2004년 5월 29일부터 2004년 11월 6일까지 4회에 걸쳐 원주천의 섭식기능군을 이용해 군집분석을 하였다. 조사기간동안 출현한 수서곤충은 총 8목 37과 62속 92종이었으며, 원주천의 현존량과 동태는 지점 7, 9를 제외하고 양호하였다. 원주천의 섭식기능군(FFG)을 알아본 결과 본류는지점 1에서 9로 갈수록 써는무리(shredders)와 긁어먹는무리(scrapers)가 점차적으로 점유율이 낮아지고 주워먹는무리(collectors-gathering)와 걸러먹는무리(collectors-flitering)가 현저하게 증가하였다. 지점 2는 다른 지류지점에 비해 긁어먹는무리와 써는무리가 다소 높은 비율을 나타내어 산간계류의 특성을 가지고 있었다. 원주천의 각 지점별 유사도분석(UPGMA)을 한 결과 최상류수역을 보이는 지점 1, 2와 중류역의 특성을 보이는 지점 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 그리고 최하류역으로 보이는 지점 9 등, 3개의 그룹으로 나뉘었다.

This study was carried out to make functional laver added with sericulture powder which have a effect of prevention adult diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertention, and obesity. In our lab. a lot of study have been performed about functional effect of sericulture(mulberry leaf, silkpeptide and silkworm) for examples decrease of serum cholesterol, triacylglyceride and control of serum glucose in rat. sericulture powder was prepared by pulverizing freeze-dried. Functional laver samples were prepared, and the sensory evaluation quality, physical characteristics and mineral contents of those were compared. In case of overal quality of sensory evaluation, silkpeptide powder laver was lower than other samples. The content of moisture of functional laver added with sericulture powder samples(control, sample 1, 2, 3) were 0.30, 0.98, 0.24 and 0.28%, respectively. The content of crude protein of functional laver added with sericulture powder samples were 40.50, 44.10, 56.75, and 62.50%, respectively. The content of crude fat of functional laver added with sericulture powder samples were 4.00, 4.10, 4.00 and 4.40%, respectively. The content of ash of functional Laver added with sericulture powder samples were 7.07, 7.53, 7.60 and 7.27%, respectively. The content of calcium of functional laver added with sericulture powder samples were 219, 253, 224 and 229mg/100g, respectively. The content of potassium of functional laver added with sericulture powder samples were 1879, 1919, 1890 and 1907mg/l00g, respectively. The content of iron of functional laver added with sericulture powder samples were 18.03, 18.23, 18.46 and 18.53mg/100g, respectively. The content of zinc of functional laver added with sericulture powder samples were 1.86, 4.47, 4.57 and 5.64mg/100g, respectively. The content of manganese of functional laver added with sericulture powder samples were 4.50, 8.50, 7.00 and 6.00 mg/100g, respectively. It was concluded that this functional laver added with sericulture powder is low calorie, high protein and high mineral health food which have a preventive effect of adult disease.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on a visual analysis scale and functional visual analysis scale regarding functional capacity. A total of 7 consecutive patients with the complaint of patellofemoral pain syndrome who received this diagnosis from a sports medicine physician were recruited to assess the effect of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Functional Visual Analog Scale (FVAS), functional capacity patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. The exercise rehabilitation consisted of a complex training program requiring five treatments a week for eight weeks. The training program consisted of four phases, and each lasted for two weeks. Statistical analyses were one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The results were as follows: (1) There were significant differences in the VAS and FVAS during 8-weeks of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (p<.01). (2) There were no significant differences in the functional capacity during 8-weeks of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (p<.05). In conclusion, at the end of the eight weeks of this rehabilitation program and neuromuscular electrical stimulation, a significant reduction was found in VAS and FVAS, but there was no significant difference in functional capacity at the end of the treatment.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of three different pelvic tilts on a sit-to-stand (STS) and to suggest a new assessment approach based on biomechanical analysis. The three difrent pelvic tilts were: (1) comfortable pelvic tilt sit-to-stand (CPT STS), (2) posterior pelvic tilt sit-to-stand (PPT STS) and (3) anterior pelvic tilt sit-to-stand (APT STS). To determine the onset time of muscle contraction surface electrodes were applied to the rectus femoris muscle (RF), vastus lateralis muscle (VL), biceps femoris muscle (BF), tibialis anterior muscle (TA), gastrocnemius muscle (GCM), and soleus muscle (SOL). The ICC was used for functional linkage analysis. The findings of this study were as follows. First, significant differences were found in kinematic variables and in muscle activation pattern among the three activities. Second, the results of functional integrated analysis revealed that recruited muscle activation patterns changed when the thigh-off was viewed as a reference point. Third, there were independent functional units between the thigh-off and the VL and between the thigh-off and the RF in the functional linkage analysis. The VL and RF acted as prime mover muscles, and more postural adjustment muscle recruitment was required as the demand of postural muscle control increased (PPT STS, APT STS, and CPT STS in order). In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest the following evaluative and therapeutic approach for STS activity. APT STS can be introduced for movement efficiency and functional advantage when abnormal STS is treated. However, excessive APT would change the muscle activation patterns of BF and SOL and require additional postural muscle control to cause abnormal control patterns.

