중국 북부와 한국, 러시아 지역에 서식하는 비단털쥐(Tscherskia triton)의 분포를 제외한 생활사, 행동, 생태와 관련된 생물학적 특징에 대해서는 거의 연구된 바 없다. 이에 본 연구는 제주도에서 포획된 개체(n=9)를 대상으로 종 단위 연구의 기본이 되는 번식과 성장 및 발달에 대한 생물학적 정보를 밝히기 위하여 2015년 3월부터 2016년 12월까지 사육실에서 진행되었다. 연구결과, 임신률은 31.7%였고 좁은 케이지에서 보다 넓은 케이지에서 더 높게 나타났다(56.7 vs. 6.7％). 임신기간은 22±1.6일(범위 21-27일), 한배의 산자수(litter size)는 4.26±1.37마리(범위 2-7 마리)였다. 최소이 유시기는 19.2±1.4일(범위 18-21일)이었다. 출생 직후 새끼의 체중과 외부형태의 크기는 성별로 차이가 없었으나, 이유 시기부터 암수의 머리와 몸통길이(HBL)와 꼬리길이(TL)는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(HBL-weaning, 106.50±6.02 vs. 113.34±4.72㎜, p<0.05; HBL-4 months, 163.93±5.42 vs. 182.83±4.32㎜, p<0.05; TL-4 months, 107.23±3.25 vs. 93.95±2.15㎜, p<0.05). Gompertz 모형과 logistic 모형을 적용하였을 때, 머리-몸통길이에서는 수컷이 암컷보다 최대 성숙 길이가 길었고(164.840±7.453 vs. 182.830±4.319㎜, p<0.0001; 163.936±5.415 vs. 182.840±4.333㎜, p<0.0001), 성장률도 빨랐으나(1.351±0.065 vs. 1.435±0.085, p<0.05; 2.870±0.253 vs. 3.211±0.635, p<0.05), 성장곡 선의 기울기가 최대가 되는 일령은 암컷보다 조금 늦었다(5.121±0.318 vs. 5.520±0.333, p<0.05; 6.884±0.336 vs. 7.503±0.453, p<0.05). 한편 꼬리의 최대길이(105.695±5.938 vs. 94.150±2.507㎜, p<0.001; 111.609±14.881 vs. 93.960±2.150㎜, p<0.05)와 변곡점에서의 길이(60.306±1.992 vs. 67.859±1.330㎜, p<0.0001; 55.714±7.458 vs. 46.975±1.074㎜, p<0.05)는 암컷이 수컷보다 긴 것으로 나타났다. 두 성장모형에서 암수의 체중과 외부형태형질에 대한 성장률은 비교 결과 유사하였다. 이러한 결과는 비단털쥐의 종적 특징을 밝히는데 필요한 자료로 이용될 것이다.

The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Livestock and Food in Korea has done an R&D project to develop new corn and soybean varieties and cultivation technologies with Seoul National University and on-site company for three years in Russia, where Korean government has done the overseas’ agriculture for more than a decade. The objective of this study is to analyze the investment value of three years’ funding. For this, a Cost-Benefit and Scenario analysis approaches were used. The results revealed that 1) For the case of soybean, cost seems to outweigh benefits under a pessimistic scenario, but otherwise in case of neutral and optimistic scenarios. 2) The result of corn shows high economic efficiency for all scenarios. 3) The most important implication of this study is that Korea’s oversea agriculture R&D projects need to expand to different countries, regions, and crops.

본 연구는 2012년부터 2014년까지의 번식기 동안 광주광역시에서 제비의 영소지 선택과 번식생태를 파악하기 위하 여 이루어졌다. 모든 둥지는 건물의 수직 벽과 지붕에 붙어 있었으며, 둥지의 외측 직경은 18.2±3.2㎝, 깊이는 9.8±3.1 ㎝, 둥지 내측 직경은 11.2±1.5㎝, 내측 깊이는 3.4±0.5㎝로 지면에서 평균 2.9±0.3m 높이에 위치하였다. 번식 둥지는 시멘트 벽(44.9%), 목재(23.1%), 벽돌(21.8%), 전등(6.4%)에 부착되어 있었다. 한배 산란수는 2~5개 범위로 평균 4.5개이었다. 평균 알 장경은 18.23±0.73㎜, 단경은 13.11±0.25㎜, 알 부피는 1.60±0.11㎤, 알 형태지수는 1.39±0.05, 알 무게는 1.69±0.15g이었다. 부화 및 이소 성공률은 각각 89.1%와 84.5%이었다. 번식 실패의 주요 원인은 미수정란과 포식, 둥지훼손, 번식포기로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 제비의 서식지 보존 및 종 관리에 필요한 자료로 널리 활용될 것이라 판단된다.

