The purpose of this study was to evaluate the elementary students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice for food hygiene and safety. A self-administered questionnaire was developed and offered to 375 elementary school students throughout the Seoul region. The results of the survey were as follows: First, the knowledge, attitudes, and practice were not at satisfactory level. The scores of children's knowledge, attitudes, and practice were 67.42%, 3.83, and 3.81 out of 5 point scale, respectively. Second, knowledge, attitudes and practice levels were significantly different according to demographic characteristics. The lower grade-students had significantly higher scores for knowledge (p<.05), attitudes (p<.05) and practice (p<.01) than higher gradestudents, suggesting that food hygiene and safety education is more effective in younger students or that repeated education is needed for higher grade-students. Third, knowledge, attitudes and practice levels were significantly correlated each other. These results suggest that the education programs for food hygiene and safety should be developed for, as well as implemented in, lower elementary school grades.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the storytelling performance of Korean elementary school students by using the framework of narrative assessment profile (Bliss, McCabe, & Miranda, 1998). Story samples were collected from ten six-grade students during the English storytelling class. The English storytelling class consisted of mini lesson, storytelling activity, storytelling practice and self-assessment. Every class student was asked to practice storytelling in performing three tasks: picture book, family photo, and story stem. In this study, family photo storytelling samples were used to investigate. They were analyzed from six dimensions: topic maintenance, event sequencing, explicitness, referencing, conjunctive cohesion and fluency. From the diagnostic profile of strengths and weaknesses, five types of storytelling performance were presented. The implications for classroom practice and assessment were discussed.

初等學校에서 이루어지는 漢字漢文 교육이 정상적으로 이루어지려면 국가 수준에서 敎育課程을 제정하고, 敎科의 性格과 目標, 학습할 內容 體系의 준거를 마련하는 것이 필요하다. 이를 위해 필자는 다음과 같이 초등학교 한문 교과의 성격과 목표, 내용 체계를 수립하였다. 초등학교 한문은 漢字와 語彙에 대한 기초적인 지식을 익혀 言語生活에 活用하는 데 필요한 道具 敎科이며, 漢字와 語彙 및 漢文 短文의 학습을 통하여 우리의 傳統文化를 이해하고 계승하며, 漢字文化圈의 문화를 이해할 수 있는 기초 능력을 기르기 위한 교과이다.이와 같은 교과의 성격에 따라 초등학교 한문 교육의 목표를 설정하고, 설정된 목표는 다시 內容의 領域과 領域別 內容으로 具體化하였다. 초등학교 한문 교육과정의 내용은 漢字, 語彙, 漢文, 文化로 영역별 체계를 範疇化하고 그에 따른 하위 영역을 두어 構造化하였다. 이는 초등학교 한문 교과의 성격, 목표, 내용이 상호 統一的으로 連繫되도록 한 것이며, 아울러 중학교 한문 교과와의 연계도 고려한 것이다.

Absenteeism is an important index that is related not only to health but also to direct daily activities. It may lead to a student's poor educational performance and overall reduction in educational quality. Particularly, diseases causing school absenteeism are important for environmental health of children's study. However only a few studies regarding the effects of air pollution on school absenteeism due to respiratory disease have been reported. This study was performed to examine the effect of air pollution on absenteeism by respiratory disease, using school attendance reports from March 2002 to December 2004. In this study, we counted absenteeism numbers using school absenteeism data from the first to sixth grade and classified absenteeism into illness-related, non-illness-related and respiratory disease-related illness absences. To this end, we used air pollution data (CO, NO2, PM10, and SO2) and temperature and relative humidity data collected during the study period. Daily counts of absenteeism were analyzed by Generalized Additive Model after the adjustment of several factors such as seasonal variation, day of the week, and meteorological parameter confounders in a nonparametric approach. For each air pollutant, we analyzed illness-related absences, non-illness-related absences, and respiratory- illness related absences. Then, we considered both influenza and non-influenza related absenteeism type. In illness-related absences analysis, absenteeism risks increased to 1.05(1.02-1.08) for CO and 1.06 (1.02-1.10) for NO2 by each interquartile range change with adjustment for influenza. The risks for respiratory-related absences of CO and NO2 increased to 1.05(1.02-1.08) and 1.04(1.01-1.08), respectively by each interquartile range change with adjustment for influenza. However, in the analysis of non-illness-related absences, there were no significant risks for the effect of all air pollution. This result shows that air pollution can affect respiratory-related absences and provides a basis for developing environmental health policy against air pollution.

