이 연구의 목적은 한국인과 싱가포르인의 환갑잔치에서 사용하는 비언 어적 표현을 사회적 변수(성별, 연령별)에 의한 사회언어학적 방법과 공 통점⋅차이점을 대조언어학적 방법으로 고찰하는 것이다. 먼저 상대방이 윗사람인 경우, 전체 공통점은 크게 없지만 차이점은 사회⋅문화적인 정 서가 반영된 결과로 한국인은 정중한 인사(56.2%)를, 싱가포르인은 shake hands(43.4%)을 가장 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 성별 공 통점은 없지만 양국이 사회⋅정서적 배경이 다르므로 한국인의 남자가 정중한 인사(60.7%)를, 싱가포르인 남자는 shake hands(40.2%)를, 한국 인 여자가 정중한 인사(51.4%)를, 싱가포르인 여자는 shake hands (46.6%)를 사용해 차이를 보였다. 연령별 공통점은 한국인은 연령층이 높을수록 전형적인 ‘정중한 인사’를, 싱가포르인도 격식적인 ‘shake hands(악수)’를, 한국인과 싱가포르인의 젊은 층에서 다양한 종류의 비 언어적 표현을 사용한다는 점이다. 반면 차이점은 연령에 상관없이 한국 인은 정중한 인사(56.2%)를, 싱가포르인은 shake hands(43.4%)를 가장 많이 사용한다는 점이다.

기존의 연령별 얼굴정서 인식 비교 연구에서는 정서별로 연령 간에 어떤 차이가 있는지 밝혔다. 이에 Kim(2021) 연구에서는 개별 정서가 아닌 정서공간에서 표상된 정서를 연령 간 비교하였다는 점에서 의의가 있으나, 기술적 (descriptive) 비교만 시행하였을 뿐, 통계적 유의미 검증을 하지 않았다는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 표상 유사성 분석(representational similarity analysis) 방법을 통해 연령간 실제 데이터 및 정서 모델 유사성행렬을 직접적으로 비교하였다. 또한 개인차 다차원척도법(individual differences multidimensional scaling)을 통해 연령간 정서 차원에 대한 비중을 비교하였다. 그 결과 실제 데이터 비교에서 노년 집단은 청년 및 중년 집단과 가장 유사하지 않았으며, 쾌불쾌 차원이 포함된 정서 모델과의 유사성 비교에서도 가장 유사하지 않았다. 또한 노년 집단은 각성 차원에 대한 비중이 청년 및 중년 집단과 유사하지 않음이 발견되었다. 본 연구는 실제 데이터, 정서 모델, 그리고 정서 차원 비중이라는 세 가지 측정치에 대해 노년 집단과 청년 및 중년 집단과의 차이를 통계적으로 검증하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

목적 : 본 연구는 통계청에서 시행한 2004, 2009, 2014년 ‘생활시간조사’의 행동분류를 작업영역에 따라 분류한 후, 연령 및 년도 별로 한국인의 각 작업영역에 따른 시간사용량 변화를 비교하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : ‘2004, 2009, 2014년 생활시간조사’의 원자료 중 10세 이상인 대상자 각각 31,634, 20,263, 26,988명의 시간사용량을 이용하였다. 연령은 10대에서부터 80대까지 10년 주기로 구분하였고 작업치료 실행체계(Occupational Therapy Practice Framework; OTPF)의 작업영역에 따라 원자료의 행동을 재 분류하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 2004년부터 2014년 동안 시간사용량의 변화를 연령대 별로 살펴보면 10대에서는 ‘놀이’, ‘사회참 여’, ‘휴식’이 증가하였고 20대에서는 ‘교육’시간이 증가한 반면, ‘일’과 ‘여가’시간은 감소했다. 40대와 50 대에서는 주중 ‘일’시간은 증가했고, 주말 ‘여가’시간은 증가했다. 60대 이상의 경우 전반적으로 ‘여가’시 간이 증가하였으나 TV시청과 같은 정적인 활동이 대부분이었다. 결론 : 본 연구 결과를 통하여 연령대 별 작업영역에서의 시간사용량에 차이가 있었다는 것과 2004년부터 2014년에 이르는 동안 시간사용량의 변화가 있음을 파악하였다. 이러한 결과는 작업치료에서 클라이언 트의 작업수행시간을 재배치할 때 비교자료로 활용이 가능하고 최근의 동향을 분석하여 주기적으로 반 영하는 것이 필요함을 시사한다.