본 연구에서는 우리나라에 번식하는 올빼미의 실질적인 행동권 파악을 통해 멸종위기야생동물 II급 올빼미의 생태적 특성을 규명하여 올빼미 개체군을 보호하고 보전하며 관리하는데 필요한 자료를 제공하고자 ‘자연환경보전법’에 따라 시행하고 있는 제 4차 전국자연환경조사의 일환으로 2016년 4월 14일~5월 20일까지 번식기 육추시기에 약 한달 간 진행했다. 그 결과 경북 일대에서 전장(Total Length) 423.5㎜ 와 무게 550g 의 암컷 1개체를 포획하였고 우리나라 최초로 추적에 성공했으며 직접관찰과 위성추적 관찰 좌표 6지점을 획득 하였다. 가장 먼 지점의 거리는 둥지로부터 93m의 이격 거리였다. 그리고 육추시기에 약 100m 반경에 대한 서식지 분석결과 밭 34.2%, 혼효림 30.6%, 과수원 10.5%, 자연초지 9.4% 순의로 토지피복도 우점 순위가 나타났다. 이는 이전의 연구결과와 매우 유사한 결과로 향후 수컷 또는 다른 개체들에 대한 추적조사를 바탕으로 추가 연구가 이루어져 멸종위기야생동물 II급 올빼미의 보호와 보전하는데 기초자료로서 활용을 기대한다.

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lagenariae is a destructive disease in cultivation of watermelon worldwide. This study was carried out to screen resistant lines to Fusarium wilt and to confirm resistant level of F1 hybrids derived from resistant lines by seedling test in bottle gourd to develop watermelon root stock. Symtpoms of bottle gourd seedlings infected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lagenariae were netted yellowing on the lowest leaves as the initial symptom and then progressed to shrinking of leaves and brown lesions just above the groundline and went to complete death. As a results of resistance screening by seedling test, four lines (71, 963385, BG710, IT210520) and two F1 hybrids (BG703 × FR79 and BG703 × PFR11) were selected for Fusarium wilt resistance. Four lines can be used as parental lines to produce F1 hybrid rootstock for watermelon. Genetic factors of resistance between parental lines and their F1 hybrids were not clear. It seems that several genes were involved or there was gene interaction. However, genetic analysis will be needed for clear confirmation of genetic aspects on disease resistance using their F2 population. Moreover, parental lines shoud be carefully selected in order to develop highly resistant F1 hybrids because resistance level of F1 hybrids vary according to the combination of parents. This study confirmed the possibility of developing high-resistant watermelon root stocks using bottle gourd.

Originally, most lilies for cut-flower were Asiatic and Oriental hybrids. These days, however, interspecific hybrid cultivars are reared worldwide and customers expect various flower types and colors. ‘Cream Bell’ cultivar is an interspecific OT hybrid (Oriental hybrid × Trumpet hybrid) bred at Chungnam-do ARES in 2013. In 2007, interspecific pollination by stigma cut-style of OT hybrid 'Yelloween' and Trumpet hybrid 'Pink Perfection' was conducted to foster the cultivar with flourishing growth, high resistibility to leaf burn and leaf blight. It went through seed culture, multiplication, and seedling from 2007 to 2010. Breeding hybrid evaluation showed that the quality of the hybrid is excellent. From 2011 to 2013, unheated vinyl house cultivation and cultivar registration were performed for characterization. The flower of this lily is clear cream and primrose in color, without spots. It has a width of 18.2 cm and the consistent large flower has a trumpet style, along with many inner and outer perianth overlap. The stem has an oatmeal color and mid-size leaves. Flowering time in the central district starts on the 27th June, which seems to be relatively early. The flower direction is oriented inflorescence and semi-upward, and the cultivar shows robustness to leaf burn and leaf blight. The bulb can be grown with stem and leaf after cutting the flower, as the plant is quite tall. Also, with the high rate of bulb growth, bulb production is convenient. Cut flower production is of high quality with only routine cultivation control (disease, insects, nutrient, and moisture).