This study was followed up asthma incidence rate in primary schools indoor air quality. To investigate the history and prevalence rate of allergic diseases(asthma, atopy dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis), the standardized and generally used International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood(ISAAC) questionnaire was used to conduct the symptom survey for all participating subjects. The concentrations of major indoor air pollutants(dust mite allergen, aldehydes , VOCs, TBC, phthalate) were observed from April to May 2007. Sampling was undertaken at 19 primary schools. The sampling sites of air pollutants are classroom’s indoor and hallway. Dust mite allergen part it was detected from the case classroom and infirmary. The exposure quality of aldehyde and the place pollution level was indoor>outdoor>hallway, which whole is disease incidence rate high group appears more highly the low group than. The partially result of formaldehy and VOCs, the concentration of high environmental disease incidence rate showed also high. However, house dust allergen, TBC and phthalate measurement school was not the effect where the comparison of difference.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating habits and eating behaviors, nutrition knowledge of students in 4, 5 and 6th graders of elementary school in Jeonju Area. The subjects for questionnaire were 2,568 elementary school students (boys 1,364, girls 1,204). The results were analyzed by SPSS program, and were as follows. In anthropometric data, there were significant differences between boys and girls. In eating habits and eating behaviors, there were significant differences in the rate of 'Hasty eating habit(p<0.01)', 'Most heavy meal(p<0.01)', 'Eating when receive stress(p<0.05)', and 'Frequency of snack eating per day(p<0.01)' between boys and girls. In total scores of nutrition knowledge, there were significant differences between boys and girls. In nutrition knowledge, there were significant differences in the rate of 'Carbohydrate and fat give heat and force.(p<0.001)', 'Carbohydrate is nutrient that make muscle and blood of our body.(p<0.01)', 'Overeating of carbohydrate does not contribute gain of weight. (p<0.05)', To intake vitamin, it is good to eat fresh fruit and vegetable.(p<0.01)', 'Calcium deficiency is leading to anemia.(p<0.001)' between boys and girls. In conclusion, systematical educational programs need to be developed at elementary school. These should include information about achieving a balanced diet, good eating habit and behavior, meal management and Korean dietary culture. Also, nutritional education at home must be emphasized.

일산 거주 초등학생 33명 66안 (9.01±1.16, 세 2004년 기준)을 대상으로 조절마비하 자동 굴절검사, 각막지형도검사 및 A-scan Ultrasonography 를 실시하고 2년 동안 변화도를 분석하여, 한국인에 적합한 콘택트렌즈의 설계와 제조 및 임상에서 콘택트렌즈 피팅에 관한 참고 자료를 얻고자 하였다. 2년간 등가구면 굴절이상도는 -0.818±0.704 D(p=0.000) 근시쪽으로 변하고, 안축장은 0.310±0.309 mm(p=0.000) 증가했으며, 각막정점 곡률반경은 -0.007±0.033 mm(p=0.000) 변하고, 각막난시는 -0.024±0.367 D(p=0.590) 변화하였다. 각막 정점으로부터 주변부로 갈수록 비구면계수는 (-)음의 방향으로 증가하였고, 비구면 계수의 변화도는 10° 반경 0.005±0.092(p=0.691), 20°반경 0.003±0.076(p=0.692) 및 30° 반경 -0.012±0.063(p=0.127) 였다. 전체 대상자에서 비구면계수와 등가구면 굴절이상도, 각막 정점 곡률반경, 안축장은 상관성이 없었고, 2차 측정시 비구면계수와 각막난시는 낮은 상관성이 나타났으나(r=0.283, p=0.021), 변화도에서는 상관성이 없었다(r=0.009, p=0.945). 근시군에서는 각막 정점 곡률반경 (1차 : r=-0.399, p=0.014, 2차 : r =-0.361, p=0.028) 과는 낮은 상관성을 보였고, 변화도에서도 상관성을 보였다(r=0.410, p=0.012). 비구면계수와 각막난시는 낮은 상관성이 있었으나 (1차 : r=0.354, p=0.032, 2 차 : r=0.427, p=0.008), 변화도에서는 상관성이 없었다(r=-0.012, p=0.945). 반면, 비근시군은 비구면계수와 제시된 안광학상수 사이에 상관성이 없었다. 이상의 분석 결과를 활용하여 비구면계수과 관련된 각막의 비구면성을 이해할 수 있으며, 성장기 학생의 각막 형상에 적합한 콘택트렌즈의 설계 및 제조를 위해서는 근시안에 대한 장기적인 후속 연구가 요구된다.

