본 연구는 신체적, 발달적 변화로 인한 자아정체감의 혼란을 겪고 있는 중년여성에 대한 사진치료의 적용이 심리 치료적 측면에서 어떤 작용을 하는지를 참여여성들의 경험을 중심으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 이에 따라 사진치료 프로 그램 참여 과정에서 일어나는 인식의 변화를 가장 잘 이해할 수 있는 현상학적 연구를 진행하였다. 연구 참여자는 중 년여성으로 총 6 명이며, 자료수집은 2013년 1월부터 2014년 2월까지 진행되었다. 지오르지(Giorgi, 1997)의 현상학적 연구방법 4단계에 따른 자료 분석 결과 총 309개의 의미단위와 6개의 구성요소, 13개의 하위구성요소를 도출하였다. 연구결과 중년기 여성들에게 사진치료 프로그램의 경험은 사진을 매개로 하여 자신의 방어기제를 자연스럽게 해소 하고 사진에 투사된 자신의 무의식을 알아차리며, 자신의 이미지를 직면하는 과정을 통해 중년기의 변화를 포함한 자신의 삶을 수용하여 보다 유연한 태도로 관계와 일상을 영위하게 되었음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 사진은 잠재적인 현 실을 재현하는 유용한 도구로서 욕구를 명료화하여 생활에서의 보다 빠른 선택과 실행으로 이어지도록 도움을 주었 음이 보고되었다. 이와 같이, 사진치료는 사진이라는 매체의 독특한 특성으로 인해 중년기 여성들의 자아정체감의 혼란을 보다 빨리 해소하고 향후 삶을 계획하는 데에 도움을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

일반적으로 여성은 남성에 비해 온라인 커뮤니티 이용과 온·오프라인 정치참여 정도가 적 은 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 이 연구는 20대 여성 대학(원)생들의 온라인 여성 커뮤니티 이용동기와 효과를 파악함으로써 여성의 온라인 커뮤니티 이용을 촉진하고, 정치참여를 이끌어 내기 위한 전략을 제안하고자 하였다. 구체적으로 온라인 여성 커뮤니티 효과는 지속적 커뮤니 티 이용의도와 페미니즘 성향(양성 평등에 대한 인식, 세부적 정치적 협약)으로 세분화하였다. 연구결과 여성 커뮤니티 이용동기는 ‘소통’, ‘자기표현’, ‘정보추구’, ‘여성 정체성’, ‘현실도피 및 긴장해소’등 5개로 나타났다. 여성 커뮤니티 지속적 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 변인은 정보 추구 동기, 현실도피 및 긴장해소 동기, 여성 커뮤니티 이용빈도, 태도와 인지된 행위통제 변인 으로 나타났다. 아울러 양성 평등에 대한 인식에 영향을 미치는 변인은 정보추구 동기, 여성 정 체성 동기, 태도, 인지된 행위통제 변인이었다. 세부적 정치적 협약에 영향을 미치는 변인은 소 통 동기, 자기표현 동기(-), 정보추구 동기, 여성 정체성 동기, 인지된 행위통제 변인으로 나타 났다. 본 연구는 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 20대 여성이 지속적으로 온라인 커뮤니티를 이용할 수 있도록 하는 캠페인 전략과 여성 정치인식 또는 여성 정치참여를 이끌어 내기 위한 캠페인 전략을 제안하였다.

본 논문은 아일랜드 현대극에서 볼 수 있는 여성 재현의 문제를 그레고리 부인, 앤 데브린 그리고 남성 극작가인 스튜어트 파커의 작품 읽기를 통해 살펴보고, 그것의 의미를 다루고 있다. 20세기 아일랜드 연극은 여성과 젠더 문제에 있어 흥미롭고 논쟁적인 문화적 공간이 되어 왔다. 이점에서, 하나의 이상적 수사로서 여성의 재현 문제를 따져보는 것은 아일랜드 문화를 이해하는 데 있어 중요한 의미를 지니고 있다. 논문의 학술적 의의는 아일랜드 연극에 담긴 여성의 목소리, 말 그리고 몸을 해석하고 의미를 드러내 보이는 하나의 방법론을 제공하는데 있다.

