코골이 및 수면 무호흡증 등의 수면 질환은 정신적, 육체적 피로감을 유발하고 정상적인 활동에 심각한 영향을 미치고 있다. 코골이는 공기가 좁아진 기도를 통과할 때 진동에 의해서 일어나는 호흡잡음이고, 수면 무호흡은 기도 주변의 조직이 이완됨에 따라 기도가 일시적으로 막히게 될 때 일어나는 현상이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 수면 중 코골이를 검출하고 이를 경감하려는 많은 시도가 이루어져왔다. 본 연구에서는 수면 중 코골이 신호의 검출에 있어서 오류가 발생되는 원인인 주변 잡음이나 기타 영향을 제거하기 위한 새로운 센싱 시스템과 분석 알고리즘의 개발을 수행하였다. 센싱 시스템은 베개 내부에 내장되는 두 개의 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 진동 센서를 포함하고 있으며 검출되는 신호를 수집, 저장하는 하드웨어부와 코골이 신호를 판단하는 신호처리부로 이루어졌다. 베개에 내장되는 PVDF 센서 중 제 1센서는 코골이 신호를 검출하고 제 2센서는 코골이 신호 및 주변의 잡음을 검출한다. 본 실험에는 10명의 피험자가 참여하였으며 수면 중 잡음이 발생할 수 있는 다양한 환경 조건 하에서 신호를 검출하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 다양한 잡음환경 하에서 코골이 신호가 코골이가 아닌 잡음에 비해 약 70% 이상의 에너지 값을 가지는 것을 확인하였고 이를 통해 잡음으로부터 코골이 신호를 정확하게 검출하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 수면 중 발생하는 코골이의 경감을 위한 베개의 개발과 정량적인 수면상태 평가를 통해 건강한 수면 환경을 제시할 수 있는 숙면 유도 시스템의 개발에도 활용될 것이다.

Equine coital exanthema (ECE) caused by equine herpes virus type 3 (EHV-3) is a sexually transmitted disease which is resulted in the failure of mating, declination of horse productivity and finally economic loss in horse industry. In this thesis, diagnosis studies on ECE have been performed in order to develop a serological diagnosis method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA has been developed to detect antibodies against EHV-3. Whole EHV-3 viruses were purified from cell culture and coated on ELISA plate, which successfully captured by anti-EHV-3 antibody in serum samples. The positive cut-off value of developed ELISA was 0.334 at OD405 using 15 negative control horse sera. The positive rate of 20 sera from ECE positive horses by PCR was 65% and the positive rate of 12 sera from ECE negative horses by PCR was 25%. The positive rate of 72 sera from horses showing clinical signs was 59.7% and the positive rate of 72 sera from horses showing no clinical signs was 13.9%. The correlation of serum positivity between broodmares and their sucklings was analysed using 12 pairs of cases (y=0.5418x—0.0158, R2= 0.4931). The data suggested that specific antibody against EHV-3 from broodmares might be transferred to their sucklings by nursing. When compared with the results of PCR, the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 65%, 81.8% respectively.

Real-time PCR could help to provide answers to urgent questions about the incidence, prevalence, and epidemiology of currently emerging food-borne bacteria and diseases as identification and detection tools. The objective of this study was carried out to examine several critical parameters that must be optimized when converting from the ABI Prism 7000 SDS platform to the Cepheid SmartCycler Ⅱ so as to directly use the same primer and probe sequences. A lyophilized master mix-OmniMix HS bead, MgCl2 concentration, and PCR cycling conditions were evaluated so as to convert to a new platform, Smartcycler Ⅱ. The best optimal cycling conditions to detect Cronobacter sakazakii on SmartCycler Ⅱ were as follow: initial denaturation at 95℃ for 2 min followed by 45 cycles of 95℃ for 15 s, and 60℃ for 60 s using OmniMix HS bead contained 6 mM MgCl2 concentration. And the Ct value was 16.97 compared to 23.84 of Ct value in ABI Prism 7000 SDS. This result showed that when the several analytical parameters were taken the consideration for optimization, it could be performed assays between real-time PCR platforms. Also it is need of further study to develop the new single multiplex real-time PCR method for determining various Cronobacter spp. including three subspecies, too.

본 논문에서는 컨테이너 영상의 식별자를 검출하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안 방법에서는 먼저 형태학적 필터를 이용하여 컨테이너 영상이 앞면 또는 뒷면 영상인지를 판단한다. 컨테이너 영상이 앞면일 경우 수직,수평 히스토그램을 비교하여 식별자 영역을 추정하고, 컨테이너 영상이 뒷면일 경우 3번째 손잡이의 위치와 수평 히스토그램을 이용하여 식별자 영역을 추정한다. 그리고 추정된 식별자 영역을 이진화한 다음, 최종적으로 8방향 윤곽선 추적 알고리즘과 식별자 조건을 이용하여 식별자를 검출하였다. 많은 다양한 컨테이너 영상에 대한 실험결과, 제안된 방법이 앞면 컨테이너 영상에 대해서는 기존 방법과 비슷한 성능을 나타내지만 기존 방법으로 해결하지 못한 뒷면 컨테이너 영상에 대해서도 우수한 식별자 검출 성능을 나타내었다.

