험 간의 연관성은 높은 스트레스 수준을 가진 청소년에게서 더욱 강하게 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 외로움과 스트레스와 같은 심 리사회적 요인이 스마트폰 사용과 정신 건강 위험 간의 연관성에서 중요한 역할을 한다는 점을 부각시킨다. 본 연구 는 청소년의 스마트폰 과다 의존을 방지하고, 사회적 관계 강화를 중시할 필요성을 제안하며, 특히 스트레스 수준이 높은 청소년의 스마트폰 사용에 대해 더욱 많은 주의를 기울여야 함을 강조한다.