본 연구에서는 국내산 양식 자주복의 테트로도톡신 및 그 유사체를 UHPLC-QqQ MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 테 트로도톡신 분석법의 직선성과 일내 및 일간 정확도와 정 밀성, 검출 한계, 정량 한계를 구한 결과 CODEX 가이드라 인 기준에 적합하였다. 국내산 양식 자주복의 부위별 테트 로도톡신 함량을 분석한 결과 일부 시료의 간과 근육 부위 를 제외한 대부분의 시료에서 테트로도톡신이 검출되지 않 았으며, 검출된 시료도 간과 근육 부위에서는 각각 0.07 mg/ kg, 0.06 mg/kg의 낮은 농도로 테트로도톡신이 검출되었다. 테트로도톡신 유사체의 경우 국내산 양식 자주복에서 dideoxyTTX, trideoxyTTX, norTTX가 검출되었다. 이 중 dideoxyTTX는 국내산 양식 자주복의 모든 부위에서 주요 테트로도톡신 유사체로 확인되었다. 본 연구를 통해 국내산 양식 자주복의 테트로도톡신 및 그 유사체 분포를 이해 하는데 도움을 줄 수 있으며 국내 해양생물 독소 데이터베 이스 구축에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

As global climate change impacts become more apparent, countries are implementing various policies to achieve carbon neutrality that can be categorized into direct regulations and market-based indirect regulations. The latter, utilizing economic incentives, is considered more efficient in transforming corporate behavior and promoting voluntary efforts for carbon reduction. In alignment with international trends, South Korea has introduced the Emission Trading System (ETS) in 2015. Despite this, the domestic carbon market remains underdeveloped, with low ETS participation, particularly in the aquaculture sector. In order to activate external projects under the ETS, this study proposes short-term strategies including linking ETS with popular eco-friendly energy distribution projects, developing standardized monitoring techniques, and integrating carbon reduction initiatives with other support mechanisms such as direct payment programs. Long-term strategies focus on developing new methodologies for external projects, promoting the use of renewable energy, and enhancing technologies to reduce energy consumption in aquaculture operations. By implementing these strategies, the study aims to enhance the participation of the aquaculture sector in carbon reduction efforts, contributing to the overall goal of carbon neutrality.

본 연구는 현 시대에 등장하는 일러스트레이션을 하인리히 뵐플린이 제시한 이론의 관점으로 접근하였으며, 시각적 회화와 촉각적 회화로 분류하여 해석하고자 한다. 일러스트레이션에 나타난 표현기법을 통합적으로 살펴보기 위해서 그림책작가를 선정한 후, 인 터넷 사이트나 출간된 서적 등에서 해당 작가의 작품 이미지를 수집하였다. 이들을 시각적 회 화와 촉각적 회화로 분류하였다. 윤곽선의 활용에 대한 부분이 가장 확실한 특징이라고 파악 하여, 윤곽선 활용 유무를 기준으로 분류하였다. 이들 중에서 작가가 각 작품마다 다른 스타일 을 추구하는 경우, 본 연구에서 수집한 작품을 중심으로 분류하였다.

본 논문은 이건용이 5⋅18 민주화운동이라는 역사적 현실에 직면하여 예술가곡 작곡을 중단하 고 대중적 장르인 쉬운 ‘노래’로 양식변화를 한 것에 주목하였다. 1980년대의 비판적 현실을 민중 과 소통하기 위한 그의 노래 작곡은 음악과 삶의 관계성을 중시하는 그의 현실결부적인 음악관에 따른 것이다. 군사정부가 물러난 1990년대에 그의 예술가곡 작곡은 다시 시작된다. 이 시기의 가 곡 작곡에서도 이전 시기의 가곡 작품들과 구별되는 양식변화가 나타난다. 1970년대의 작품들에 서 존재론적이고 자아탐구적인 시적 내용이 두드러지는 것에 반해, 1990년대 이후의 작품들에서 는 공동체와의 공유적 감성이 강화되어 있으며, 양식적으로도 단순화된 경향을 보인다. 이건용은 음악의 가치를 작품의 완결성보다는 공동체적인 삶과의 상호관계 속에서 역동적으로 변화하는 ‘되어감’의 과정에서 파악한다. 그의 노래와 가곡 작곡에 나타난 양식변화는 이러한 ‘되어감’의 과 정을 보여주고 있다.