The National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science achieved the breeding of the moon cactus cultivar ‘Hahong’ with dark red color in 2013. Initially, the red dark colored 'Seolhong' and 'Gohong' cultivars were crossed in 2009. Their seeds were harvested after 2 months, sterilized by C2H5OH 70% and NaOCl 2%, and then sowed in 100 mL flasks filled with Kyoto medium + Charcoal 0.1%. The bottom of the germinated shoot was cut, grafted in vitro into a young vine cactus, Hylocereus trigonus, and then planted in a test tube with the same medium. After 6 months, the young grafted cactus was moved into the greenhouse and hardened for 7 days. The cactus was grafted in vivo once a year for four years, the characteristics of growth were surveyed three times from 2011 to 2013, according to the guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability of Gymnocalycium mihanovichii. ‘Hahong’ has a flat round shape, dark red skin color (R 46B), an average of 8.3 ribs (8 – 10 ribs) similar to ‘Seolhong’. The spine on the body has gray and brown colors and grows up to 4.1 mm in average in a straight shape. The tubercle on the rib is projecting, with a diameter of 39.6 mm, and produces 14.2 offsets in average at 10 months from planting. The preference score for this cactus is 4.2 on a five-point scale. On June 1, 2015, ‘Hahong’ was registered (registration No. 5561) and is now protected by Korean Seed Industry Law.

In 2010, a new variety for sawdust cultivation,was produced by monokaryotic-monokaryotic crossing between Sanjo 701ho and FMRI0995. The optimum temperature for Sanjo 708ho mycelial growth was 25oC; mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar was 51.6 mm over 7 days. The fruiting pattern was sporadic, and the optimal temperature range for fruiting was 5~20oC. Regarding fruiting body characteristics, the pileus was 65.8 mm in size, 16.1 mm in thickness, and hemispherical in shape. The stipe was 42.6 mm in and 19.6 mm in thickness. Mproductivity was good during thelow-temperature period from autumn to spring, with an average productivity of 310.7 g/bag.

Oyster mushrooms are widely cultivated and consumed in Korea. P. ostreatus 'Suhan(ASI 2504)' is an ideal cultivar for mushroom farmers due to its dark pileus and thick stipe; however, as it is very sensitive to environmental conditions, an alternative cultivar is required. To develop a new cultivar, parental strains 'Suhan(ASI 2504)' and ‘ASI 0665 (Heuktari)’ were selected from various collected strains according to morphological characteristics. P. ostreatus ‘Soltari’ was developed by Di- Mon crossing between the dikaryotic strain ‘Suhan’ and the monokaryotic strain derived from ‘Heuktari’. Thirty-eight of the 100 crossed strains were selected following analysis of mitochondrial genetic characteristics, and 'Soltari' was ultimately selected by continuous cultivation tests. The mitochondrial DNA profile of ‘Soltari’ was found to be the same as that of ‘Heuktari, and a nuclear DNA profile of ‘Soltari’ was similar as those of the parental strains, ‘Suhan’ and ‘Heuktari.’ 'Soltari' mycelium grows adequately in moderate to high temperatures of 12–20oC, although its optimum temperature was found to be 30oC. Fruiting body production per 1.1-L cultivation bottle was approximately 158.8 g. Its stipe length and thickness were comparable to those of diameter and thickness were somewhat lower (42.72 vs. 51.33 mm and 18.18 vs. 22.46 mm, respectively). ‘Soltari’ was found to be more resistant to high CO2 atmosphere than 'Suhan', and the color of the pileus of 'Soltari' was dark gray at high temperature. Therefore, it is suggested that this new cultivar ‘Soltari’ is a good alternative cultivar and will contribute to energy saving in oyster mushroom farms.

The rice growing area in Yunnan province of China can be divided into six regions based on climate weather conditions, altitude, ecotype of rice varieties, eco-system, and so on as follows: the alpine and high elevation area of Japonica rice, the cold and warm area of Japonica rice, the Indica and Japonica rice area, the single and double cropping area, the paddy and upland rice area, and the single cropping area of Indica rice. In Yunnan, the annual acreage of rice cultivation has been maintained about 1 million hectares, only 3.8 percent of China’s paddy fields. Amounts of unhulled rice production in 2013 was estimated to be around 6.7 million tons. And average unhulled rice yield per ha was 5.79 tons to 6.70 tons during 2011 to 2013. The three major breeding stages commonly have been for rice breeding program: selection of purelines from native varieties by the first 1960s.: dissemination of introduced varieties from foreign countries in the mid 1960s through 1970s; and creation of new developed varieties by hybridization followed by selection after 1980s. In terms of developing Joponica rice variety, its breeding objectives has been set differently depending on altitude: high yielding, grain quality, cold tolerance, and adaptable to low nitrogen fertilizer varieties for growing in areas of 2,100 m to 2,600 m above the sea level; high yielding, grain quality, resistance to disease, and cold tolerance varieties for cultivating in areas of 1,800 m to 2,100 m; and high yielding, grain quality, resistance to disease, and lodging tolerance varieties for planting in areas of 1,450 m to 1,800 m. In addition, researchers are breeding Japonica hybrid varieties for improving yield potentials in Yunnan Agricultural University.