This treatise`s main point is to investigate the strategies of the developmental teaching and learning which are valid in the Danso-class of elementary school. Danso has been appointed as a musical instrument to be played in the class of elementary school since the fifth process of the educational course. Although 20 years has passed since then, however, this course is still considered very difficult to follow by most of the students and teachers who should be educated at least more than two times. It is my understanding, therefore, that we should try to develop various ways of solutions that can resolve many problems in Danso course of elementary school by providing the ``universal`` orientation for teachers. The point that we pay attention to in this treatise is that I apply the tonic solfa according to the movable-do system of Kodaly partially in order to improve the unsatisfactory circumstances of the Danso class of elementary school. His method provides us with very efficient means in learning syllable names and reading musical notes in Korean traditional music. In this study, we will see the strategies of the developmental teaching and learning in the Danso-class of elementary school according to the six levels.

이 연구의 목적은 과학관 전시의 교육 과정 반영에 대한 평가 기준을 개발하고 적용하는 것이다. 이 목적을 구현하기 위하여 초등 과학과 지구과학 성취기준에 근거한 평가 기준을 개발하였고 이를 국립중앙과학관 전시에 적용하여 과학관 전시의 교육 과정 반영도와 평가 척도를 측정하였다. 연구결과 국립중앙과학관의 초등 과학과 교육 과정 중 지구과학 내용의 반영도는 52%이고 평가 척도는 3.53으로 평가되었다. 특히 지질 영역과 천문 영역에서는 높은 반영수준을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 국립중앙과학관이 비형식 교육 기관으로서 학교 과학 교육과 비교적 잘 연계되고 있음을 보여준다. 과학관은 학교 과학 교육과 연계되어야 하며, 그 과정은 과학관이 교육 과정을 충실히 반영하는 것으로부터 시작되어야 한다. 이를 위해 과학관이 교육 과정을 반영하는데 지표가 될 기준이 필요하다. 이러한 관점에서 이 연구의 결과는 과학관과 학교 과학 교육의 연계 수준을 진단하고 발전 방향을 설정하는데 필요한 기초 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to examine how two different groups of students who took P.E. lessons from P.E. teachers and homeroom teachers respectively during a semester perceived the objectives, method, evaluation and environments of P.E. instruction.

Spelling is a complicated skill, which is difficult to acquire even for native language learners. During the early stages of learning to read, children use various orthographic strategies to spell and their spellings show different developmental characteristics. This present study examines Korean elementary school students" English spelling. This is a cross-sectional study: three hundred and fifty seven students" spelling data was collected from 4th, 5th and 6th grade students and analyzed for comparison from the developmental spelling view. The data was analyzed into two categories: accuracy of spelling at each grade and the children"s invented spellings. Results showed that the EFL children"s spellings have developmental features similar to native language learners or ESL learners. The fourth graders omitted vowels and substituted letter names instead of short vowels. As the grades increase, the salient features of spelling were changed; whereas the fourth graders showed low level achievement in CVVC words, the six graders" spelling presented increased achievement in the same category. However, they have different aspects in detail, e.g. Korean learners acquire diphthongs earlier than CVck, which is unusual compared to the native English learners. Finally, a conclusion was drawn from the data and instructional suggestions are provided.