This study was conducted to determine the efficiency of the distribution process of the abalone industry, that is, whether there is market dominance. In addition, it was intended to find out whether there is an asymmetric price transfer phenomenon between the distribution stage of the abalone industry. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the asymmetric price transition effect on the abalone price between producer and wholesale market was found to be positive. It means that the distribution structure is incomplete between the producer and the wholesale market and the abalone market is operating inefficiently. Second, as a result of estimating the market power between the producer and the wholesale market, the market power coefficient between the producer and the Hanam wholesale market, and the producer and the Incheon wholesale market were 0.0618 and 0.0735. Summarizing the analysis results, the abalone market has an asymmetric price transition between producer and wholesale markets, but the market dominance coefficient is relatively low. These results suggest that the asymmetry of price transition is mainly caused by market dominance, but can also be caused by other factors such as information asymmetry. In the future, in addition to the market dominance of the abalone market, it is judged that research on factors related to the asymmetry of price transition is necessary.

This study focuses on analyzing the energy-saving effects of the recirculation aquaculture system using seawater source heat pumps and solar power generation. Based on the thermal load analysis conducted using the transient system simulation tool, the annual energy consumption of the recirculation aquaculture system was analyzed and the energy-saving effects of utilizing the photovoltaic system was evaluated. When analyzing the heat load, the sea areas where the fish farms are located, the type of breeding tank, and the circulation rate of breeding water were taken into consideration. In addition, a method for determining the appropriate capacity for each operation time was examined when applying the energy storage system instead of the existing diesel generator as an emergency power, which is required to maintain the water temperature of breeding water during power outage. The results suggest that, among the four seas considered, Jeju should be estimated to achieve the highest energy-saving performance using the solar power generation, with approximately 45% energy savings.

This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the risk using data from 329 safety accidents that occurred in aquaculture fisheries management vessels over the recent five years (2018-2022). For quantitative risk analysis, the Bayesian network proposed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) was used to analyze the risk level according to the fishing process and cause of safety accidents. Among the work processes, the fishing process was analyzed to have the highest risk, being 12.5 times that of the navigation, 2.7 times that of the maintenance, and 8.8 times that of the loading and unloading. Among the causes of accidents, the hull and working environment showed the highest risk, being 1.7 times that of fishing gear and equipment, 4.7 times that of machinery and equipment, and 9.4 times that of external environment. By quantitatively analyzing the safety accident risks for 64 combinations of these four work processes and four accident causes, this study provided fundamental data to reduce safety accidents occurring in aquaculture fisheries management vessels.

This study aimed to examine the morphological characteristics and variation in main traits by comparing the growth of individuals of Ecklonia cava Kjellman (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) under an aquaculture environment. This survey was conducted from April 2018 to November 2019 at the aquafarm in Jindo-gun, Jeollanam-do (South coast of Korea). To classify the morphology of individuals in the aquaculture farm of E. cava, we investigated fourteen morphological characteristics and calculated four ratios between the measured values. Juvenile individuals showed a simple or oblong lanceolate, and at 3-4 months, a short stipe and holdfast developed, along with a bladelet that developed into the secondary blade form. At 5-7 months, secondary blades were found to develop irregularly on the primary blade. At 8-10 months, the primary blade expanded and secondary blades elongated. At 11-12 months, the secondary blades became oblong. At 13-14 months, the thallus area expanded. At 15-16 months, tertiary blades were formed, the thallus became more complex, the stipe thickened, and the holdfast widened. At 17-18 months, secondary blades clearly developed along with lobes. At 19-20 months, tertiary blades developed and became similar to mature natural blades. In the principal component analysis (PCA), the monthly population of the first year (Q1) and that of the second year (Q2) of the cultured population were divided along PC1, which is related to secondary blade morphological characteristics and the holdfast width. Q2 and natural populations are distributed in descending order of volume in Jeju (J), East Coast (E), and South Coast (S) along PC2, which is related to primary blade and stipe morphological characteristics. The results of this study were judged to offer important criteria for the development of different varieties of E. cava.

