This study examined the quality characteristics of 10 different lines of native peppers collected from organic farms in Chungbuk province. The study found a strong correlation between the redness (a*) and ASTA values, which both contribute to the perceived quality of peppers. The highest values were observed in the Iyugsa line. The content of capsaicinoid and beta-carotene also showed a positive correlation, with Chilsungcho having the highest statistically significant value. While the total polyphenol content did not correlate with the other indicators, Chilsungcho again had the highest levels. The Yuwolcho line exhibited the highest ABTS radical scavenging ability, while the Eumseongcho line showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging ability. Taking into account the overall bioactivity quality, Chilsungcho had the highest values in terms of total polyphenol, beta-carotene, capsaicinoid, and redness. It also had the second highest total flavonoid content, ABTS, and DPPH radical scavenging activity, all statistically significant. Therefore, Chilsungcho can be considered an excellent choice when considering physiological activity. Furthermore, this study provides valuable information about the unique characteristics of these 10 native pepper lines, which can assist in selecting the appropriate pepper for food manufacturing and serve as a helpful resource for future research.

낫또(natto)는 일본의 전통 콩 발효식품으로 혈전용해, 면역증강, 항고혈압, 항비만, 항균, 항산화, 항당뇨등의 다양한 효과를 가지고 있어 소비가 점차 증가하고 있다. 그러나, 낫또용으로 이용되는 콩 품종의 성숙 종실에는 소화 불량, 알러지 유발 및 가공 적성을 저하시키는 P34, lectin, Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor (KTI), 7S α′subunit 및 lipoxygenase 단백질과 같은 항영양성분도 포함되어져 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 이러한 성분에 대하여 penta null 유전자형(p34leticgy1lox1lox2lox3)을 가지면서 종자 크기가 중소립이고 노란색 종피와 제색이 노란 또는 옅은 갈색을 가진 낫또용 콩 계통을 육성하기 위하여 진행되었다. 64 및 22C1 모본과의 교배를 통하여 제색이 노란 및 옅은 갈색이면서 종자 크기가 소립인 81개의 F2 종자가 선발되었고 그 중에서, P34 단백질 함량이 매우 낮은 18개의 F2 종자가 선발되었다. 18개의 F2 종자로부터 초형, 성숙기, 종피색, 제색 및 백립중이 양호한 2개의 F2 개체(BL1 및 BL2)가 최종 선발되었다. BL1 선발 개체의 성숙기는 중간이었고 종피색은 노란색이며 제색은 연한 갈색을 보였고 백립중은 12.4g으로 소립이었다. BL2 선발 개체는 성숙기가 조생이었고 종피색과 제색은 모두 노란색은 보였으며 백립중은 12.6g으로 소립이었다. 선발된 두 개체는 모두 대표적인 항영양성분인 P34, lectin, KTI, 7S α′subunit 및 lipoxygenase 단백질에 대하여 모두 열성인 penta null 유전자형(p34leticgy1lox1lox2lox3)을 가진 것으로 확인되었다. 선발 개체는 낫또용 콩 품종으로 육성될 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

The genus Desmodesmus (Chodat) S.S. An, T. Friedl & E. Hegewald is ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems, such as rivers, ponds, and wetlands. The actual species diversity and distribution of the genus is unknown because of morphological plasticity affected by habitats. Currently, 38 Desmodesmus species have been reported in Korea most of which transferred from the genus Scenedesmus recently, however, no phylogenetic relationships have been studied yet. Despite the challenges in analyzing relationships among Desmodesmus species through the morphology, ecology, and original description, this study focused on examining species-level relationships using the FBCC culture strains isolated from Korea. A total of 299 sequences (66 of 18S rRNA, 47 of atpB, 67 of petA, 52 of rbcL, and 67 of tufA) were newly determined and used for phylogenetic analysis. Four plastid genes tend to have higher variation than 18S rRNA in the variable sites and P-distance. From the combined phylogeny, the Desmodesmus included six clades such as Clade-1: D. pseudoserratus and D. serratus, Clade-2: D. communis, D. dispar, D. maximus, D. pannonicus, unidentified Desmodesmus sp., Clade-3: D. bicaudatus and D. intermedius, Clade-4: D. microspina, D. multivariablis, D. pleiomorphus, D. subspicatus, Clade-5: D. abundans, D. kissii, and D. spinosus, and Clade-6: D. armatus, D. armatus var. longispina, D. opoliensis, unidentified Desmodesmus spp. The new sequence data from FBCC strains will be used to identify species and study the molecular ecology of scenedesmacean green algae in freshwater ecosystems. The phylogenetic information from this study will expand our understanding of Desmodesmus species diversity in Korea.

