우량수도품종육성(優良水稻品種育成)을 위(爲)한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻고자 입(粒)의 크기가 서로 다른 벼 7개품종(個品種)을 이면교잡(二面交雜)하여 미립(米粒)의 크기와 모양에 대(對)해 잡종강세(雜種强勢), 조합능력(組合能力) 및 유전분석(遺傳分析)을 실시(實施)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 평균(平均) heterosis는 입장(粒長)과 장/폭비(長/幅比)에서 부(負)의 방향(方向)으로 유의(有意)하였고, 입폭(粒幅), 입후(粒厚), 입중(粒重)에서는 유의성(有意性)이 없었다. 2. 전형질(全形質)에서 일반조합능력(一般組合能力), 특정조합능력(特定組合能力) 및 정역교잡효과(正逆交雜效果)가 유의(有意)하였고, 입장(粒長), 입폭(粒幅), 입후(粒厚), 입중(粒重)에서는 상가적(相加的) 유전분산(遺傳分散)이 비상가적(非相加的) 유전분산(遺傳分散)보다 컸다. 3. 일반조합능력효과(一般組合能力效果)는 입(粒)의 크기와 입중(粒重)에서 Arborio와 BG2 등(等) 대립종(大粒種)이 정(正)의 방향(方向)으로, 장/폭비(長/幅比)에서는 BG2와 낙동(洛東)벼가 단원방향(短圓方向)으로 유의(有意)한 효과(效果)를 나타내었다. 4. 전형질(全形質)에서 부분우성(部分優性)을 나타내었으며, 우성(優性)의 방향(方向)은 입장(粒長), 입폭(粒幅), 장/폭비(長/幅比)에서 부(負)의 우성(優性)이었고 입후(粒厚)와 입중(粒重)에서는 일정(一定)하지 않았다. 5. 유효유전자수(有效遺傳子數)는 입장(粒長)과 장/폭비(長/幅比)에서 2개정도(個程度)로 추정(推定)되었고 협의(狹義)와 광의(廣義)의 유전력(遺傳力)은 전형질(全形質)에서 매우 높게 나타났다.

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 mouse의 육종(育種) 개량(改良)에 필요(必要)한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻기 위하여 mouse 4계통(系統) (BALB/c, CBA, C3H, C57-BL)을 양면교잡(兩面交雜)시켜 생산(生産)된 362두(頭)를 공시(供試)하여 평균능력(平均能力), 잡종강세(雜種强勢), 유전변이(遺傳變異) 등(等)을 추정(推定)한 것이다. 공시(供試)된 mouse는 1984년(年) 11월(月)부터 1985년(年) 2월(月)까지 4개월간(個月間) 경북대학교(慶北大學校) 농과대학(農科大學) 부속동물사육장(附屬動物飼育場)에서 사육(飼育)되었으며, 산자수(産仔數), 성비(性比), 생시체중 및 21일령(日齡) 체중과 이유율(離乳率) 등(等)을 조사(調査)하였고 각(各) 형질(形質)에 대(對)한 유전분석(遺傳分析)은 Hayman(1954a, 1954b)의 모형(模型)을 이용(利用)하여 유전변이(遺傳變異)를 추정(推定)하였는데 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 평균능력(平均能力)에 있어서 산자수(産仔數)는 7.54두(頭), 생시(生時) 체중은 1.55g, 21 일령(日齡), 체중은 10.45g, 성비(性比)는 수컷이 53.2%로 많았으며, 전체 이유율(離乳率)은 94.13%로 나타났다. 2. 잡종강세(雜種强勢)의 크기는 산자수(産仔數)에서 6.97%, 생시(生時) 체중에서 6.08% 및 21 일령((日齡) 체중에서는 3.54%로, 성비(性比)는 7.26% 그리고 이유율(離乳率)에서는 2.05%로 나타났다. 3. 산자수(産仔數), 성비(性比), 생시(生時) 체중, 이유시(離乳時) 체중 및 이유율(離乳率) 등(等)의 형질(形質)에 있어서 상가적(相加的) 유전자(遺傳子)의 효과(效果)는 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 우성(優性) 효과(效果)는 산자수(産仔數)와 이유시(離乳時) 체중에서만 나타났는데 산자수(産仔數)에서는 각(各) 교배조합(交配組合)에 따른 우성효과(優性效果)였고 이유시(離乳時) 체중에 있어서는 parental 계통(系統)의 평균(平均) 우성효과(優性效果)였다. 모체효과(母體效果)는 생시(生時) 체중과 이유시(離乳時) 체중에서만 나타났고, 이유시(離乳時) 체중에 있어서는 상반교잡(相反交雜) 효과(效果)도 인정(認定)되었다.