한국원자력연구원 내 지하 처분 연구시설(KURT)에서 채취한 지하수에 존재하는 나노 콜로이드 입자의 크기 및 농도를 현장에서 조사하기 위해 이동식 레이저 유도 파열 검출 장치를 개발하였다. 제작한 장치는 CCD 카메라를 이용하여 레이저 유도 플라즈마가 발생한 위치를 2-차원 영상으로 기록함으로써 광학적으로 입자의 크기를 결정할 수 있다. 크기가 정확히 알려진 폴리스틸렌 표준 입자를 이용하여 입자 크기 측정용 검정 곡선(calibration curve)을 구했고, 이를 이용하여 지하 처분 연구시설에서 채취한 지하수내 콜로이드 입자의 크기를 측정하였다. 지하수 내 존재하는 콜로이드 입자의 평균 크기는 108±26 nm임을 보였고, 농도는 50 ppb 이하인 것으로 추정하였다.

Toluene, xylene, styrene, and ethylbenzene are main volatile organic compounds emitted from painting materials. According with the development of gas chromatography equipment, it has been possible to analyze the low level of ambient VOCs concentration. In this study, the limit of detection and the limit of quantitation were analysed for VOCs originated from painting materials in GC/FID/liquid injection analysis system. The results of %RSD for four standard solutes showed a great reproducibility in terms of detection time and detection area. The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation in SRI GC appeared to be 501.64 pg and 1.67 ppb for toluene, 572.03 pg and 1.90 ppb for ethylbenzene, 1077.22 pg and 3.59 ppb for m,p-xylene, 36563.35 pg and 121.76 ppb for styrene, respectively.

ZnO thin films were prepared on a glass substrate by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering without intentional substrate heating and then surfaces of the ZnO films were irradiated with intense electrons in vacuum condition to investigate the effect of electron bombardment on crystallization, surface roughness, morphology and hydrogen gas sensitivity. In XRD pattern, as deposited ZnO films show a higher ZnO (002) peak intensity. However, the peak intensity for ZnO (002) is decreased with increase of electron bombarding energy. Atomic force microscope images show that surface morphology is also dependent on electron bombarding energy. The surface roughness increases due to intense electron bombardment as high as 2.7 nm. The observed optical transmittance means that the films irradiated with intense electron beams at 900 eV show lower transmittance than the others due to their rough surfaces. In addition, ZnO films irradiated by the electron beam at 900 eV show higher hydrogen gas sensitivity than the films that were electron beam irradiated at 450 eV. From XRD pattern and atomic force microscope observations, it is supposed that intense electron bombardment promotes a rough surface due to the intense bombardments and increased gas sensitivity of ZnO films for hydrogen gas. These results suggest that ZnO films irradiated with intense electron beams are promising for practical high performance hydrogen gas sensors.

Recently, speedy, convenient and easy detection technologies have been developed rapidly and on the contrary, studies on development of traditional detectors applying biochemical characteristics has gradually been decreased. This review examined trend in current studies on detection of food-borne pathogenic microorganisms in the fields of selective media, immuno-assay, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), microarray, terahertz spectroscopy &imagination and so on. Most traditional methods to detect the organisms from food matrix rely on selective media and such a method have disadvantages like long time requirement and distinguishing one species only from each selective medium although they are highly economical. Various new convenient methods such as Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA), paper-strip kit, fluoroimmunoassay etc. have been developed. The most ideal method for detecting food-borne pathogenic microorganisms in foods should be accurate, convenient, rapid and economical. Additionally, it is needed that capabilities of quantitative analysis and automation to be applied to industries.

We constructed a standard curve to quantify Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat product, especially sausage samples, using real-time PCR. A standard curve was generated using serially diluted L. monocytogenes cells in distilled water. When cells were artificially inoculated in 10 g of sausage samples in 90㎖ buffered peptone water, the cell concentration of range was approximately 1.0×108 to 100 CFU/㎖. The standard curve of the serially diluted cells was linear for at least seven orders of magnitude from 103 to 109 CFU/㎖ of L. monocytogenes. When cells were diluted in sausages, the linearity range was from 104 to 108 CFU/㎖. The correlation coefficient (R2) of diluted cells was 0.9888 and the slope of the curve was —2.6621. The coefficient and slope of inoculated samples were 0.9916 and —2.747, respectively. The R2 value for serially diluted L. monocytogenes and artificially contaminated sausage samples were acceptable. The approach described in this study represents the potency of the quantification of L. monocytogenes in sausage samples by quantitative real-time PCR. It can be used in monitoring the presence and persistence of this pathogen in sausages.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis and autoimmune polyradiculoneuropathy. Campylobacter jejuni is the most commonly identified infectious trigger for GBS. A sialic-acid containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Campylobacter is thought to be involved in the triggering of GBS. The galE (UDPgalactoset- epimerase) gene of Campylobacter spp. is involved in the synthesis of LPS. In this study, we detected the galE gene in Campylobacter spp. responsible for triggering the onset of GBS. The PCR assay detected the presence of the gene in 14 of the 25 (56%) Campylobacter isolates from domestic chicken, 20 of the 28 (71.4%) Campylobacter isolates from imported chicken and 50 of the 51 (98%) Campylobacter isolates from human clinical samples. Also, the specific 497-bp region of galE sequence in Campylobacters responsible for triggering the onset of GBS was amplified from GBS patient. These results could provide evidence of the first GBS-related C. jejuni infection in Korea.