To identify some significant phenotypic characteristics of maize(zea mays) seeds, we have obtained Red, Green, Blue(RGB) digital image data from 82 recombinant inbred lines. Based on the collected image data, their morphological and color data were analyzed, and seven significant parameters were selected, including area, perimeter, length, width, circularity, roundness, and surface texture. The extracted RGB data were converted into color hex codes to visualize the representative colors of the seeds. These visualized colors were categorized into six groups: gray, yellowish white, yellow, grayish orange, purple, and brown. The results of maize seed phenotypic analysis using the RGB digital images in this study will serve as a useful tool for constructing a database of seed phenotyping database and establishing a standardized classification system.

This study was conducted to assess the genetic variability and correlation of phenotypic characteristics in 12 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes including 11 WorldVeg and one commercial variety (Pusa Ruby) in Terai (plain) region of Nepal in 2021–2022. This experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The phenotypic traits, including days to 50% flowering, plant vigor and height, fruit number/plant, fruit yield, fruit weight and diameter, fruit firmness and fruit pericarp thickness, and total soluble solids (TSS) content of the fruits, were studied. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits except for plant vigor. The genotype of AVTO1705 resulted the highest fruit yield (2.9 kg/plant) than Pusa Ruby, a commercial check (0.5 kg/plant). The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits and PCV values were maximum for the number of fruits, fruit yield, and fruit weight. High PCV, GCV, and genetic advance (GA) were observed for yield, fruit weight, and plant height, respectively, indicating the additive gene effect. High heritability for fruit yield/plant and plant height inferred the phenotypic selection for their genetic improvement. Fruit yield was significantly (P<0.05) positively correlated with the fruit number and fruit weight, and direct selection of these traits are reliable for yield improvement in tomato.

Recently, with the increasing global demand for Ganoderma lucidum as a material for functional beverages, varieties with enhanced functionality are needed. As part of this effort, 10 strains were selected from a collection of 160 G. lucidum strains, based on their quantity and fruiting body characteristics. These included four strains collected in Korea, three in Japan, and three of unknown origin. Approximately 44% of the 1,290 hybrid strains were secured. After two rounds of bag cultivation in oak sawdust, three strains (G-20-4, G-20-5, and G-20-7) were ultimately selected for single-timbered cultivation. Among these, G-20-4 demonstrated the earliest harvesting with a large size and a bright cap. Additionally, this strain exhibited the highest levels of total glucan, β-glucan, total triterpenoid, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid content.

콩 종실에는 레시틴, 아이소플라본, 사포닌, 루테인, 안토시아닌 및 플라보노이드와 같은 생리활성 성분과 약 40%의 단백질이 들어 있어 최근 식물성 대체 단백질의 주요 재료로 이용성이 점차 증가되고 있다. 그러나 lipoxygenase, Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor (KTI), lectin, 7Sα′subunit 단백질 및 stachyose와 같은 알레르기를 유발시키고 품질 및 기능성을 저하시키는 성분들도 존재한다. 본 연구는 갈색 종피와 penta null 유전자형 (lox1lox2lox3tilecgy1rs2)을 가져 성숙 종실에서 lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin 및 7Sα′subunit의 4가지 단백질이 모두 없으면서 stachyose의 함량이 매우 낮은 콩 계통을 육성하기 위하여 진행되었다. 5개의 자원을 이용하여 창성된 육종집단으로부터 갈색 종피와 penta null 유전자형을 가진 6개의 F2 종자가 선발되었다. 농업형질이 양호한 계통을 선발하여 F7 계통에서 lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin 및 7Sα' subunit의 4가지 단백질에 대한 부재를 확인하였다. 선발계통은 갈색종피와 자주색 꽃 및 유한신육형이며 배꼽색은 흰색이고 성숙 자엽색은 노란색이었다. 선발계통의 경장은 68cm 정도이며 백립중은 29.2g으로 대립이었고 stachyose의 함량은 3.8g/kg으로 매우 낮았으며 수량은 2.75ton/ha 정도였다. 선발된 계통은 성숙 콩 종실에서 콩 가공적성과 품질 및 기능성을 저하시키는 lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin 및 7Sα′subunit의 4가지 단백질이 모두 없으면서 난소화성 당으로 알려진 stachyose의 함량이 매우 낮은 유색콩 품종 및 중간모본으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

세계적 선박 배출가스 저감에 대한 규제로 인해 항만 및 부두에서 육상전원공급장치(AMP, Alternative Marine Power)가 지속 적으로 사용되고 있다. 국내 또한 항만 대기질 개선 특별법에 따라 AMP의 사용이 의무화되고 있고, 다양한 친환경선박과 연계하여 활 용하도록 지속적인 시도를 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 AMP를 통해 선내 전력을 공급하는 상황을 모델링 하여 AC Load Flow Analysis를 수행하였다. 이를 통해 선박에 전력이 공급될 때의 전기적 파라미터와 손실 등에 대해서 분석할 수 있다. 아울러 Transient Stability Analysis를 통해 계통의 사고 발생 시 선내 발전기를 통한 무정전전환에 대한 HSGT(High Speed Generation Transfer)의 한계값을 도출하고 이를 적용하였을 경우 결과에 대해 검토하였다.