본 연구에서는 국내 콩 유전체의 변이밀집영역(dVB)에서 유 래한 27개 InDel 마커를 신품종 20개에 적용하여 품종판별용 마커로서 범용성을 검증하고 신품종의 구별성과 국내 품종의 유전적 다양성을 확인하였다. 20개 신품종과 MyCrops에 포함된 기존 149개 품종과의 유사도는 평균 61.3%이고, 최저 25.9%에서 최대 96.3%의 유사도로 완전 일치(100%)되는 바코드는 없어 20개 신품종의 유전적 구별성을 모두 확인할 수 있었다. 유연관계를 분석한 결과에서는 신품종을 포함한 국내 169품종이 4개의 유전집단으로 구분되었으며 풋콩 및 단기성 콩의 80%가 I-2 소그룹, 나물콩의 65.9%가 II-2 소그룹에 주로 속한 반면, 장류 및 두부콩은 I-1 (44.4%), I-2 (26.4%), II-2 (23.6%) 소그룹에 고르게 분포하였다. 20개 신품종에 대한 계보도는 나물콩 주요 계보와 장류 및 두부콩으로 크게 두 그룹으로 나누어지며 유연 관계분석을 뒷받침하였다. 품종판별을 위한 최소 마커를 선발 하기 위해 PIC가 높은 공통마커와 품종별 특이마커를 선발하는 2단계 과정을 통해 품종에 따라 7~9개의 최소 마커로 신품종의 진위를 판별할 수 있었다. 이처럼 콩 변이밀집영역에서 유래된 27개 InDel 마커와 이를 이용한 신품종 바코드 정보의 지속적인 업데이트는 수입산에 대한 국산 품종의 보호와 육성가의 권리 증진에 기여하며, 더불어 육종과정 중 신규 유전변이를 도입하고 목표형질을 선발하는 등 육종 효율을 개선하는데도 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

Background : Curcumae Longae Rhizoma (薑黃) is listed in「The Korea Pharmacopoeia (K P)」as the original plant of Curcuma longa L (Zingiberaceae). Meanwhile, Zeodariae Rhizoma (莪朮) is listed in 「The Korea Pharmacopoeia (KP)」as the original plant of C. phaeocaulis, C. aromatica and C. Kwangsiensi (Zingiberaceae). Due to the morphological similarities of the dried roots of this plant to those of C. phaeocaulis, C. aromatica and C. Kwangsiensis which is used as a substitute herbal for C.longa, distinguish these four species is extremely difficult. Methods and Results : A total of 90 collected samples were used in this study, In order to clearly distinguish of Curcumae Longae Rhizoma and Zeodariae Rhizoma were analysis based on sequence of the chloroplast DNA (trnK, rbcL, trnL-F, atpB-rbcL) and nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS2). The present study aimed to analyze the percent of variable sites were provided the highest trnK (2.3%), in oder to develop a species-specific primer that can distinguish C.longa form C. phaeocaulis, C. aromatica and C. Kwangsiensis. In addition, the complete chloroplast genome of C. longa were sequenced by a 454 sequencing platform, and the structure of the obtained chloroplast genome was also analyzed. the result used that INDEL (insertion/deletion) marker for distinguish C.longa form C. phaeocaulis, C. aromatica and C. Kwangsiensis. Conclusion : The INDEL markers were developed based on the divergence of each sequence, and it is possible now to identify the four species of Curcumae Longae Rhizoma with just a single performance of PCR. This will not only prevent misused of the plant, but also to maintain the quality of the herbal medicine as well as to verify and guarantee safety for public health.