In recent years, the national surveillance network reported the isolation of Enterobacter sakazakii and coliform from powdered infant formula (PIF). PIF means a breast-milk substitute specially manufactured to satisfy the nutritional requirements of infants during the first month. PIF is not sterile infant food and may be intrinsically contaminated with pathogens, such as E. sakazakii and Salmonella enterica that can cause serious illness in infants. Intrinsic contamination of PIF with E. sakazakii and S. enterica has been a cause of infection and illness in infants. E. sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogens and more commonly found than S. enterica in manufacturing environment. Even low levels of contamination of E. sakazakii and S. enterica in PIF were considered to be a risk factor. Enterobacteriaceae showed the high prevalence and some Enterobacteriaceae causing disease were detected. The infant food industry should be encouraged to reduce the concentration and prevalence of E. sakazakii in both the manufacturing environment and PIF. The presence of these microorganisms in PIF may occur as a results of contamination through ingredients during PIF manufacturing process and from the processing environment during packaging. In order to ensure that ingredients and packaging materials are microbiologically suitable, PIF manufacturer need to be selection of supplier according to stringent criteria (e.g. HACCP, good hygienic practices) and testing of ingredients especially colostrum. In conclusion, it is continually necessary to monitor the potential pathogens and reduce them to improve the microbial quality of non-sterilized PIF.

폴리플루오렌(polyfluorene) 기반의 양이온성 공액 고분자를 형광 공명 에너지 전달(fluorescenceresonanceenergytransfer;FRET) 에너지 주게로, fluorescein(Fl)이 레이블 된 단일 가닥 DNA(ssDNA-Fl)를 에너지 받게 물질로 이용하여 DNA 검출 시스템의 감도 향상을 위한 연구를 수행하였다. FRET 속도는 에너지 주게-받게 간 거리에 매우 민감하여 주게-받게 간의 거리가 감소함에 따라 FRET의 효율은 증가하나, 이와 동시에 광 유발 전자 전달 (photo-inducedchargetransfer;PCT)이 경쟁적으로 일어난다. 이러한 PCT 과정은 FRET과 경쟁관계에 놓여있으며, FRET에 의해 유도된 센서 신호의 실질적인 세기를 감소시킨다. PCT 형광억제 현상 역시 거리에 매우 민감하여 주게-받게 간 거리가 증가함에 따라 지수함수적으로 감소한다. 따라서 에너지 주게 및 받게 사이의 거리를 조절하고 FRET과 PCT 간의 경쟁을 제어하기 위해 Layer-by-Layer(LbL) 기술을 도입하였다. 정전기적 인력에 따른 전해질의 흡착을 이용하여 전해질 다층 박막을 제작하고 전해질 층수를 달리함으로써, FRET 주게인 양 이온성 공액 고분자와 FRET 받게인 ssDNA-Fl 사이의 거리를 분자 수준에서 조절하였다. 이를 통해FRET에 의해 유도된 fluorescein의 형광 세기를 제어할 수 있음을확인하였다. LbL 기술을 이용한 분자 수준의 에너지 주게-받게 간 거리 제어를 통해 FRET과 PCT 사이의 경쟁을 제어함으로써 FRET을 기반으로 하는 고분자 바이온 센서의 DNA 검출 감도를 향상시킬 수 있으리라 예상된다.

보행자 교통사고율은 야간에 특히 그 비율이 더 높기 때문에, 야간 보행자 감지 시스템을 장착한 모델들의 출시가 증가하는 추세이다. 현재 상용 제품들은 일반적으로 고가 또는 다루기 까다로운 레이더 + 카메라, 다중 카메라 같은 복합적 센서를사용하거나, 나이트비젼과 같이 단일 센서를 사용하는 경우 운용 환경이 지극히 제한적이다. 이 논문에서는 적응적 이진화와 적분 영상을 이용하여 야간용 PDS에서 흑백 카메라를 사용하여 ROI(관심 영역)를 축소하는 기법을 제안한다. 다양한 조건에서 촬영된 동영상 프레임들에 대해 비교한 결과 제안 기법이 더 정확하고 환경 변화에 대해 견고함이 확인되었다. 기법 간 정확한 정량적 비교를 위해서 검출된 보행자와 비보행자 에지 화소수의 비를 사용했다.

Thirteen species of mealybugs were intercepted in quarantine at Korean ports of entry on plant materials from China over the past 9 years (2000-2009). Of these, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green has been newly reported in China through this study. This list and key are provided to assist in identifying intercepted specimens of mealybugs from China.