Among Japan's agriculture, forestry, fisheries and regional revitalization plans established in June 2018, the key matters related to aquaculture include ① a new perspective on the sponge use system for the development of aquaculture and coastal fisheries, ② a comprehensive strategy for growth and industrialization of aquaculture, and ③ expansion of suitable aquaculture areas. There are four countermeasures including ④ research and development trends. In accordance with these key points, the Japanese government established a comprehensive strategy for aquaculture growth and industrialization by strategically setting aquaculture items in consideration of domestic and international demand, establishing a comprehensive strategy from production to sales and export, and then working in earnest to promote the aquaculture industry. This study analyzes environmental changes surrounding aquaculture in Japan and trends in fish farming and marine products, and summarizes the key points of the June 2018 Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Regional Revitalization Plan to suggest measures that can be utilized in Korea’s aquaculture policy.

There is a Buddhist gong that is hanging in Dongnakwon of Guryongsa temple located in Wongju city, Gangwon-do. This Buddhist gong belongs to the second type of late Joseon period due to have two ridgelines on the front and the sides. In addition this Buddhist gong has six sankrit character ‘ (oṃ)’. The oldest Buddhist gong with Sanskrit characters which was made during late Joseon period is the Buddhist gong made in 1666 with inscription ‘the Kangxi 5th Year of Jangcheonsa temple, in which the five Sanskrit characters of “oṃ ma ṇi pad me” were arranged in the form of a pentagon. But coming to the state the Buddhist gong made in 1770 with inscription ’Qianlong 35 year of Neunggasa temple, four Sanskrit characters of oṃ was changed into a rhombus form. In the Buddhist gong made in 1837 with inscription ’Daogwang 17 year, six Sanskrit character of oṃ was changed into a hexagonal form. The oldest Buddhist gong with six Sanskrit characters was made in 1837 with inscription ‘Dogwang 17th Year’, however, this Buddhist gong was lost. The manufacturing time of the Buddhist gong with the six Sanskrit characters can be set as the lower limit based on the Buddhist gong with inscription Daogwang 17th Year. However, the type of the Buddhist gong of Guryongsa temple belongs to the second type Buddhist gong of the late Joseon Dynasty, and the seconf type Buddhist gongs were mainly produced in the 18th century. Referring to the Buddhist gong of Sokcho Sinheungsa temple made in 1788, although that of Guryongsa temple had no inscriptions that could know the manufacturing time, it appears that the Buddhist gong with six Sanskrit characters prior to the Buddhist gong with inscription Daogwang 17th Year made by Kim Jong-deuk in 1837 was produced in the late 18th century.

This study deals with the application of an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict power consumption for utilizing seawater source heat pumps of recirculating aquaculture system. An integrated dynamic simulation model was constructed using the TRNSYS program to obtain input and output data for the ANN model to predict the power consumption of the recirculating aquaculture system with a heat pump system. Data obtained from the TRNSYS program were analyzed using linear regression, and converted into optimal data necessary for the ANN model through normalization. To optimize the ANN-based power consumption prediction model, the hyper parameters of ANN were determined using the Bayesian optimization. ANN simulation results showed that ANN models with optimized hyper parameters exhibited acceptably high predictive accuracy conforming to ASHRAE standards.

본 연구는 패류양식업이 밀집한 남해 강진만 해역에서 수하식 및 살포식 양식해역과 비양식해역을 구분하여 양식활동으로 인한 유기물 축적과 저서다모류군집 변화를 파악하고, 어장환경평가 기법을 활용하여 건강도를 평가하고자 수행되었다. 남해 강진만 해역의 평균 입도, 수온, 염분농도, 총유기탄소 등의 시·공간 분포는 정점간에 큰 차이가 없었던 반면, 출현 종수, 개체밀도와 종다양도 등은 살포식 양식 해역의 정점이 다른 해역의 정점과 비교해 상대적으로 낮은 경향을 보였다. 한편 집괴분석과 주요좌표분석 결과에서도 살포식 양식해역 정 점의 저서다모류군집이 나머지 정점의 군집과 뚜렷하게 구분되었다. 수하식 양식해역의 정점과 비양식해역 정점에서는 오염지시종인 Scolectoma longifolia와 Sigambra tentaculata가 우점종으로 출현하였으나, 수심과 해수 유통 등의 물리적인 요인에 의한 영향을 받는 일부 정점 을 제외하면 점유율이 높지 않았다. 강진만 해역의 저서생태계 건강도는 1~2등급으로 양호한 상태였다. 그러나, 다모류군집구조의 시·공간 분 포와 저서생태계 건강도지수를 고려하면 살포식 양식해역의 퇴적환경은 양식으로 인한 물리적인 교란에 영향을 받는 것으로 보여진다.