The author undertook PCR-founded genetic platform to investigate the hierarchical dendrogram of Euclidean genetic distances of one razor clam population, particularly for Solen corneus, which was further associated with those of the other clam population, by engaging with the precisely designed oligonucleotide primer sets. Seven oligonucleotides primers were used producing a total of 639 counted bands in population A and 595 in population B, respectively, ranging in size of DNA fragments from larger than approximately 50 bp to less than 1,100 bp. Their primers generated 39 specific fragments (6.10%) in population A and 47 (7.90%) in population B, respectively Comparatively, individuals of one razor clam population were fairly related to that of the other clam population, as shown in the hierarchical dendrogram of Euclidean genetic distances. The analysis of genetic variation between razor clam populations could offer important statistics for fisheries and mariculture. Generally the results showed specific and/or conserved genetic loci between razor clam populations. Specific markers established by the author will be valuable for the genetic analysis, species protection and increase of razor clam individuals in coastal region of the Korean Peninsula.

Background : The several studies on the characteristics of Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines have already been carried out the level of molecular classification analysis in Korea. In spite of where Geumsan is a representative place of Korean ginseng, Geumsan native species (breeding lines) have not yet been carry out analysis of morphological, genetic characteristics and relationship. We have plan to carry out morphological, genetic characteristics and relationship for Geumsan native species, breeding lines. Furthermore, We could be used diverse genetic resources for Ginseng breeding. Methods and Results : In this study, a total of 71 breeding lines and variety (GS97-1 - Geumwon) consisting of native ginseng collections from Geumsan was analyzed to identify for Korean ginseng variety respectively, and clustered for the selection of Geumsan native ginseng in Korea using DNA markers. We collected 71 Ginseng breeding lines from Geumsan. Analyses of the genetic characteristics of the collection were conducted for extraction gDNA using sprout. We were measured DNA concentration using QIAxpert (QIAGEN). Each DNA sample was quantified at the final DNA concentration of 5 ng/㎖ using sterilized distilled water. Korean ginseng 14 variety and 57 Ginseng breeding lines from Geumsan could be identified polymorphism using the selected 6 primer (MFGp183, MFGp130, MFGp110_E, UFGp163, MFGp108 and UFGp156). Conclusion : These finding could be used for morphological and genetic characteristics for produced native ginseng in Geumsan area. Futhermore, we could be used diverse genetic resources for Ginseng breeding.

Background: Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is wood-cultivated ginseng (WCG) in Korea which depends on an artificial forest growth method. To produce this type of ginseng, various P. ginseng cultivars can be used. To obtain a WCG similar to wild ginseng (WG), this method is usually performed in a mountain using seeds or seedlings of cultivated ginseng (CG) and WG. Recently, the WCG industry is suffering a problem in that Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen or Panax quinquefolium L. are being sold as WCG Korean market; These morphological similarities have created confusion among customers. Methods and Results: WCG samples were collected from five areas in Korea. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using the primer pair labeled with fluorescence dye (FAM, NED, PET, or VIC), fragment analysis were performed. PCR products were separated by capillary electrophoresis with an ABI 3730 DNA analyzer. From the results, WCG cultivated in Korea showed very diverse genetic background. Conclusions: In this study, we tried to develop a method to discriminate between WCG, P. notoginseng or P. quinquefolium using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Furthermore, we analyzed the genetic diversity of WCG collected from five cultivation areas in Korea.

Background: This study was conducted to acquire basic information on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the germplasm of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer collected from China and Korea, and identify the variations that can be utilized in ginseng breeding programs. Methods and Results: Quantitative parameters were evaluated, and used to compare and analyze on genetic polymorphisms in the germplasm. The genetic characteristics and classifications were compared and analyzed for each character. Stem length followed a normal frequency distribution ranging from 15.5 ㎝ to 40.5 ㎝, with showing approximately 40% having a stem length of 20 - 30 ㎜. Stem diameters ranged from 2.7 ㎜ to 11.3 ㎜. Stem number per plant ranged from 1 to 3; approximately 50% had a single stem, and 45% had two stems. A non-normal frequency distribution was observed for petiole number, with approximately 60% of the germplasm having 3 - 5 petioles. Petiole length exhibited a normal frequency distribution, raging from 4.5 to 10.6. Petiole angle in the germplasm ranged from 28° to 89° and seedstalk length ranged from 5.6 ㎝ to 27.3 ㎝. Conclusions: The genetic polymorphisms identified by complete linkage clustering based on the quantitative characteristics of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer collected from Korea and China were classified to 6 groups, namely I, II, III, IV, V, and VI with frequencies of 6.7%, 20.0%, 31.7%, 8.3%, 6.7%, and 26.7%, respectively.