목 적: 20대 이후 성인의 연령에 따른 시기능의 변화를 이해하고자 하였다. 방 법: 눈의 이상 질환과 전신질환이 없는 성인 남녀 200명의 우세안을 기준으로 시기능 요소를 조절타 깃(근점봉), PD자, 그리고 포롭터를 사용하여 3회 반복 검사하였다. 결 과: 전체 연령 평균은 39.57±11.41세이고 남자 131명 39.56±10.50세, 여자 69명 39.58±13.06세이 었다. 우안 우세안은 168명(84%), 좌안 우세안은 32명(16%)으로 나타났다. 우세안에서 안구돌출도 13.62±1.07 mm, 근시도 –2.48±1.91 D, 원거리 외사위 3.51±1.78 Δ, 근거리 외사위 5.73±2.44 Δ, 폭주 근점 9.63±2.82 cm 그리고 조절근점 21.73±10.28 cm로 나타났다. 연령에 따른 원거리 외사위, 근거리 외 사위, 안구돌출도는 유의하게 증가하였고 폭주근점, 조절근점, 원거리 내사위도는 유의하게 감소하였다. 근 거리 내사위도는 연령증가에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 유의성은 없었다. 근시, 난시, 나안시력은 연령 의 증가와는 관련성은 보이지 않았다. 결 론: 연령이 증가할수록 원거리 외사위, 원거리 내사위, 근거리 외사위, 폭주근점, 조절근점 그리고 안 구돌출도는 증가하였다. 반면 근거리 내사위는 감소하였고, 근시, 난시 그리고 나안시력은 연령에 관계없이 전체적으로 고른 분포를 보였다.

Jeon Ji-eun. 2014. A Study on Key Words Analysis according to Social Variables of Gender and Age using Sejong Korean Spoken corpus. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(1). This study shows how a key words and key clusters analysis offers an empirical data of the significant characteristics in social variables of gender and age based on Sejong spoken corpus. “Key words” is a term for statistically significant lexical items which are most frequent in a given corpus compared with other corpus as a reference (Scott 1999). We also extend the keyness concept to word combinations, clusters which are found repeatedly together in each others' company, in sequence. We use the KeyWords facility in WordSmith tools (Scott 2012) which has been used in several studies as means for describing the characteristics of social variables. We extract (1) the male and female key words/key clusters in public and private speech, (2) the 20s and over 30s key words/key clusters in public and private speech. Therefore, we found that these empirical investigations verify the lexical saliency of utterance by gender and age. The gender key words show more prominent features than age key words. Moreover, The key words analysis is more efficient than key clusters analysis in sociolinguistic studies. This study is illustrative of the potentiality of the corpus-based research on social differentiation in the use of language.

The object of this research is to analyze and classify the preference on Korean traditional desserts by age groups. More women than men were observed to have a healthy diet. In addition, with regards to age, children and young people were founf to have a healthier diet than the median age. Women showed a preference for dessert more so than men. Both men and women showed to eat dessert when reminded, and the young, as well as middle-aged were found to eat dessert often. Korea sign a survey on the traditional dessert, like rice cake, were the preference for women, whereas men were fixated in soft drinks, fruit punch and Schisandra chinensis fruit punch with Rhododendron. Young people liked rice cakes, while the median age liked chajongryu hangwaryu. In soft drinks, fruit punch and watermelon Sikhye was preferred by two of the young, while the middle-aged preferred baesuk and Schisandra chinensis fruit punch.