This study was carried out to find out differences about meal conditions and food preference between non-obese and obese elementary school children. Ten children(non-obese 5 and obese 5) from each of the nationwide 192 schools were surveyed by self-developed questionnaire. Total of 1,767 questionnaires(815 from non-obese and 952 from obese children) were collected and data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 program. The results of the comparative analysis were summarized as follows. There was not significantly different in height between non-obese group(151.0±12.5cm) and obese group(151.2±12.3cm). But BMI was significant difference between non-obese group(18.0±2.2cm) and obese group(27.3±3.2cm). Economical status was not significantly different between 2 groups. But educational level of parents and mother’ job were significant differences between 2 groups. Only 2/3 of the subjects reported to have breakfast at regular basas, regularity of having breakfast was not significantly different between 2 groups. Also regularity of having lunch during vacation was not significantly different between 2 groups. But Reasons of skipping breakfast and lunch were significantly different between 2 groups. Regularity of having dinner, reasons of skipping dinner, intake amount in dinner, and frequency of having snacks were significantly different between 2 groups. But the time required for lunch and dinner were under 20 minutes of 60-80% of the subjects, and were not significantly different between 2 groups. Non-obese group have liked fast foods, fruits & juices, sweets, and cakes & cookies than obese group. Obese group have liked meat & meat products and ramyeon, but they have not eaten those foods frequently because of anxiety about being more fatty. These findings suggested that nutrition education programs include different strategy according to obesity and obese prevention program is needed for non-obese school children.

본고는 초등학교 한자 지도의 단계를 설정하고 각 단계에서 유의해야 할 점을 정리하여 초등학교 한자 지도의 구체적인 절차와 방법을 제시하고자 한다.그리고 본 연구를 초등학교 한자 지도 방법에 관한 하나의 시안으로서 제안하고자 한다.초등학교 한자 교육의 바람직한 방향을 제시해보면 다음과 같다.첫째,현재로서는 재량활동 시간에 이루어지는 것이 바람직하다.둘째,한문 문장 중심보다는 한자와 한자어 중심으로 지도하는 것이 바람직하다.셋째,중학교 한문 교육과 연계성이 있어야 한다.넷째,교육 내용이 체계적이고 계획적이어야 한다.다섯째,지도 방법이 다양해야 한다.필자는 ‘3단계 학습법’을 기초로,초등학교 한자 지도 단계를 ‘한자지도단계,한자어지도단계,한자어활용단계’의 3단계로 구분하였다.그리고 이를 교실의 실제 수업에 맞게 좀 더 구체적으로 단계를 세분화하여,‘연역적 한자지도 10단계’와 ‘귀납적 한자지도 9단계’를 제안하였다.그리고 각각의 단계에서 유의할 점을 밝혀 초등학교 한자 지도의 한 모델로서 제시하였다.그동안 초등학교 한자 교육에 대한 연구 결과들이 일선 교사들의 다양한 지도 방법과 접목되지 못하는 아쉬움이 있었다.필자는 이 연구를 초등학교 한자 지도에 관한 하나의 시안으로서 제시하고자 하며,아울러 초등학교 한자 교육에 관한 구체적인 것들이 정리되고 학계의 통일된 안이 마련되어 일선 현장에 보급될 수 있기를 기대한다.

This study was performed to investigate the preference and perception on fruits especially, focusing on apples and pears served in elementary school lunch programs. The subjects of this study were 1,106 students (504 female and 595 male students)from seven elementary schools in Seoul. The survey was conducted by using self-administered questionnaire from July 10 to July 20, 2006. Based on the frequency analysis results, 45% of respondents ate fruits every day and 42% had fruits 2-3 times per week. Approximately, 53% of respondents indicated their usual time to eat fruits was after dinner and secondly 27% had fruits between lunch and dinner. Majority of respondents chose a watermelon as the most preferred fruits and the first chosen among nine fruits (apple, pear, madarin, strawberry, cherry tomato, watermelon, grape, melon, and peach). Cherry tomato was found as the least preferred fruits by 30% of students, however cherry tomato was most frequently offered fruits in elementary school lunch menu. About 50% students were satisfied with the served fruits in their school lunch program. In addition, most students said that they would have fruits more frequently in their lunch menu. However, one fifth of students addressed that they were not satisfied with the fruits in school lunch program because of kinds of fruits, freshness of fruits, taste of fruits, and quantity of fruits. Almost 71% of students preferred apples. Seventy three percents of students preferred eating apples without peel and 78% of students ate apples as slices of apples. In addition, 61% of students indicated their preference of apple salads. Many students responded they did not eat apples and pears frequently since they do not have a chance to eat them. The implications to increase the chance to eat fruits and promote elementary children's fruits consumption were discussed.