The author has investigated four Manila clam populations of the family Veneridae, belonging to the order Veneroida. The clam is also indigenous to some parts of the sandy regions of the West Sea in the Korean Peninsula, as well as in several areas in China. Clams are the most popular marine products in Korea because of their taste and nutritional value, and Koreans consume them in large quantities. However, in spite of their economic and scientific consequences, a little information currently exist regarding the physiological and ecological levels only of clam species in Korea. This study attempt is to elucidate the genetic distances within and between clam populations from the West Sea. Four populations of Manila clam (R. philippinarum) were obtained in adjacent district to the West Sea in Korea. Four populations of clam muscle was collected in sterile tubes, placed on ice immediately, and stored under refrigeration until needed. Genomic DNA was extracted and purified under the conditions described previously (Yoon and Kim, 2004). The degree of variability was calculated by use of the Dice coefficient (F), which is given by the formula: F=2 nab / (na+nb), where nab is the number of bands shared between the samples a and b, na is the total number of bands for sample a and nb is the total number of bands for sample b (Jeffreys and Morton, 1987; Yoke-Kqueen and Radu, 2006). Euclidean genetic distances within- and between-species were also calculated by complete linkage method with the support of the hierarchical dendrogram program Systat version 10. The genomic DNA isolated from four Manila clams populations in the West Sea, were amplified several times by PCR reaction. The dendrogram obtained by the six oligonucleotides primers indicates three genetic clusters. The hierarchical dendrogram indicates four main branches: cluster 1 (GOCHANG 01, 02, 04 and 05), cluster 2 (SEOCHEON 06, 07, 08, 09 and 10), cluster 3 (TAEAN 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15) and cluster 4 (ANMYEON 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and GOCHANG 03). Multiple comparisons of average bandsharing values among Manila clam populations from four sections were generated according to the bandsharing values and similarity matrix. Ultimately, individuals from SEOCHEON clam population (0.637±0.227) exhibited higher bandsharing values than did individuals from GOCHANG clam population (0.402±0.115) (P<0.05).

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng) is an important medicinal tree found in northeast Asia. In this study, we analyzed the genome-wide distribution of microsatellites in E. senticosus. By sequencing 711 clones from an SSR-enriched genomic DNA library, we obtained 12 polymorphic SSR markers, which also revealed successful amplicons in E. senticosus accessions. Using the developed SSR markers, we estimated genetic diversity and population structure among 131 E. senticosus accessions in Korea and China. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 11, with an average of 7.4 alleles. The mean values of observed heterozygosity (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) were 0.59 and 0.56, respectively. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.51 in all 131 E. senticosus accessions. E. senticosus accessions in Korea and China showed a close genetic similarity. Significantly low pairwise genetic divergence was observed between the two regions, suggesting a relatively narrow level of genetic basis among E. senticosus accessions. Our results not only provide molecular tools for genetic studies in E. senticosus but are also helpful for conservation and E. senticosus breeding programs.

We collected 32 maize inbred lines from eastern cereal and oilseed research center in Canada to develop new maize varieties. We also evaluated genetic diversity, genetic relationships, and population structure using 35 SSR markers. A total of 269 alleles were revealed in 35 loci with an average of 7.69 and a range between 3 and 15 alleles per locus. The genetic diversity values varied from 0.176 to 0.889 with an average of 0.691. The polymorphic information content varied from 0.171 to 0.879 with an average of 0.659. Population structure analysis indicated that 32 Canadian maize inbred lines comprised four major groups and one admixed group based on a membership probability threshold of 0.80. The four major groups contained 13, 2, 5 and 2 maize inbred lines, respectively. From genetic relationships analysis, the all inbred lines were divided into three main groups at 26% genetic similarity. Group I included 22 inbred lines, and Group II included 9 inbred lines. Group III consist of only one inbred line. The results in this study would be useful for the improvement and development of new cultivars, planning crosses for hybrids or development of inbred line in maize breeding program

