In this study, static and dynamic analyses were conducted on three atypical building models to evaluate the displacement response reduction performance based on the outrigger system installation location in a atypical building that incorporated both tapered and twisted shapes. Three 60-story models were developed with a fixed 3-degree taper and twist angles of 1, 2, and 3 degrees per story. Outrigger systems were installed at 10-story intervals and additionally between the 20th and 40th floor at 1-story intervals. The results indicated that, although there were variations depending on the seismic loads, the displacement response reduction performance was generally most effective when the outriggers were installed in the upper stories (41st to 60th floors) of the analytical models.

Natural populations of numerous species have decreased sharply in recent years, and a number of mammalian species are also now at elevated risk of extinction globally. The long-tailed goral Naemorhedus caudatus, a vulnerable and protected species designated by IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) and CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), is distributed in Northeast Asia including the Korean Peninsula. In South Korea, the Seoraksan National Park is known as the largest core habitat for the long-tailed goral population. In this study, phylogenetic relationships and population genetic features of the Seoraksan goral population were analyzed using fecal samples with both mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers. We found that Seoraksan gorals were the most closely related to Russian population, and also found that a unique Seoraksan lineage evolved there. In addition, the Seoraksan goral population showed higher genetic diversity than other South Korean populations, suggesting that this population might represent the most ecologically and evolutionarily important remnants of the long-tailed goral in South Korea. The Seoraksan goral population had a low level of genetic differentiation and a rather single genetic structure, suggesting that non-negligible levels of gene flow might have occurred across populations. Moreover, microsatellite genotype-based individual identification estimated that the population size was ≥81 in the Seoraksan National Park. Findings of our study suggest that effective conservation and restoration actions are needed for long-term conservation of N. caudatus in this protected area.

There are now many seismic observatory stations, excluding the acceleration monitoring network for infrastructures, of more than 300 operated by several public and governmental organizations across South Korea. The features of the site and properties of the stations were not investigated, and they have been assumed or guessed to estimate the site-specific seismic responses during the 2016 Gyeongju and 2017 Pohang earthquake events. For these reasons, various and intensive geotechnical and geophysical investigations have been conducted to quantify the site characteristics at 15 seismic stations selected in southeastern Korea. The VS profiles were, at first, obtained by performing only a downhole seismic test (DHT) at 7 stations, and were compared with those from a surface wave method. Then, the shear wave velocity (VS) profiles were deduced by combining three types of in situ seismic methods composed of a cross-hole seismic test, DHTs, and full-waveform sonic loggings at the 8 other stations, especially to complement the application limits of DHT and reduce the depth-dependent uncertainty in VS profile. The representative site characteristic profiles for each station regarding VS and VP with borehole stratigraphy and density were determined based on robust investigations. Various site parameters related to seismic responses at the seismic stations of interest were obtained for the site-specific geotechnical information, which would be useful to earthquake engineering practices.

Today, as the social demand for tap water safety and the need for an ICT-based intelligent integrated control system increase, K-water (Korea Water Resources Corporation) is building and operating a ‘Water pipe monitoring CCTV system’ to quickly respond to crises in the event of a water leak. However, in the case of the existing system, when the CCTV rotates, the image information and the mapped water pipe image do net match, so the operator has the limitation that the water pipe image must be mapped anew every time. In this paper, in odert to solve the above problems, we propose an improved system that can extract feature points from CCTV images, detect changes in the coordinate values of the feature points, and automatically transform the location of the water pipe image by utilizing LoFTR (Detector-Free Local Feature Matching with Transformer), a type of deep learning image matching algorithm that is actively being studied in th field of the latest computer vision, and examine its effectiveness.