경남농업기술원 화훼육종연구소에서 1997년부터 교배조합 육성을 위하여 국내의 재배농가와 종묘업체로부터 유전자원 을 수집한 후, 핑크 중륜계 품종육성을 위해 2001년에 모본으 로 Phalaenopsis amabilis를, 부본으로는 Phalaenopsis ‘Happy Valentine’를 이용하여 교잡하였으며 후대를 획득하여 계통선 발육종을 하였다. 최종 선발된 우수계통은 2007년부터 2009 년까지 3회의 특성검정을 거쳐서 호접란 신품종 ‘스노우 핑크’ 를 육성하였다. ‘스노우 핑크’는 연한핑크색의 꽃을 가진 품종 이며 꽃잎 형태가 둥글고 안아피기 형태여서 대조품종에 비해 화형이 우수하였다. ‘스노우 핑크’ 꽃잎의 아래쪽 반은 흰색이 나 위쪽 반은 연한핑크색 무늬가 분포되어 있어 꽃잎 색의 다 른 분포가 대비를 이루어 소비자의 관심을 끌어낼 수 있으리 라 판단되었다. 또한 대조품종은 꽃 배열이 다소 흐트러진 반 면 ‘스노우 핑크’의 경우 꽃의 간격이 일정하고 가지런하게 배 열되어 대조품종에 비해 꽃 배열이 우수하며 꽃 수도 많은 편이다. 생육속도도 빠르고 재배하기가 용이하였으며 평균 꽃 수명 또한 55일 이상으로 길었다. 연한핑크계 중륜 품종으로 는 시장성이 높고 소비자기호도 평가에서 높은 점수를 받아 2010년 국립종자원에 품종 출원하여 2011년 12월에 품종등록 을 완료하였다.

신품종 Phalaenopsis ‘SM 5616’은 2003년 경북대에서 Doritaenopsis ‘Sogo Vivien’과 Phal. ‘Zuma’s Pixie’를 모본과 부본으로 교배하여 육성한 개체 중에서 선발한 적색 소형 다 화 분지성이다. 2004년부터 2005년까지 2년에 걸쳐 실생 300 개체를 양성하여 이들 중에서 영양생장과 개화특성이 우수한 개체 ‘03-05-61’을 선발하였다. 2006년과 2007년에 1차, 2차 특 성검정을 통하여 품종의 안정성과 균일성을 확인하고 ‘SM 5616’으로 명명하였다. ‘SM 5616’은 화색이 화사하고 선명한 적색(71A)이며, 화형은 안아피기로 안정되어 있다. 꽃의 길이 와 폭은 각각 4.3cm, 4.6cm로 소형이다. 복총상화서로 볼륨 이 있으며 소형 캐주얼분화에 적합하다. 잎의 길이와 폭은 각 각 13.2cm, 7.2cm이며 엽형은 난형으로 수평이다. 기내증식 율이 높고 변이가 거의 없으며 영양생장 우수하여 재배관리가 용이하다. Phal. ‘SM 5616’은 2011년 12월 21일 국립종자원에 품종등록(등록번호 제3824호)하여 종자산업법에 의해 보호받 고 있으며 현재 상미원에서 관리하고 있다.

To breed a new Korean Pleurotus eryngii cultivar with high quality and yield, single crosses between 24×46 and KNR2539 were performed, and a new cultivar, 6×13, was selected based on the days to harvest (14.6 days), quality (7.2), and yield (85.9 g/850 cc bottle). The strain was named Aeryni 5 and cultivated on a large scale at the mushroom farms to compare with Keuneutari 2ho. The yield of Aeryni 5 (82.2 g) was 122.7% of Keuneutari 2ho, and the quality of the new cultivar was 7.7 while reference cultivar was 6.3. The yield and quality of the two cultivars were statistically different. The lightness of the pileus of Aeryni 5 (61.7) was greater than that of Keuneutari 2ho by 3.4 points; thus, the pileus of Aeryni 5 looked brighter. PCR with URP2 was used to discriminate between Aeryni 5 and Kenneutari 2ho.