Background : Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a perennial herb belongs to the family Araliaceae. Wild-cultivated ginseng (WCG) is a specific type of ginseng in Korea which cultivated on artificial forest cultivation method. To obtain a WCG which is similar to wild ginseng (WG), this method usually performed in a mountain using seeds or seedlings of cultivated ginseng (CG) and WG. WCG is very expensive because it is difficult to cultivate. However, systematic cultivation method have not yet been developed compared to high added value. Furthermore, very high price of WCG caused the problem that Panax notoginseng or Panax quinquefolium are sold as WCG in Korean market. In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity of WCG collected from five areas in Korea using SSR markers. Methods and Results : WCG samples were collected from five areas in Korea (Bucheon, Cheongju, Hoengseong, Judeok and Ulsan). DNA extraction was performed using CTAB method. SSR markers were collected from the published papers. After test PCR using the markers, one of the primer pair was labeled with fluorescence dye (FAM, NED, PET, or VIC) and GeneScan analysis were performed. DNA amplification was conducted using T-100 Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad). PCR products were separated by capillary electrophoresis on the ABI 3730 DNA analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Conclusion : Eight SSR markers were collected from the published literature and used for the analysis. From the 8 tested SSR markers, 7 SSR markers showed polymorphism between varieties. GenScan analysis were performed using the selected SSR markers to analyze the phylogenetic relationship of WCG. From the results, WCG cultivated in Korea showed that they have a very diverse genetic background.

Background : Codonopsis lanceolata is a perennial plant of Campanulaceae and mainly distributed in East Asia such as Korea, China, and Japan. C. lanceolata has a unique taste and aroma, and it is rich in minerals such as phosphorus and calcium, and vitamin B1 and B2, so our ancestors used the plant as medicinal herb and edible vegetable. However, systematic cultivation and development of varieties have not been achieved compared to demand or high added value. The genetic diversity and relationship analysis of the plants help to increase the efficiency of breeding through genetic variation. Methods and Results : Ten species of Codonopsis plants were used as materials and DNA was extracted from each 4 individuals per species and quantified at a concentration of 10 ng /㎕. The extracted DNA was pooled by species and PCR was performed using the EST-SSR marker developed based on C. lanceolata in the previous study. PCR amplification was carried out using a denaturation at 94℃ for 30 sec, annealing at 58℃ for 30 sec and extension at 72℃ for 30 sec, repeated for 35 total cycles. The PCR products were separated in a 4% agarose gell at 100 V for 40 min. Conclusion : In this study, C. lanceolata collections was determined among several Codonopsis species using these molecular marker. It is expected that the data of this study can be used as reference for genetic polymorphism analysis and related gene studies of Codonopsis species.

Background : In this study, a total of 46 breeding lines consisting of native ginseng collections from Geumsan was analyzed and clustered for the selection of Geumsan native ginseng in Korea using DNA markers. Methods and Results : We collected 46 Ginseng breeding lines from Geumsan : GS97-25 - GS00-58. Analyses of the genetic characteristics of the collection were conducted for extraction gDNA using sprout. 46 Ginseng breeding lines from Geumsan could be identified polymorphism using the selected 5 primer. We determained that the 46 breeding lines analyzed could be classified into 5 groups with similartiy value of 0.77 in dendrogram derived from the cluster analysis based on STS-markers. Group 4, which is the largest one, contained 19 collertions (41%). Conclusion : These finding could be used for morphological and genetic characteristics for produced native ginseng in Geumsan area. Futhermore, We could be used diverse genetic resources for Ginseng breeding.