제주지역 초 • 중 · 고생 1383명을 대상으로 하여 안경 장용율， 시력검사 장소， 안경 교체시기 · 비용 · 이유， 안경장용과 거주지역간의 상관성 등에 관하여 설문조사를 실 시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 조사 대상자의 573 명 (41 .43%) 에 해당하는 학생이 시력교정을 위해서 안경을 장 용하는 것으로 조사되었다. 이들 안경장용 학생의 학년별 분포를 조사한 결과， 학년이 높아질수록 안경장용율이 증가하고 있음을 확인하였다(초등학생 21.40%, 중학생 45.33%, 고등학생 50.73%). 2. 안경교체시기에 대해 초 · 중 · 고생 공통적으로 6개월 이상 -1 년 미만이 가장 많 은 비율을 차지하고 있었다(초등학생 43.83%, 중학생 52.02%, 고등학생 59.21%). 3. 안경교체이유는 시력변화가 54.62%, 테 · 렌즈 파손이 28.97%, 안경을 바꾸고 싶 어서가 14.66%, 기타 1.75% 순으로 조사되었다. 4. 안경 교체시 사용비용은 전체 학생의 48.17% 에 해당하는 학생이 30，000원 이상 50，000원 미만의 금액을 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 이들 학생들은 해당 학년에 서， 초등학생은 32.87%, 중학생은 43.50%, 고등학생은 55.96%로 나타났다. 5. 안경 구입시 안경태와 안경렌즈의 상대적인 중요도에 관한 질문에 대해서는 둘 다 중요하다고 응답한 경우가 가장 많았다. 6. 안경을 장용한다고 응답한 학생들을 대상으로， 현재 사용중인 안경의 시력검안 장소에 관한 질문에 대해 초등학생은 안과에서， 중 · 고생은 안경원에서 시력검 사를 받는 학생의 비율이 더 높게 나타났다. 7. 안경 장용 학생의 지역별 분포를 조사한 결과， 제주시가 45.03%로 가장 많았으 며 서귀포시 (26.35%) ， 북제주군 (14.66%) ， 남제주군 (13.96%) 순으로 나타났다.

In education, a teacher was the most important educational environment than any other and that teacher's values and beliefs became a part of education process, which could affect greatly on the children. Therefore, each teacher's perception on the subject

목적 : 이 논문의 목적은 운동 실행능력과 읽기, 쓰기에 바탕을 둔 시지각과의 관계를 알아보기 위함이다.연구방법 : 경남 김해에 위치한 초등학교에 재학 중인 1학년 아동 20명, 2학년 아동 20명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 시지각 능력 평가를 위하여 K-DTVP-2를, 운동실행능력을 평가하기 위하여 COMPS와 SIPT의 하위항목인 PrVC를 사용하였다. 결과 : 시지각과 운동 실행 사이에는 유의한 차이가 있었지만, COMPS, PrVC, K-DTVP-2 평가결과는 나이와 성별에서 차이가 없었다. K-DTVP-2는 PrVC와 COMPS와 관련이 있었다. VMI 점수는 2학년이 1학년보다 더 높았으며, 여기서 시각과 운동의 통합은 연령이 높아질수록 발달된다는 것을 알 수 있었다.결론 : 초등학교 1학년과 2학년의 시지각 능력은 운동 실행과 관련이 있었다. 그러나 이 연구에서는 몇 가지 제한점이 있었다. 첫째, 대상자가 김해에 국한되어 있으며, 둘째, 1학년과 2학년 사이의 연령차이가 없다는 것이다. 마지막으로 그 수가 적어서 특별히 다른 차이점을 발견할 수 없다는 것이다. 그러므로 향후에는 평균 데이터를 보여주기 위한 일정한 평가 기준이 마련되어야 할 것이며, 장애가 있는 아동의 운동 실행과 시지각과 관련된 연구가 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.