The purpose of this research is to study suitability of a sweeper as a new occupation fitting to the character of the people with the mental retardation. Analysis of job which is necessary to perform the sweeper has been conducted. This research also studied the suitability of the occupation to the individuals with different impairments of physical, sensory function, cognitive function and emotional behavior based on the study of 5 individual participants. Conclusion is as follows. 1. The office building maintenance(sweeper) is an occupation which demands muscular strength of gross motor. Visual perception about a space and an object is mainly needed and the most important facts in the cognitive function are an idea of time, sequence, direction, topographic orientation, & memory. 2. Based on analysis of 5 different individuals who have different functional impairments shows that deteriorated muscular strength (compare to non-disabled person) didn’t affect the job. On the contrary, visual perception and emotional behavior problems are two biggest challenges to the occupation. 3. Not requiring dexterity of hands movement as in the manufacturing industry and broad acting radius, those two facts made a sweeper a suitable occupation for the people with mental retardation who lack dexterity in acting and concentration. Based on the research, a sweeper is a suitable occupation fitting to the character of the people with mental retarcation and it is therefore need to generalize the result of the research by conducting a follow-up research with more participants.

반복은 언어의 일반적인 현상으로 대체로 비효율적, 잉여적인 존재로 취급되기 쉽다. 이에 학자들은 반복이 의미 있는 기능을 가지고 있음을 밝혔고, 더 다양한 환경에서의 반복의 기능에 관하여 과제로 남겼다. 이 연구에서는 반복의 기능을 교수전략, 학습전략, 의사소통전략으로 나누려는 시도를 하였다. 이를 위해 실제 교수학습이 일어나는 교실 이라는 환경 내에서 발생하는 대화를 녹음, 전사, 분석하였고, 초급교 실에서 발생한 반복의 기능을 교수전략, 학습전략, 의사소통전략으로 구분해 보았다. 그 결과 실제 초급한국어 교실에서 나타난 반복은 지시, 입력, 오류 지적이 교수전략으로 사용되었고, 발화내용부정, 자기수정, 시간벌기, 따라하기, 연습(내재화)는 학습전략으로, 구체화 요구, 발화유도, 강조, 확인, 맞장구, 타인수정, 동감, 동의는 의사소통전략으로 사용되었다.

본 연구에서는 가교 분자를 사용하여 0.7 kPa에서 17.7 kPa까지 다양한 강도를 갖는 콜라겐 겔을 성공적으로 제조하였다. 가교된 콜라겐 겔에 다공성 기공을 도입하고 진피세포를 내부에 담지하여, 겔 강도에 따른 세포 성장 및 거동을 확인하였다. 상대적으로 강도가 높은 겔에서 진피세포의 프로콜라겐 생합성이 47 ng에서 32 ng까지 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 이렇게 제조된 인공피부 진피에 아데노신을 처리하였을 때, 특정 강도를 갖는 콜라겐 겔에서 프로콜라겐 생합성이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 반면에 기능성 펩타이드를 처리하였을 때 는 프로콜라겐 생합성이 콜라겐 겔의 강도에 크게 영향을 받지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 강도가 제어된 인공피부 제조 및 응용, 나아가 다양한 조직공학 분야의 기반 기술로 활용 가능하리라 기대된다.

