제초제 bensulfuron-methyl에 대한 우리나라 주요 논잡초종들의 감수성 차이를 확인하고 생리적 원인을 밝히고자 잡초종별로 ALS(acetolactate synthase)의 활성 변화를 확인하였다. 제초제 처리에 의해서 Oryza sativa, Ludwigia prostrata와 Bidens tripartita의 경우 엽록소 함량은 bensulfuron-methyl 농도가 10 μM 까지 높아짐에 따라 증가하였다. Aneilema keisak와 L. prostrata의 경우 환원당 함량의 급격한 증가가 제초제 처리에 의해 일어났다. 반면에 엽내 단백질 함량에 대한 효과는 종에 따라 서로 상이하였다. 감수성을 보인 L. prostrata와 B. tripartita는 bensulfuron-methyl 농도가 증가함에 따라서 유리 아미노산 함량의 증가가 일어났으나 다른 종에서는 제초제 농도와 유의성 있는 상관은 확인되지 않았다. ALS의 in vitro 활성은 bensulfuron-methyl 의 처리 농도가 증가함에 따라서 급격하게 증가하였다. ALS에 대한 I50 값은 대상 종에 따라 28 nM to 39 nM의 범위를 보였다. 이러한 I50의 차이가 제초제 bensulfuron-methyl에 대한 감수성 차이를 나타내는 가장 중요한 요인으로 확인되었다. 이 감수성 차이는 직파재배 논에서 이 제초제 적용에 있어서 중요한 자료로 이용될 수 있다.

알락수염노린재의 주요 페로몬 성분을 찾기 위하여 알락수염노린재 헥산추출물에 대하여 GC-MS 및 GC-EAD 반응을 분석하였고, GC-EAD에 반응한 물질에 대하여 Y-tube Olfactometer로 알락수염노린재의 유인반응을 조사하였다. 알락수염노린재의 주요 헥산추출물은 (E)-2-hexenal, 4-Oxo-(E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-octenal, n-undecane, n-dodecane, (E)-2- decenal, n-tridecane, (E) and (Z)-2-decenyl acetate, pentadecane, tetradecyl isobutanoate, (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester 및 기타 미동정 물질 등이 다수 존재하였다. 특히 암컷 알락수염노린재에는 수컷 노린재에는 없는 E-5-decenyl acetate의 함량이 매우 많았다. 알락수염노린재 헥산추출물에 대한 알락수염노린재 암․수의 안테나 반응은 retention times 4.1～ 4.2(retention index 850～860 : E-2-hexenal), 4.7 부근(retention index 960 : 4-oxo-E-2-hexenal)과 6.8 부근(retention index 1290～1305 : Tridecane)의 화합물에 대해 암․수 모두 동일한 안테나 반응을 보였다. 알락수염노린재에 대한 Y-tube Ocfactometer 시험에서 알락수염노린재의 최초 이동방향이 수컷은 E-2-decenal(100%), E,E,Z-2,4,6-decatrienoate(80%), n-tridecane (70%) 및 E-2-hexenal(60%) 순이었고, 암컷은 n-tridecane(80%), 4-oxo-E-2-hexenal (60%), E-2-decenyl acetate(60%), Z-2-decenyl acetate(60%), E,E,Z-2,4,6-decatrienoate (60%) 등의 순이었다. 특히 Tridecane과 갈색날개노린재 집합페로몬인 E,E,Z-2,4,6-decatrienoate는 알락수염노린재 암․수 모두에서 높은 유인효과를 나타내었다.

A new cost-effective atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique, known as Proximity-Scan ALD (PS-ALD) was developed and its benefits were demonstrated by depositing Al2O3 and HfO2 thin films using TMA and TEMAHf, respectively, as precursors. The system is consisted of two separate injectors for precursors and reactants that are placed near a heated substrate at a proximity of less than 1 cm. The bell-shaped injector chamber separated but close to the substrate forms a local chamber, maintaining higher pressure compared to the rest of chamber. Therefore, a system configuration with a rotating substrate gives the typical sequential deposition process of ALD under a continuous source flow without the need for gas switching. As the pressure required for the deposition is achieved in a small local volume, the need for an expensive metal organic (MO) source is reduced by a factor of approximately 100 concerning the volume ratio of local to total chambers. Under an optimized deposition condition, the deposition rates of Al2O3 and HfO2 were 1.3 Å/cycle and 0.75 Å/cycle, respectively, with dielectric constants of 9.4 and 23. A relatively short cycle time (5~10 sec) due to the lack of the time-consuming "purging and pumping" process and the capability of multi-wafer processing of the proposed technology offer a very high through-put in addition to a lower cost.