The purpose of this study was to assess the consumption patterns of Makoli and to provide age-specific suggestions to increase the popularity of newly developed products. The subjects of the study were 373 men and 329 women, and information was obtained by self-administered questionnaire in December of 2010. One major finding of the study was that regardless of gender, consumption of Makoli was correlated to age: older respondents drank more Makoli. Those in their thirties and older, especially women, drank Makoli at home with family. The reasons given for liking or disliking Makoli differed among age groups, but were the same between genders. More subjects in their twenties liked Makoli because of its distinctive taste, while more in their forties liked it for its cultural value. Subjects in their thirties disliked it because it caused headaches, while more in their forties complained of burping. Both genders in their twenties suggested that TV and internet advertisements may be the best strategy to increase the popularity of newly developed Makoli products, and women in their forties suggested promoting Makoli’s health benefits. The low calorie content of new Makoli products appealed to women of all age groups and men in their twenties and thirties. Women in their forties were also attracted by Makoli’s possible effect to alleviate constipation.

A survey of consumer awareness and attitudes was conducted about genetically modified (GM) foods and the labeling regulations. The questionnaires were distributed to 4,620 consumers who lived in a variety of areas in Korea, and 4,076 people responded. The consumers were asked about knowledge, labeling information, and the source of obtaining information about GM foods. More than 11.5% of the consumers had never heard about GM foods and 86.9% of consumers had less than a normal level of knowledge about GM foods. No statistically significant relationship was found between genders, but the teachers group had moderate knowledge (p<0.001). In total, 28.4% of consumers did not know the GMO labeling regulations. They answered that the reason to buy GM food was do not know>nothing wrong>create benefit>think as safe>inexpensive. The answers to the question of what was the first benefit were: solve food shortage>functional and nutritious food>cultivate in bad condition>nothing>various cultivars. They answered that the worst factor was the next generation effect>environmental disruption. Regarding the development of GM food in Korea, males answered do not know>stronglyrecommend>defer>strongly suppress. Female answered: don't know>defer>strongly recommend>strongly suppress. More than half of the respondents did not have much information about GM foods; 88.3% of respondents answered they did not have educational experience about GM food.

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics within ages and freezing tolerance of spermatozoa in Jindo Dog. Experimental animals were selected 12 herds within 1～8 year’s old and collected semen for 2 times in a week. Collected semen was evaluated whole volume and sperm number with CASA system (SIAS, Medical Supply, Korea). Then seminal plasma were separated and diluted with modified Tris-egg yolk extender and added 4, 6 and 8% glycerol for 4 times to final concentration and equilibrated for 1.5 hrs. Before and after freezing, equilibrated semen were evaluated the survival rates. Total volume of sperm at 1～2 year old group is as 5.2×108 cells/ ml largest and there were no significance among groups. The motility of 1～2 year old group is highest as 90.9% and there were significance among groups. Abnormal sperm showed similar among groups. The survival rate in terms of pre-freezing and post-freezing were decreased all levels of glycerol and reveled 87.0% to 64.5% in 4%, 87.5% to 51.9% in 6% and 73.4% to 29.7% in 8%, there were significant difference among the groups (p<0.05). These results suggest that the optimal sperm-freezing methods in Jindo Dog are utilized with modified Tris egg-yolk extender with 4% glycerol and were improve the reproductive activity by these methods.

Somatotype is a very important factor for the comfortable and safe work environments. Many researches are trying to find the characteristics of somatotype according to age. Thus, the main objective of this study is to analyze somatotype of male residents in Seoul. The data used in this study included 267 men subjects who are living in Seoul. In order to analyze a detailed somatotype of citizens, age groups are divided into six groups. In order to compare and analyze data, Coefficient of Variance, Cronbach's Alpha, Rohrer Index and Drop Value were used in this study. The results of this study can be applied to the comfortable and safe work environments for workers.