The objective of this study was to take a closer look at the clothing benefits sought by breast cancer survivors in Korea. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted, using the focus group interview. Data was collected from members of online breast cancer forum. 18 participants were breast cancer survivors who had mastectomy or lumpectomy in their 30s~50s. The data was analyzed using content analysis in order to identify significant themes. The analysis indicated that benefits were sought after functional/comfort, health, feminity, and compensation were found. First, breast cancer survivors considered functional/comfort to be most important benefit so as to keep the body comfortable from the weather. Second, participants put the healthy body as the first priority and chose a well-being lifestyle and were likely to wear clothes made in healthy fabric, such as organic, bamboo or charcoal. Also, they preferred to look active by wearing sport brands or outdoorwear brands. Third, after the surgery, they experienced the sense of femininity loss and the sense of crisis as a woman. Single women and married women in early 30s recognized more seriously, and they tried to recover feminity by wearing clothes with feminine details. Forth, breast cancer survivor consumers tended to shop for the psychological compensation. In summary, consumers with breast cancer surgery, unlike general healthy women, did not sought to be economic, fashion, self-expression benefits, rather they sought health, femininity, and compensation benefits. Therefore, it seems necessary to develop proper products and marketing strategy to meet the said consumer's special needs.

영국의 의회혁명 기간 중에 분리주의자의 한 갈래로 나온 퀘이커리즘은 사제나 종교적 의식을 거부하고 여성의 발언을 허용했던 급진적 종파였다. 퀘이커들이 신봉한 내면의 빛은 그리스도로부터 나온 것으로 여겼기에, 교회에서 여성의 발언 역시 내면의 빛에 기초한 예언으로 간주되었다. 이 논문은 퀘이커리즘의 초창기에 쓰여진 여성들의 소책자를 중심으로 여성의 발언권에 대한 옹호를 살펴보고자 한다. 소책자들은 퀘이커리즘에 반대하는 이들에게 자신들의 교리의 정당함을 알리는 동시에 여성들의 발언권에 대한 옹호를 펴고 있다. 소책자는 공통적으로 여성의 발언을 옹호하기 위해 자신을 예언자의 위치에 놓으며, 성경의 구절을 들어 교회의 관습으로 내려온 여성에 대한 침묵의 강요를 반박한다. 발언권에서 남녀의 차별을 없애는 데 주력한 나머지 개인으로서의 여성의 고유한 목소리를 부각시키지 못했다는 문제점은 지적할 수 있으나, 퀘이커 여성들의 소책자는 남성의 전유물로 여겨졌던 문학에서 여성 작가의 활동이 시작되던 17세기의 상황과 궤를 같이 하여 다루어볼 가치가 있다.

Female gamers are generally increasing all over the world. Accordingly, e-sports field also intensively focuses on female gamers. This paper focuses on the process of identity formation of female gamers shown in Korean e-sports leagues especially on online games. Online game is delivered to the public by e-sports broadcasting. E-sports broadcasting is spoken of a one-way speech, which only has the voice of male castor. This paper classified the way of speaking of female gamers into two types. One is broadcasting method and the other is broadcasting language. Then this paper compared the discourses shown in them to the cases of male gamers. In the case of male gamers, inherent elements of the game primarily took the major part of the discourse. However, in the case of female gamers, socially acceptable speech about women primarily took the major part of the discourse. As the result, in e-sports online broadcasting, the male gamers are viewed in terms of ‘player’ while female gamers are viewed in terms of ‘person’. Considering online games as having alternative values and possibilities as new media, the aspect of distortion or alienation of women in game culture is obviously problematic.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate dietary habit and nutritional status by household income in female adults, using data from the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007~2009). Subjects were 8,356 women over the age of 20 years. The subjects were classified into 4 groups by household income level. Dietary data from 24 hr recall methods were used to analyze nutritional status. The obesity rate of the low income group was significantly higher than the rates of other income groups. Additionally, the nutritional status of the low income group was worse than those of other groups. The percentage of carbohydrate in total energy intake was higher and food security status was lower in the low income group than in other groups. Awareness and adherence to dietary guidelines were also lower in the low income group. Adherence to a dietary guideline of ‘avoiding salty foods and trying to eat foods with bland taste’ and ‘eating a variety of foods from each food group’ were lower than those of other groups. However, the frequency of skipping breakfast among the low income group was lower than that of others. Therefore, this study suggested that low income women should decrease the percentage of carbohydrate in total energy intake and adhere to dietary guidelines, especially those of avoiding salty foods and eating a variety of food groups, in order to improve their nutritional status.

In this study we included 298 working women in Kangwon province to investigate the life style and eating habits related to constipation. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to Roman II criteria as follows : normal, mild constipation and constipation groups. For the result, 48.4%, 42.7%, 27.2% and 28.6% of the subjects had constipation in the order of 20's, 30's, 40's, and 50's, respectively. Constipation group had low frequency of bowel movement per week and irregular visit to toilet compared to normal and mild constipation groups. There were higher percentage of people with reading habit while sitting on a toilet, in the constipation group compare to other groups. Constipation groups had difficulty having bowel movement when sleeping outside of their home. There was a significant difference in water consumption per day among the 3 groups. But there was no significant difference in the amount of meals consumed and the number of meals with snacks per day. For the food frequency, there was lower frequency of yogurt and vegetables consumption in the constipation group. But there was no difference in how to eat fruits. From these results, we concluded that in order to treat the constipation, it is recommended to take enough water and dietary fiber, and to have physical activities for the working women.