Background : Cucuma longa L., in the family Zingiberaceae, is distributed in tropical and/or sub-tropical regions mainly in India and China. This species is commonly called tumeric, powder is used as medicinal herbs and/or flavor enhancer. It has been cultivated in southern region mainly Jindo. However, it might be possible to extend cultivation region due to rise in average temperature. In order to select superior lines, agronomic characteristics is commonly used. Because this is not the ultimate solution, the DNA marker approach has benefited the modern plant breeding. Therefore an easy approach by using one kind of primer have been developed from random amplification of polymorphic DNA sequences (RAPD) to discriminate effectively between different cultivars of Cucuma species Methods and Results : DNAs were extracted from the harvested roots of Cucuma sp. using DNeasy plant Mini kit (Qiagen, Hilen, Germany). These plants cultivated from GARES (Hamyang) and used for PCR amplification. The relative concentration of the extracted DNA was estimated Nano Drop ND-1000 (NanoDrop Technologies, Wklmington, De, USA) and final DNA concentration was adjusted to 5.5 ng/㎕. In this study 9 primer pairs were tested on 8 Cucuma sp. These primers showed polymorphism in Cucuma sp. The cluster dendogram showed that the similarity coefficients ranged from 0.68 to 0.87, CUR02 turned out to be CUR11, and CUR16 is similar to CUR17. Conclusion : These finding could be used for further research on cultivar development by using molecular breeding techniques and for conservation of the genetic diversity of Cucuma species. These data on polymorphism difference based on RAPD will be give us invaluable breeding information by selection of superior lines.

The morphological characteristics and genetic relationships among 32 germplasms of Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Zanthoxylum piperitum collected from two farms in Korea were investigated. The traits with the most variability were seed color, leaf size, and spine size. The intraspecific polymorphism of Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum was 96.5% and 60.3%, respectively. The genetic diversity and Shannon’s information index values ranged from 0.11 to 0.33 and 0.19 to 0.50, with average values of 0.26 and 0.42, respectively. Two ISSR primers (UBC861 and UBC862) were able to distinguish the different species. The genetic similarity matrix (GSM) revealed variability among the accessions ranging from 0.116 to 0.816. The intraspecific GSM for Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum was 0.177–0.780 and 0.250–0.816, respectively. The GSM findings indicate that Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum accessions have high genetic diversity and possess germplasms qualifying as good genetic resources for cross breeding. The clustering analysis separated Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum into independent groups, and all accessions could be classified into three categories. Z. Schinifolium var. nermis belonged to independent groups. Comparison of the clusters based on morphological analysis with those based on ISSR data resulted in an unclear pattern of division among the accessions. The study findings indicate that Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum accessions have genetic diversity, and ISSR markers were useful for identifying Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum.

Background : Compositae is one of the largest plant families which has high probability of diversity and mutation. Though the various researches about the Compositae are ongoing, it is incomplete and need to be conducted the molecular genetic researches to back up the previous studies. This research was performed to identify the genetic divergence of Compositae plants based on the DNA barcoding for cpDNA-matK and rbcL regions. Methods and Results : For this studies, the genetic sequence analysis (SNP/InDel) and phylogenetic analysis were conducted by using Neighbor-Joining algorithm as targeting the nineteen specimens from 7 species which received a IT number along with NCBI Genbank database (http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) sequences. The result of matK sequence analysis, 68 SNP and 2 InDel regions (at nt 527-538bp and 695-706bp positions) were confirmed. Also 10 SNPs were found in rbcL region. The genetic divergence showed 0.000-0.059% in matK regions, and the mean was 0.024%. The highest distance were observed between Ligualria fischeri and the group composed with Aster tataricus and Solidago virgauria (2 and 3). The sequence divergence for rbcL regions showed 0.000-0.018%, and the mean was 0.005%. The highest sequence distance in rbcL region were observed between L. fischeri group and S. virgauria (HE574593). In result of phylogenetic analysis in matK region, the most species formed independent clade. A. tataricus in Aster genus and two samples of S. virguaria in Solidago genus were formed one same clade. S. virguaria(1) and A. spathulifolius(2) has been separated into independently for the plants belonging to same genus, respectively. A. spathulifolius showed differences with NCBI data. The rbcL formed one same clade except L. fischeri and Synurus deltoides. Conclusion : This study indicates that matK is more valuable than rbcL for the distinction among the species of Compositae. This results are expected to be used for the establishment of the classification system of Compositae as well as for the studies in the development of an authentication marker.