Backgoound : Various varieties of Schisandra chinensis (Omija) are grown in various regions of Korea. However, there is no study on varieties with excellent efficacy for each variety. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to select the excellent lineage by analyzing the active compounds of Omija collection species Methods and Results : 154 lineage of Omija was collected from Muju of Jeollabuk-do, Jangsu of Jeollabuk-do and Hoengseong of Gangwon-do. They were cultivated in test-research farm in Rural Development Administration at Eumseong of Chungcheongbuk-do and used as materials. In order to analyze the active compounds (Shizandrin A, Shizandrin C, Gomisin A, Gomisin N) in Omija, the HPLC method described in the Korean Pharmacopoeia (compounds of Omija indicator) was used. As a result of analysis of functional compounds, SC-003, SC-005, SC-013, SC-015, SC-019, SC-020, SC-022, SC-023, SC-040, SC-042, SC-045, SC-066, SC-069 and SC-072 were collected from Jangsu, Jeollabuk-do, SC-082 was collected from Hoengseong, Gangwon-do and SC-139 was collected from Muju, Jeollabuk-do showed higher contents of functional compounds than other collected species. Conclusion : As demand for high income crop has increased, new cultivar breeding is required to produce high quality Schisandra chinensis (Omija). In this study, Shisandra A, Shizandrin C, Gomisin A and Gomisin N were analyzed as functional compounds of Omija. They can be used for new Omija breeding. Especially SC-003, SC-019, SC-022, SC-040, SC-045, SC-069 and SC-082 can be superior lineags with high functional compound contents.

기능성 스크린이 부착된 집수관의 정량적인 취수량을 분석하고, 여과 재료를 통한 부유물질 및 탁도의 개선효과를 알아보기 위해 네 단계의 연구 방법을 제시하였다. 첫 번째 단계에서는 소규모의 실험장치를 구성하여 실증 플랜트 여과 재료의 구성 방법을 결정하였고, 두 번째 단계에서는 견 본 장치를 구성하여 기능성 스크린이 장착된 집수관을 통해 유량 값을 측정하였다. 세 번째 단계에서는 각각의 여과 재료에 대해서 탁도의 상태를 달리하여 유량을 측정하고, MODFLOW를 이용하여 투수계수를 추정하였다. 마지막으로 견본 장치를 MODFLOW로 수치모델을 구성하여 세 번 째 단계에서 추정된 투수계수를 각각 적용하고 취수량을 분석하였다. 0 NTU일 때 추정된 투수계수 적용 결과 실제 관측 유량에 비해 모델링 결과 는 39.96% 높게 나타났다. 이에 비해 100~120 NTU일 때 추정된 투수계수 적용 결과 유량의 차이는 9.41% 높게 나타났다.

이 연구는 유기농 수수의 곡물과 새싹채소의 주요 기능성 성분인 항산화성분 및 항산화 활성, 일반성분을 알아봄으로써, 수수의 유기농 농산물로써의 다양한 활용방안에 대한 기초 자료로 알아보고자 실시하였다. 수수의 유광 새싹채소는 종자에 비해 조단백질 함량이 2.5배 증가한 것으로 나타났으며, 무기성분에서도 새싹채소에서 1.6~9.87배의 높은 것으로 나타났 다. 항산화 성분 중 총 polyphenol 함량은 유광 새싹채소에서 평균 4,135 mg GAE g-1으로 높 았으나, flavonoid 함량은 종자에서 평균 3.86 mg GAE g-1으로 함유량이 높은 것으로 조사되 었다. ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 종자에서 평균 15.78 mg TE g-1으로 높게 나타났으며, 유광 새싹채소와 무광 새싹채소에서는 평균간 차이는 나타나지 않았다. DPPH 라디칼 소거활성에 서는 종자에서 평균 15.79 mg TE g-1으로 새싹채소에 비해 11배 이상의 높은 활성이 나타났 다. 특히, ‘동안메’는 황금찰, 남풍찰 및 소담찰에 비해 종자와 새싹채소에서 가장 높은 활성 이 나타내었다. 항산화성분 및 항산화활성은 품종과는 유의성이 없었으나, 광처리와는 매우 높은 유의성을 보였다. 따라서 유기농 항산화 식품 및 천연 항산화제 공급원의 이용시 종자 (‘동안메’)를 이용하는 것이 좋은 것으로 생각된다. 그리고 수수 새싹채소의 영양학적인 유 기농 식품으로써의 이용에 대한 추가연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Background : In order to develop new cultivar of hybrid kiwifruit with cold tolerance, high useful components and high quality fruit, we have been crossed ‘Hayward’ (Actinidia deliciosa) with A. arguta. The new hybrid kiwifruit cultivars were 'DM', 'HO', and 'JW'. Actinidia arguta, called hardy kiwifruit, has an edible smooth skin and contains high amounts of sugar and vitamin C. It is native to north China, Korea, and Japan. A. deliciosa are known as kiwifruit and originated in Southwest China. The fruit of A. deliciosa appreciated for its sweet, slightly acidic flesh and high nutritional value, especially due its high content in vitamin C like A. arguta. The cultivar ‘Hayward’ of A. deliciosa occupies the majority of the world kiwifruit cultivated surface, and is the cultivar commercially produced in Korea. However, the kiwifruit producing areas are limited to warm climates region, it can be cultivated in the southern parts of Korea. In our research, several hybrids have been developed to enhance cold tolerance by crossing ‘Hayward’ with domestic species. Methods and Results : In our research, several hybrids have been developed to enhance cold tolerance by crossing ‘Hayward’ with domestic species. Freeze dried the fruit of hybrid kiwifruit was finely ground, extracted twice with methanol (MeOH). The crude extracts of the fruit was analyzed with HPLC for vitamin C and β-carotene analysis. Conclusion : Moisture and carbohydrate contents of hardy kiwi fruit in this study varied from 81.40 - 83.57% and 14.63 - 16.90 g/100 g, respectively. Among new cultivars, JW had higher fat(0.17 g/100 g) and protein(1.33 g/100 g) contents than others. The highest vitamin C and β-carotene content of hardy kiwi fruit were 120.70 ㎎/ 100 g, 0.14 ㎎/kg, respectively in DM.