The purpose of this study was to find whether hemline cycles exist and whether hemlines show greater within-year variability over time. Utilizing US Vogue data from 1950 to 2013 on hemline length of women's daywear, total 2102 day-dresses or skirts on full fashion pictures were analyzed. The skirt length was divided by the total length of figure in the picture which was measured from shoulder to ankle. Aggregated yearly means smoothed by means of three-point moving averages were used to provide a better indication of the long-term direction of movement of the hemline. Within-year hemline variability was smoothed by the way of three-point moving average as well. The data showed five cycles on hemline change processes. The first cycle took 21 years from 1950 to 1971, which was the longest period and had the biggest hemline changes. The second cycle was the shortest from 1971 to 1977, in which hemline moved between below-knee length and midcalf. The hemline in the third cycle moved between midcalf and miniskirt. The third cycle took 16 years from 1977 to 1993. The forth was a short cycle from 1998 to 2001, and hemlines moved moderately between below-knee length and above-knee length. The fifth cycle has been on going since 2001, and the hemline has been getting longer after 2007. The within-year variability of hemlines was bigger in 1980s than previous years and was steadily increased.

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing sales of health functional foods by door-to-door saleswomen. A total of 450 women who worked as door-to-door salespersons in Seoul were enrolled. The survey questionnaire was composed of five parts as follows: general characteristics, factors related with door-to-door sales process, task education, competency required for door-to-door salespersons, and customer relationship beliefs. The survey was conducted in October 2011. Finally, data on 302 subjects were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 17.0 package program. Reason for sales of health functional foods (p<0.01), time required for sales promotion (p<0.001), difficulties during sales of health functional foods (p<0.05), satisfaction of task education (p<0.01), and failure of salesperson's memory as problems of task education (p<0.01) were significantly associated with sales of health functional foods. However, means of sales promotion, frequency and time of task education, and competency required for door-to-door salespersons were not significantly related with sales of health functional foods. Customer relationship beliefs did not show significant association with sales of health functional foods either. In conclusion, certain factors were associated with sales of health functional foods by door-to-door saleswomen. These results provide an understanding for sales of door-to-door health functional foods and provide basic information for preparation of task education for health functional food saleswomen and marketing.

This study intended to identify the relationship between textile print designs for local apparel, and fashion trends. This was achieved by extracting trend key words and analyzing apparel textiles. The fashion trends and print trends from the 2010S/S season to the 2013F/W season as projected by two trend forecasters, the Samsung Fashion Institute and First View Korea, were extracted for a comparative analysis. In terms of clothing patterns, a total of 1,582 print designs purchased by local apparel brands targeting women in their 20s and 30s from print design companies including Italy's NEWAGE, MyDesign and England's Pattern, were analyzed. After classifying the designs according to the trend key words which had been extracted, the demands by season, trend dependency, and design preferences were analyzed to produce the following results. The major key words for textile print designs from the 2010S/S season to the 2013F/W season were Check & Stripe, Flower, Geometric, Natural, Ethnic, and Graphical. Patterns corresponding to those design key words were more prominent in recent designs. Considering the trends by season, the designs presented in the F/W season were found to be more likely to correspond to the trend key words than those in the S/S season. A general preference for nature-inspired designs was also found in the local print market.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of homocysteine and antioxidant nutrients with obesity in Korean middle aged women. The study subjects included were middle-aged obese women (n=36) whose body mass index (BMI) was greater than 25 kg/m2. A total of 36 participants were randomly divided into two groups. They were assigned to either the Nutritional Management and Exercise (NME) program or the Exercise Management (EM) program, which were both conducted for 3 months. We measured serum homocysteine, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels of the participant. We also measured the dietary intakes of antioxidant nutrient, cholesterol, body weight, body mass index, blood pressure, and VO2. At the end of both programs, please confirm this change. It was unclear when these measurements were shown to have decreased. The body weight and BMI of NME group were decreased compared to those of EM group. The serum total cholesterol levels of the participants in NME group were significantly decreased, in contrast to EM group. Also, serum homocysteine levels of NME group participants were decreased compared to EM group, but the difference was not statistically significant. In the NME group, there were significant differences in the change of dietary cholesterol and vitamin C intake. These results showed that participating NME program will continuously promote the healthy status of the middle aged obese women, compared to participating only in the EM program.