We see that the method of calculating the moon's position in the celestial sphere is little different from the method currently used. Currently, an elliptical model is used, while Sechoyuhwi and Chongzhen Lishu(崇禎曆書) use a four-epicycles model descibed in Lixiang Kaocheng(曆象考成) when calculating the equations of the Moon. The equation of center( EoC) calculated in this way has little difference from the currently calculated EoC. Considering the four-cycles model, the EoC occurs due to the center difference of the moon's orbit. The evection and variation occur when the sun exerts gravitational perturbation on the moon's orbit, and those are expressed as the 2nd and 3rd equations. However, when calculating the moon's position, Sechoyuhwi and Chongzhen Lishu used the apparent solar time. therefore these almanacs deal with another equation which is not the same as the 4th equation described as the equation of annual inequality. Furthermore these calendars consider the longitude reducing when the longitude along the lunar path in the celestial sphere is converted to that along the ecliptic. In this case the same as the 5th equation described as the equation of reduced ecliptic is corrected. When the ecliptic latitude were calculated, these calendars have considered the latitude evection of the lunar inclination to the ecliptic with the two-cycles model. At the time when Sechoyuhwi was written, Joseon’s lunar position tracking was at the highest level before Newton knew how to do it.

Overloaded freight vehicles significantly contribute to road damage and increased maintenance costs, posing critical challenges for road management. This paper proposes an optimal decision-making methodology that incorporates the strategic behavior of road users into Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) enforcement strategies. The objective is to effectively derive optimal WIM installation locations while minimizing pavement maintenance costs and traffic congestion. The proposed framework consists of a bi-level optimization model. In the upper-level problem, decision-makers determine the optimal WIM installation locations within budget constraints. In the lower-level problem, drivers select routes to minimize their individual travel costs. The model integrates road management and travel costs to derive a balanced WIM installation strategy. Numerical experiments demonstrated that the proposed model identified WIM installation locations that effectively balanced the pavement management and travel costs. The results indicated that the proposed enforcement strategy can reduce pavement management costs while minimizing traffic congestion, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of the transportation network. This paper provides a strategic foundation for reducing road damage and long-term maintenance costs by encouraging overloaded vehicles to comply with the legal weight limits. The proposed methodology serves as a practical guideline for WIM installation decision-making and policy development, contributing to the effective management of road networks.

많은 승객이 이용하는 여객선 등, 선박의 사고 예방을 위해 안전과 관련된 규정이 매년 강화되고 선박에 적용하고 있지만 선 박에서의 사고는 감소하지 않고 있다. 선박에서의 화재 사고 시 화재 발생 위치에 따라 승객의 탈출 시간이 변화하고, 유해 요인에 의한 위험성이 증가할 수 있다. 화재 위치 변화에 따른 유해 요인들의 위험성과 탈출 시간지연의 원인을 파악하고, 시간지연을 감소시키는 방 안을 모색하기 위한 연구를 진행하였다. 선박 승객 거주 구역 화재 시 연소생성물의 유동과 승객의 탈출 과정을 확인하기 위해 FDS를 기반으로 하는 Pyrosim과 Pathfinder를 이용하여 화재 및 승객 피난 시뮬레이션을 진행하였다. 화재 발생 위치 변화에 따라 탈출로의 가시 거리 평균값은 3.1m에서 4.2m로 탈출 과정에서 안전하지 않고, 승객의 탈출 시간은 화재가 발생하지 않은 경우보다 9초에서 34초가 늘어 나는 것을 확인하였다. 안전성 향상 방안인 제연설비를 임의로 적용하여 동일 시뮬레이션 진행하였다. 화재 구역의 평균 가시거리는 14.9m에서 22.0m까지 증가하여 개선되는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 제연설비 설치 여부에 따라 0.8초에서 8.3초의 탈출 시간이 개선되었다. 해당 구역의 안전성 향상 방안을 적용한 결과, 적정한 제연설비가 작동된 이후로 연소생성물에 의한 승객의 위험성이 감소함을 확인할 수 있다.