본 시험은 성 성숙기의 한우 암송아지 18두(14개월령, 평균체중 251kg)를 이용하여 저 수준의 농후사 료 급여에 따른 성장과 번식능력에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 공시축은 시판 한우 번 식우용 배합사료를 체중의 0.8%(T1) 및 1.2%(T2)씩 총 30개월(사양시험 20개월, 번식능력시험 10개월) 동안 섭취하였으며, 처리구당 9두를 2우리에 완전임의 배치를 하였다. 본 시험의 사양시험 결과를 한국 가축사양표준의 영양소 요구량과 비교해 볼 때, T1구에서 성장이 제대로 되지 못한 이유는 에너지 보다 는 단백질 섭취부족 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 공시축의 체형변화에서 저 영양수준으로 인하여 영향을 가장 많이 받는 부위는 흉폭과 체장이었으며 특히, 흉폭은 시험시작시보다도 종료시 측정치가 오히려 3.7% 작았다. 난소의 크기는 T1구가 T2구의 약 63%수준밖에 되지 않았으며, 수태율(33.3% : 77.8%)과 송아지의 생시체중(22.5kg : 29.5kg)도 T1구에서 심각하게 저하되었다. 따라서 한우번식우 사양에 있 어서 성성숙기 이후에도 에너지보다는 단백질 공급수준에 의해 사양성적 및 번식능력에 많은 영향을 끼 치는 것으로 나타났다.

Oyster mushroom is one of mushrooms that are cultivated and consumed a lot in Korea. P. ostreatus 'ASI 2504(Suhan)' is a preferable cultivar to mushroom farmers because it has a dark pileus and a thick stipe. But it is very sensitive to environmental conditions, so farmers demand an alternative cultivar of ‘Suhan’ continuously. To develop a new cultivar, parental strains ‘ASI 2504(Suhan)’ and ‘ASI 0665(Heuktari)’ were selected from P. ostreatus’s various collected strains according to morphological characteristics. P. ostreatus ‘Soltari’ was developed by the method of Di-Mono crossing between dikaryotic strain ‘Suhan’ and monokaryotic strain derived from ‘Heuktari’. Analysis of the mitochondrial genetic characteristics was performed for primary selection in 100 crossed strains. The mitochondrial DNA profile of ‘Soltari’ was same as that of ‘Heuktari’, when mitochondrial DNA primer MtPo1 was used. And a nuclear DNA profile of ‘Soltari’ was similar as those of the parental strains, ‘Suhan’ and ‘Heuktari’, when RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primer URP 1, 3 were used. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was 30°C for ‘Soltari’. ‘Soltari’ was appropriate for middle high temperature to grow, especially 13~18°C. Fruiting body production per bottle (1,100mL) was about 158.6g. When compared to the control strain ‘Suhan’, the stipe’s length and thickness of ‘Soltari’ were similar to those of ’Suhan’. But the pileus diameter of ‘Soltari’ was a little shorter than that of ‘Suhan’, the former was 42.72mm, while the latter was 51.33mm. And the pileus thickness of ‘Soltari’ and ‘Suhan’ were 18.18mm and 25.46mm, respectively. ‘Soltari’ was more resistant at high CO2 concentration than ‘Suhan’ and the color of pileus of ‘Soltari’ was kept dark gray at high temperature. Therefore, it is suggested that this new cultivar ‘Soltari’ be an alternative of ‘Suhan’ and contribute to energy saving effect in oyster mushroom farms.

The quantity of imported beef has increased since import liberalization in 2001 and continued agreements on FTAs. To obtain competitiveness in domestic Hanwoo industry, the industry has tried to make a high-quality beef and Hanwoo meat has a high price premium compared with imported beef or domestic Yukwoo as a result. Therefore there exists always economic incentive for non-Hanwoo meat to be sold as Hanwoo meat. Several research data supports this inference. This paper calculates the economic welfare loss on the domestic Hanwoo breeding farms caused by violating labelling originality using a simulation model. To estimate the welfare loss, this paper uses an EDM model based on various scenarios which assume different values on several key variables. The simulation results show that the welfare loss of the Hanwoo breeding farms varies from many billions wons at least to more than one trillion wons at maximum. We have to make an effort to eradicate the violating labelling originality to develop domestic Hanwoo industry.