현대의학의 발달과 생활수준의 향상으로 인해 급격한 고령화가 야기되어지고 있고 현대사회구조의 변화로 인해 다문화가정이 급증하고 있다. 이러한 현상은 한국사회에 이제까지 없었던 새로운 형태의 가정형태가 형성되고 있음을 의미하는데 새로운 가족 관계 중 특히 시부모와 며느리의 관계는 그 관계지속기간이 더 길어지고 있다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 외국인 며느리를 둔 여성노인들이 최대한 행복과 만족을 느끼면서 살아가기 위한 삶의 질에 관한 연구를 하여 관련 문제와 욕구를 파악하고 적절한 사회복지서비스를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.

This study aimed to investigate the perception, consumption, and acceptability of convenience mealsin low-income female elderly attending a lunch program at a community well fare center. Using in-depth interviews, qualitative data were collected 11 elderly females (62.5±11.2y) living in Seoul. Participants tried to eat various foods in small-portionsat home, although they ate out what they were offered. Elderly females preferred lunch box-type meals containing a bowl of rice served with toppings, gruel, or Bibimbop due to the growing unavailability of cooking or preparing a meal. Side-dish type convenience mealswere also preferred among elderly females since boiled rice can be easily prepared according to individual preferences. In addition, participants preferred healthy foods. Convenience meal planning and production, appropriate kinds of foods, cooking methods, menus, and packaging should be selected based on the elderly's functional atrophy in chewing, swallowing,digestion, and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, food preferences and comfort foods among the elderlyneed to be identified and characterized. Therefore, more information, including bite size, cutting size, and food texture, should be provided to understand and develop convenience meals for the elderly.

本论文主要以韩中日古代文学作品中出现的女性自杀现象为主题，分析 了女性决心自杀的动机、展开、以及结果。本文以弗洛伊德(Sigmund Freud)精神分析理论中的人类三种意识, 描述了古代韩中日文学作品中女性 自杀行为: 一, 本我型(Id)，自我型(Ego)，超我型(Super- Ego）。通过这 三种类型, 对女性的自杀行为进行了分析, 并对其内心反应出的社会的认识 和当时的女性观进行了剖析。 我们发现，三个国家古代文学中女性自杀的行为有以下共同点。三国古 代女性在‘女性自杀’的展开过程中, 如以社会共同认同的儒家伦理道德‘孝’ 和 ‘烈’为动机，就得到全社会的肯定和支持，而且受了佛教的‘轮回转生’、‘因果 报应’的观念，通过‘自杀行为’寄托她们的梦想和理想。 但是，因三个国家文化背景的不同，也存在一些差异性。韩国和中国， 特别到了明朝，李朝时期甚至带有国家鼓励‘女性自杀’的色彩。不同于中国 和韩国，日本尚死的文化又形成了日本人独特的生死观。而日本人独特的生 死观又促成了女性自杀情节。 结果，儒道佛家为思想背景的男尊女卑的韩中日旧社会里，以社会认同 的伦理动机为出口, ‘自杀行为’给女性留下了个人自由权利的余地，同时成 为唯一女性自已选择的权利。

본 논문은 예이츠 시 속의 모드 곤, 마키에비치 백작 같은 여성민족주의자들의 모습을 다룬다. 영국의 지배에서 독립하기 위해 저항하는 민족주의자 모드곤은 예이츠가 사랑했고 수차 청혼하여 뜻을 이루지 못한 여인이다. 그녀는 예이츠의 시에서 중요한 인물이며, 본 논문은 아일랜드의 정치를 다른 시를 논한다. 또 한 명의 민족주의자 마키에비치 백작은 아일랜드 국회에 최초 여성 국회의원이 되었고, 그녀도 아일랜드 독립을 위해 투쟁했다. 예이츠는 그녀의 적극적인 정치 참여가 나타나는 시를 썼다.

Recently, because of the development for online and mobile technology, the participation of female gamer has increased steadily. However, despite games for female are emerged and female gamer are increased, studying for considering the difference between gender is very rare. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify characteristics related to female's game play. And it is contribute to establish effective strategy for attracting female gamer. Based on the literatures about involvement for the game, this study also investigates characteristics which influence the involvement of game. The results can be summarized as follow. First, the characteristics of operational ease is not affecting involvement of game to both male and female gamers. Second, the game's characters and graphics, customized characteristic, scenarios, and social interaction are influenced the involvement of game to both male and female gamers. Third, while in female gamers, the game's characters and graphics customizing, social interaction are influenced to involvement in order, in male gamers, social interaction, characters and graphic, customizing are affected to involvement.