우리 민법은 용익물권으로서 지상권 및 전세권과 더불어 지역권을 인정하고 있는데, 모두가 토지이용관계의 근거가 된다는 점에서 공통되나, 특히 지역권 에서는 설정목적에 제한이 없다는 점과 물권으로서의 속성이 완화(비배타성) 되어 있다는 점에서 그 운용에 있어서 유연성·탄력성이 요청된다. 이는 같은 용익물권으로 묶여있는 지상권·전세권 뿐 아니라 우리 민법이 유사기능을 담 당하도록 지시한 상린관계와 근본적으로 구별되는 대목이다. 따라서 지역권제 도는 토지이용을 합리적으로 조절하여 그 이용의 효율을 높이는 것에 지향점 을 두어야 한다. 승역지소유자의 지역권변경청구권을 인정하는 것은 이러한 지역권제도의 실질적 목적과 기능에 부합된다. 특히 지역권의 존속기간이 장기인 경우에는 여러 사정의 변화로 토지이용의 효율적 방법이 달라질 수 있고, 그에 따라 승역지소유자의 토지이용계획도 수정될 여지가 크다. 이때 요역지 소유자의 동의를 얻어 기존 지역권을 변경할 수 있는 것은 당연하지만, 요역지 소유자에게 특별한 동기나 유인이 제공되지 않는 한 그 변경에 반드시 동의할 것이라는 예상은 할 수 없다. 요역지소유자의 동의가 없는 한 지역권 변경은 일절 고려할 수 없다고 한다면, 토지이용의 합리적 조절로부터 기대되는 이익 을 포기할 수 밖에 없을 것이다. 이것은 지역권제도의 목적과 취지에 어긋난다. 그러므로 요역지소유자의 동의가 없더라도 일정 요건 하에서는 승역지소유자 의 지역권변경을 허용할 필요도 있다.

감정적 맥락이 기억에 미치는 영향을 이해하는 것은 인간의 인지 능력을 종합적으로 이해하는데 매우 중요하다. 이전 연구에서는 주로 시각적 자극에 초점을 맞춰 이러한 관계를 탐구했다면, 본 연구는 음성으로 제시되는 감정 맥락으로 탐구의 영역을 확장하여 언어적 맥락의 각성도와 정서가가 기억에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 특히 서열 위치 효과를 완화하는지에 주목하였다. 연구 1에서는 단어 목록의 중반부에 제시되는 음성 감정 맥락의 각성도가 단어 음성 기억에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보았다. 실험 결과, 각성도가 낮은 맥락에 노출되었을 때 목록 후반부의 기억력 이 저하되는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 2에서는 각성도 수준을 통제했을 때 목록의 중반부에 제시되는 음성 감정 맥락 의 정서가가 단어 음성 기억에 미치는 영향을 조사했다. 실험 결과, 부정적 맥락은 함께 제시되는 단어의 기억력을 저하시킨다는 사실을 발견했다. 연구 결과는 음성을 통해 제시되는 감정 맥락이 음성 자극의 기억 처리를 촉진하지 못한다는 것을 시사한다. 특히 부정적 정서 맥락은 서열 위치 효과를 강화하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 맥락과 기억 자극이 음성으로 동일할 경우 부정적 감정 맥락은 과제 수행에 간섭으로 작용하여 감정 맥락의 기억 향상 효과를 유발하지 못하는 경향을 보인다. 이는 청각적으로 전달되는 감정 맥락이 언어 기억 과정에 미치는 영향을 이해하는 데 중요한 통찰을 제공한다.

Due to the complexity of urban area, the city vehicle routing problem has been a difficult problem. The problem has involved factors such as parking availability, road conditions, and traffic congestion, all of which increase transportation costs and delivery times. To resolve this problem, one effective solution can be the use of parcel lockers located near customer sites, where products are stored for customers to pick up. When a vehicle delivers products to a designated parcel locker, customers in the vicinity must pick up their products from that locker. Recently, identifying optimal locations for these parcel lockers has become an important research issue. This paper addresses the parcel locker location problem within the context of urban traffic congestion. By considering dynamic environmental factors, we propose a Markov decision process model to tackle the city vehicle routing problem. To ensure more real situations, we have used optimal paths for distances between two nodes. Numerical results demonstrate the viability of our model and solution strategy.