At Pyropia farms, organic acid treatments have enhanced productivity and quality by removing pest algae (such as Ulva spp. and diatoms) and reducing the occurrence of diseases. Ulva spp. attaches to the Pyropia nets competing for inorganic nutrients & space and diminishing productivity. Additionally, the presence of attached contaminants (such as diatoms and middy particles) on the Pyropia nets negatively affects the quality of Pyropia. This study investigated the effects of removing Ulva linza and washing the Pyropia yezoensis nets using an activating treatment agent (organic acid and highly saline solution) with an air bubble device. The results of measuring the dead cell ratios after treatment under different conditions showed that the dead cell ratio of U. linza did not significantly increase when the air bubble device combined the activating treatment agent with the activating treatment agent alone. When washing the P. yezoensis nets, the air bubble device was about 19-37% more effective than the activating treatment agent alone. The findings of this study suggest that the air bubble device enhances the efficacy of the activating treatment agent, resulting in the effective cleaning of the Pyropia nets.

The development potential of the aquaculture industry is very high, but there is no financial support for investment except for the government, policy funds, fishery funds, etc. Therefore, we would like to propose a contract transaction in the aquaculture industry. This refers to a forward contract between a producer (fish farmer) and a buyer (mainly a processor or marketer) that stipulates the production and supply of fish products at a predetermined price, but it also refers to an “equity participation type” contract in which both producers and buyers can participate. In other words, it is a model in which part of the fish farm is produced in a way that meets the conditions of the buyer, and part is produced by the producer. This study aims to establish the basic contract trading process. It provides an academic approach to prevent adverse selection and moral hazard due to information asymmetry. It also provides an idea to converge the aquaculture industry with the financial industry using Pecking Order theory. By doing so, we have made it possible for venture capitalists to invest with confidence and provided a process for investors to resolve their concerns, paving the way for the aquaculture industry and the financial industry to develop together.

Conventional aquaculture faces declining productivity, shifting to recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), known for minimizing water usage and maintaining consistent water temperatures for year-round fish growth. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a globally important cold-water species and the third most farmed fish in inland waters of Korea, valued for its fecundity and rapid growth. Dissolved oxygen, an important environmental factor affecting fish production and economics, highlights the need for smart aquaculture practices. Since 2018, the rise of intelligent aquaculture platforms, incorporating information and communications technology (ICT), emphasizes the essential role of RAS implementation. This eight-week study aimed to determine the optimal dissolved oxygen concentration for rainbow trout in RAS, utilizing a device for continuous monitoring, control and record. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were set at 5-6 mg/L, 9-10 mg/L, 14-15 mg/L and 17-18 mg/L. The growth rate significantly decreased at 5-6 mg/L, with no significant differences in other experimental groups. In hematological analysis, growth hormone (GH) was significantly highest at 5-6 mg/L, followed by 9-10 mg/L while Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was significantly lowest at 5-6 mg/L. In conclusion, the optimal dissolved oxygen concentration for rainbow trout in RAS is approximately 9-10 mg/L. Higher concentrations do not contribute to further growth or profitability.

In this paper, among the various facilities used in marine farming, young bivalves of the Mytilus galloprovincialis of marine farming was placed on the deck of the fishing vessel to evaluate the environment conditions and drive shaft movement by rolling affecting the separator for the young bivalves and a clean process. There were a few studies on stress analysis of development facilities because it was difficult to access the fishing site due to the use of imported equipment and the lack of development of domestic equipment. In this study, stress analysis of the fixed part of separator for young bivalves and its adjacent part was performed on various phases when the vessel was tilted by rolling using the finite element method. In addition, the structural safety of the internal blade under the driving conditions according to the movement of the drive shaft by the hydraulic motor was confirmed through structural analysis. As a result, the connection part between the deck and the separator by rolling was confirmed to have higher stress than that of other parts due to stress concentration. In addition, it was confirmed that the maximum stress occurred on the connection part between blades. Even though the safety of the separator for marine farming was confirmed by structural analysis, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the age of vessels, the material of the deck, and the corrosion of the deck.