Poets use symbols because they have realized that our common language is inaccurate in describing the inner reality. In A Vision, Yeats presents an elaborate symbolic pattern which he applies not only to history, but also to individual lives. One of his basic symbols is a pair of interpenetrating whirling cones or "gyres" signifying the world of change that move within a sphere emblematic eternity. The gyres, with their points at the bases of each other, represent the oppositions and reciprocity of human existence; one expands as the other diminishes. The two gyres stand for two contrasting forces―the primary or objective and the antithetical or subjective. There is a state of perpetual conflict between the gyres The “sphere” is the symbol of perfection, "Unity of Being". These symbols of sphere and gyres are equivalent to another set of symbols, in which a circle or "The Great Wheel" is marked off into "phase" that correspond to the waxing and waning of the moon. There are twenty eight such phases, with varying degrees of moonlight and darkness. They can be applied to human personality and to the incarnations of the soul. Each quarter of "The Great Wheel" represents a completely different character. The first quarter is identified with the body, the second with the heart, the third with the mind, and the fourth with the soul. The result of the mixture of these principles at any one phase must be measured in terms of "Four Faculties," which usually are at odds with one another. As "Four Faculties" with living here, "Four Principles" apply to the life after death. The Principles find their Unity in the Celestial Body, man's archetype in Heaven.

Indirubin is the ac ti ve ingredi ent of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Danggui Longhui Wan, used for t he t reatment of chronic myelocytic leukemia Here, we report that novel indirubin ,- 11‘ ivative‘ 5’ - nitro-indirubinoxime (5’ NIO) , has potent anti- proliferative activity on va rious human cancel‘ cells and oncogenic RK3E- ras rat kidney cells with ha lf- inhibi tory concentrati ons (1C50) ra nging from 1- 12 M, Treatment with indirubin derivative induced the activation 01' caspase 7 rollowed by apoptos is in RK3E- ras cells. lndirubin derivative showed strong anti-tumor activity in rat solid and oral tUll10r models , Direct inj ection of indirubin deri vative every other day for 10 days induced signifi cant inhi bition of tumor growth in Sprague-Dawley rats bearing RK3E- ras-induced tumors Histologically. t reatment with indiru bin de ri vative caused s ignifi cant inhi bit ion of tumor formation with increased apoptosis and decreased tumor cell prolife ration, These f indings provide the potent ial va lue of indirubin deri vative a s a novel candidate for ant i-tumor agents

실내에서 사육된 C. riparius를 대상으로 내분비계 교란물질인 BPA와 4-nonylphenol을 처리하여 형태적인 변화를 살펴보았다. 약제에 노출된 개체의 하순기절은 부드러워지거나(smooth) 손실(loss)이 가장 많았다. 처리물질에 따른 기형의 정도를 살펴보면, BPA는 31~90%, 4-nonlyphenol은 40~80%의 범위를 보였다. BPA는 처리 농도가 증가할수록 기형도 증가하였으나 4-nonylphenol

The citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, is an oligophagous pest of Rutaceae family, especially Citrus spp. occurring in most worldwide citrus-growing areas. This study was conducted to evaluate a sex pheromone chemical of CLM, (Z,Z)-7,1l-hexadecadienal (7Z,11Z-16:AI) in monitoring CLM by trap types, the diel activity and the influence of some weather factors on trap catch. CLM was well attracted on a trap baited 7Z,11Z-16:AI 1㎎. Sticky wing trap was more effective than bucket trap. Most caught CLM were attracted at 2~6 a.m. regardless of season, and activity time of CLM was affected by sunrise time as well as sunset time. The trap catch of CLM was more influenced by wind velocity than temperature for activity time of CLM. The number of caught CLM was fallen at below 13℃, but there was little effect for trap catch at over that temperature. The average wind velocity at over 2.0 m/sec made the number of caught CLM drop down. The precipitation did not affect the number of caught CLM when the average wind velocity was lower than at 2.0 m/sec.

The high-solid coatings were prepared by blending the synthesized acrylic resin in the previous paper, and hexamethylene diisocyanate-trimer and curing it at room temperature. The characterization of the films of the prepared coatings was performed. The 60˚ specular gloss, impact resistance, cross-hatch adhesion, and heat resistance of the films proved to be good, and the pencil hardness, drying time, and pot-life proved to be slightly poor. From a viscoelastic measurement using a rigid-body pendulum, curing was accelerated with the Tg value.

본 연구는 소 형질 전환 체세포 핵이식에서 용이한 탈핵을 위해 demecolcine을 이용할 시 탈핵율과 핵이식란의 발육능을 높이기 위한 최적의 조건을 알아보고자 실시되었다. 도축장 유래 미성숙 난자를 18시간 체외성숙 후 제1극체가 확인된 성숙 난자를 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 및 0.8 ug/ml의 demecolcine이 첨가된 배지에서 1시간 더 처리한 다음 세포막이 돌출되어 있는 난자를 체세포 핵이식에 공여하여 각 군간 배반포로의 발육능을 비교하였