실내 벽면녹화용으로 많이 이용되고 있는 덩굴식물 스킨답 서스(Epipremnum aureum)는 줄기의 상·하 유인방향에 생장 차이를 보이는 것으로 알려져 있으나 그 원인에 대해서는 구 체적으로 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 광원의 위치(상· 하)와 줄기 유인방향(상·하)에 따른 스킨답서스의 생장반응을 15주간 조사하였다. 그 결과 정상적인 식물 생장 환경조건인 광원이 위에 있고 줄기를 위로 유인한 처리를 제외하고는 광 원이 아래에 위치하거나 줄기를 아래로 유인한 처리에서는 굴 곡과 뒤틀림 정도가 매우 컸다. 이것은 굴광성과 항굴지성에 대한 식물체 지상부의 반응 결과이며, 굴광성과 항굴지성의 경합반응은 식물체 아래 광원이 위치하고 줄기를 아래로 유인 했을 때 더욱 뚜렷하였다. 광원의 위치와 줄기 유인방향에 따 른 스킨답서스의 생장 반응은 굴광성과 항굴지성으로 설명 가 능하며 굴광성의 영향이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다.

We analyzed risk factors of coastal gillnet fishers during fishing process and considered work safety measures to reduce safety accidents during fishing using a UWB (ultra wideband) based positioning system. The static position accuracy of the UWB based positioning system was 45 cm. When entering a port, there is a risk of falling overboard. When casting a net, there was a risk of falling overboard due to being hit by fishing gear or guards, or getting caught in a buoy line or sinker line. When hauling a net, there is a risk of getting caught between fishing gear and net hauler, and the risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to repetitive work over a long period of time. Most safety accidents during work on fishing boats are blamed on human errors of the fisher and skipper, but safety accidents occur due to a mixture of mechanical and equipment factors, work and environmental factors, and management factors in addition to human errors. Therefore, the 4E were presented as countermeasures against the 4M, which are causes of safety accidents, and the proposed measures were used to identify risk factors for operation process, comply with work safety rules, and ensure the wearing of personal protective equipments. We need to reduce safety accidents during work by making it part of our daily routine. These research results can be used in the future for optimal placement of fishing gear and fishing nets in other coastal industries where safety accidents occur frequently.

Piloti-type structures with vertical irregularity are vulnerable to earthquakes due to the soft structure of the first story. Structural characteristics of buildings can significantly affect the seismic loss function, calculated based on seismic fragility, and therefore need to be considered. This study investigated the effects of the number of stories and core locations on the seismic loss function of piloti-type buildings in Korea. Twelve analytical models were developed considering two variations: three stories (4-story, 5-story, and 6-story) and four core locations (center core, x-eccentric core, y-eccentric core, and xy-eccentric core). The interstory drift ratio and peak floor acceleration were assessed through incremental dynamic analysis using 44 earthquake records, and seismic fragility was derived. Seismic loss functions were calculated and compared using the derived seismic fragility and repair cost ratio of each component. The results indicate that the seismic loss function increases with more stories and when the core is eccentrically located in the piloti-type structure model. Therefore, the uncertainty due to the number of stories and core location should be considered when deriving the seismic loss function of piloti-type structures.

The adhesive design of a fast steering mirror transmitting a high power laser is one of the important design elements that affect optical aberration of the mirror surface. In this paper, we designed the adhesive part to avoid the high power laser beam of the FSM system. Stiffness and wavefront error are trade-off relationships and an optical design was derived to maintain the wavefront error of the mirror surface at high temperatures while satisfying the bandwidth of the FSM system. For the optimal design of the mirror bonding position, structural analysis was conducted using ANSYS and wavefront error analysis was performed using Zernike polynomial code. Through those analysis, FSM most effective at an angle 60 degrees and a distance of 46mm.