This study compared the antioxidant and mineral properties of the leaves and seeds of fifteen Korean adzuki bean (Vigna angularis L.) breeding lines. This study was conducted in an attempt to expand the use of Korean adzuki bean leaves. The potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium contents of the leaves were significantly higher than the seeds, in particularly, the potassium content. The leaves had approximately 3.3 times higher potassium content than the seeds. For instance, the potassium content of YA1317 leaves was 21% higher than that of Arari. The total polyphenol content and ABTS activity of Adzuki bean leaves were significantly higher than the seeds, as opposed to the total flavonoid content and DPPH scavenging activity. Among the 15 breeding lines, YA1402 had 1.2~3.2 times higher antioxidant content and activity as compared to the Arari variety. It was concluded that adzuki bean leaves had higher mineral content, antioxidant component and activity as compared to the seeds. Therefore, adzuki bean leaves could be used an ingredient for dishes and as a medicine.

The germination characteristics of the resting cysts of Pheopolykrikos hartmannii collected from the southern coastal sediments of Korea were studied at different temperature conditions, and the morphology and phylogeny of the germlings were examined. The resting cysts of Ph. hartmannii were round and characterized by a red accumulation body and many arrow-like spines and could germinate at temperature of 10 to 30°C. High germination rates (>90%) were observed at 15 and 20°C, indicating that the resting cysts could act as seed populations for the bloom initiation of Ph. hartmannii in Korean coastal waters in early summer or early fall. The morphology of the germlings was generally consistent with the previous description, and an apical groove characterized by a fully enclosed loop was observed. Phylogenetic analysis based on large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA gene sequences revealed that the germlings shared an identical sequence with the Korean and American isolates of Ph. hartmannii and was a sister clade of Polykrikos species.

국립원예특작과학원에서 2016년 거베라 신품종 ‘샤이핑크 (Shy Pink)’를 육성하였다. ‘Shy Pink’는 2008년 10월부터 2008년 11월까지 녹색 화심의 분홍색 반겹꽃 ‘프리존’과 갈 색 화심의 살구색 반겹꽃 ‘아틸리아’를 교배하여 획득한 실생 72개체 중에서 2009년부터 2016년까지 생육 및 개화특성검 정을 거쳐 선발한 절화용 대륜 거베라 품종이다. ‘샤이핑크 (Shy Pink)’는 화형이 안정적인 갈색 화심의 연분홍색(RHS R49A) 반겹꽃 대륜계 품종이다. 꽃은 평균 직경이 12.4cm이 고, 내부설상화와 화반의 직경은 각각 7.2cm와 2.3cm이다. 외부설상화의 길이와 폭은 각각 6.0cm와 1.2cm로 꽃잎이 좁은 도란형이다. 꽃대 직경은 상부 6.1mm, 중부 7.0mm 정 도로 강건하며, 꽃대의 길이는 48.9cm이다. 절화수명은 12.1 일로 대조구인 ‘하모니(Harmony)’ 12.0일로 유사하였지만 절 화수명이 길며, 연간 채화량은 52.8본/주로 다수성 품종이다.

Climatologists have warned rapid climate change of the earth and it will cause a big disaster worldwide. the rapid climate change is mostly due to emission of greenhouse gases. To reduce greenhouse gases, many countries have prepared protocols, agreements, and treaties. IMO(International Maritime Organization) have established the protocol to decrease ship’s greenhouse gases emission and they consider the nuclear power source is an option to replace fossils fuels. Our study focused on elemental technologies related to a nuclear powered ship and, the passive residual heat removal system(PRHRS) is one of topics in our study. As the mandatory of the post Fukushima accident, PRHRS for a nuclear powered ship has been studied. We invented the new concepts of PRHRS which is optimized to a nuclear powered ship. The numerical analysis results indicated that the system is very reasonable. Based on the numerical analysis, an experiential loop was set and we preliminary tested the performance of the system under the reduced scale. The experimental results came with the numerical analysis results well.