Background : The study about cultured wild ginseng root (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) have been reported mainly ginsenosides in saponins family. However metabolites of fermented wild ginseng roots by microorganisms was not reported yet. Methods and Results : Cultured wild ginseng roots were used for fermentation of ginseng roots using Pediococcus pentosaceus and other bacterial strains. We analyzed different types of ginsenoside contents, metabolite and enzyme contents, and gene expression by using microorganisms. Results showed considerable differences in ginseonoside contents specially Rk1 and Rg5. The highest enzyme activity level was by Glutathione reductase (GR) and Glutathione S transferase (GST) in fermented ginseng roots than control (non-fermented), whereas Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Peroxidase (POD) contents were reduced. Score plots and loading plots of principal components 1 of the PCA result obtained from the data on 43 metabolites in fermented wild ginseng root of five conditions. The concentration of metabolite such as β-alanin and 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is used to improve memory were increased in fermented ginseng roots than control. We found functional gene in wild ginseng root related with metabolic process. The APX gene expression gradually increased in fermented ginseng root with respect to fermentation times. Conclusion : In this study, accumulation of functional metabolite in cultured ginseng r

This study identified the effect of changes in the riverbed on the benthic macroinvertebrate communities. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected from the surveyed sites belonged to 119 species, 65 families, 20 orders, and 7 classes in 4 phyla. The number of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (E.P.T) species was 42, 10, and 8, respectively, in the tributary, confluence, and Nakdong River sites. Lotic species (Hydropsychidae) showed a high density at the tributary sites, whereas lentic species (Chironomidae) showed a high density at the confluence and Nakdong River sites. Community analysis showed that the Dominance Index (DI) was 0.54 in tributary sites, and dominance indices increased closer to the Nakdong River sites. The diversity index (H’) was inversely proportional to DI. The ratio of Burrowers species (BU) at the surveyed sites increased closer to the Nakdong River sites. Analysis of common species showed 37 species (34.6%) between the tributary and confluence sites and 66 species (51.5%) between the confluence and Nakdong River sites.

Little attention has been paid to the functional aspect of the flower petal of Paeonia lactiflora, compared to that of its root. To determine the components of flower petal of Paeonia lactiflora, we conducted the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) MASS spectrophotometric analysis. We detected the 24 different types of ingredients from the 70% ethanol extracts of flower petal of peonia lactiflora cv. ‘Red Charm’. The main compounds were quercetin glucopyranosides, methyl gallate, paonioflolol and kaemperol glucopyranosides. We further tested its functional activity. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the extracts was 87.9-90.4% at 0.1mg/ml. This result showed that these flower extracts have approximately 5-fold stronger antioxidant potential than a previous report with root extracts (Bang et al. 1999). The result of tyrosinase inhibition assay of Paeonia lactflora extract was almost similar to that of arbutin except significantly higher effect in the coral sunset extract at 0.1% concentration. Hyaluronidase inhibition assay showed 76.5% inhibition at 5% concentration of this flower extract, indicating that Peaonia lactiflora flower extracts have the major anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and brightening effects. Taken together, these results suggest these three Paeonia lactiflora species extracts might provide the basis to develop a new natural brightening agent.