To investigate of the perception and using behavior by age of tofu, 46.3% of male and 53.7% of female about 700 adults in Daegu and kyungbuk area were surveyed. 96.4% of the participants usually preferred the tofu owing to health and 68.4% of them had purchased tofu made of domestic soybean. In addition, the responses to 7 questions about the tofu were also measured on 5 point Likert scale. The item "Tofu is healthy food" was totally received the high point but "Tofu prevents osteoporosis" earned the lowest. Most participants relatively knew and had eaten common tofu, soft bean curd, uncurdled bean curd, fried bean curd against functional tofu such as tofu added with omija, surimi, spinach, etc. But they intended to eat functional tofu such as tofu added with green tea, black sesame, spinach, omija. Furthermore, 60.7% replied "increasing" prospects for the tofu consumption. 40.0% of adults said the plan should be "Make of good quality domestic soybean" for the purpose of better improvement to consume.

This study was performed by questionnaire to investigate current use of native local foods of adults in Gyeongju classified by age. The subjects were consisted of 421 citizens(217 males and 204 females) living in Gyeongju. The findings are summarized as follows: 'Institute' scored high as 30.6% in the main responsible body for the succession of local foods. The most emphasized points to popularize the local foods was to 'taste'(36.4%). a point to be considered to develop tourism product of the local foods was to 'development of recipes acceptable to the people of today'(24.6%). The recognition rate score of native local foods of Gyeonngju area was 'Hwangnamppang', 'Hanjeongsik', 'Ssambap', 'Haejangguk', 'Hoe(Gampo)', 'Memilmukmuchim', 'Gyodongbeopju', and 'Yugoa' in the order. On the other hand, the recognition rate score for 'Ssukgulrei', 'Borisudan', 'Dalraikkakdugi', 'Hwanggeumju', 'Baesuk', 'Gyeojachae', 'Gungjungjeongol' was very low. The preferred and intake native local foods of Gyeongju area was 'Hanjeongsik', 'Ssambap', 'Hoe(Gampo)', 'Haejangguk', 'memilmukmuchim' in that other. On the other hand, the preference for 'Ssukgulrei' 'Borisudan', 'Hwanggeumju', 'Baesuk' and 'Dalraikkakdugi' was very low.

본 조사에서는 안질환이 없는 남녀 130명(남자 63명， 여자 67 명)을 대상으로 누진 렌즈 처방이 가능한 40세 이상의 환자를 굴절이상도와 근용 가입도를 측정하여 연령 별 · 직업별 누진굴절력 렌즈 안경의 착용 적응도를 조사하였다. 조사대상자들의 굴절 상태 분포는 정시자 35 명 (26.9%) ， 근시자 28명 (21.5%) ， 원시자 33 명 (25.4%)， 혼합난시 30명 (23.1%), 기 타 4 명 (3 .1%)으로 나타났으며 , 근용 가입 도의 분포를 보면 +1.00D 미 만이 4명 (3.1%), +1.00-+ 1.50D는 44병 (33.8%), +1.75-+2.25D가 42명 (32.3%), +2.50- +3.00D는 40 명 (30.8%) 으로 조사되 었다. 누진 렌즈를 처 방받은 환자들의 착용 적 응도 조사결과는 10 일 미 만이 32 명 (24.6%), 10-20 일 미만이 52 명 (40.0%) ， 20-30 일 미만이 23 명(17.7%) ， 30-40 일 미만이 15명 (11.5%) 그리 고 적 응실 패 는 8명 (6.2%)으로 나타났다. 직 업 별 착용 적 응도는 20 일 미 만까지 목사 100.0%, 교육직 78.6%, 예술가 85.7%, 사무직 64.6%, 주부 48.5%로 조사 되었으며 적응실패자도 6.2%로 나타났다