이 연구의 목적은 유로폴 및 인터폴이 제안한 법집행에 미치는 ChatGPT 영향과 책임 있는 사용을 위한 공고안을 비교하여 분석하고, 경찰을 비롯 한 한국 법집행기관들의 책임 있는 ChatGPT 사용을 위한 적용방안을 도 출하기 위한 것이다. OpenAI 회사가 개발한 ChatGPT의 출시와 사용은 그 가능성과 함께 한 계를 노출하고 있다. 또한, 범죄자나 악의적인 사용자가 자신들의 비도덕적 인 목적을 위해 ChatGPT를 악용할 수 있기 때문에 사회적 위험도 크다. 사기, 사칭, 사회공학, 사이버범죄, 허위정보활동 등의 악용이 나타나고 있 다. 한편, 인터폴은 법집행기관들이 법집행에 ChatGPT 활용을 하고 있고, 그 활용분야로는 번역, 텍스트 데이터 분석, 사기범죄 탐지, 교육훈련, 피 해자 지원, 수사 연구, 가상 비서 등의 업무라고 한다. 인터폴은 유로폴의 도입을 위한 초기적 권고보다 더 구체화하여 법집행기 관이 적극적 준비를 잘 하고 공익을 위해 사용되게 해야 한다고 강조했다. 그러기 위해서 기술 연계, 표준수사절차 마련, 표준화된 교육훈련, 선진기 술 스캐닝 및 예측, 명확한 규칙 제정, 책임 있는 사용 등 대단히 구체적 인 실행방안까지 권고하고 있다. 이 논문의 연구방법으로는 유로폴과 인터폴의 권고사항을 비교해 보고, 관 련 연구들을 문헌연구를 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과 한국 법집행에 대한 적용방안 시사점을 도출하였다. 우선 일반 사회의 악용 및 범죄 예방 시사점으로 범죄피해 방지 대책 추진, 범죄예방 홍보, 거버넌스 구축 및 규제 추진을 제안하였다. 그리고 한국 법집행기관에의 적용방안 시사점으로 ChatGPT 전문가 그룹을 구성하여 연구 추진, 책임 있는 사용을 위한 원칙 수립, 법률 및 규칙 제정, ChatGPT 도입 및 워크북 제작, 전문화 교육훈련 등을 제안하였다. 이 연구를 시작으로 일반 사회에서 ChatGPT 악용 및 범죄피해를 예방하고, 경찰 등 법집행기관들이 적극적인 사용을 하는 계기가 되기를 바란다. 하지만, 이 연구의 제안은 아직 논의단계이며 전문적인 내용은 매우 미흡 한 수준이다. 더 세부적이고 전문적인 논의를 법집행기관과 전문가들이 함 께 모여서 해야 할 것이다.

A spiral flow path was applied to solve the problem of the existing straight flow path in the leveling shaft, a key component of the self-levelizer that can maintain the height according to the change in payload in EV, SUV. In this study, flow analysis was performed to check the velocity, pressure drop, and flow direction of oil according to the main operating conditions of the leveling shaft with a spiral flow path. As a result of the study, a leveling shaft with a spiral flow path is likely to improve fluid properties around the orifice and inlet valve under compression conditions, and it is judged to have a development application effect.

A microfluidic pump is a key component to controllably actuate fluids in Lab on a chip devices. To overcome technical issues of a diaphragm-type pump, a valveless nozzle-diffuser type pump was developed by utilizing the different flow resistance to control a dominant flow direction by means of diaphragm actuation. In this work, based on the operating mechanism of the nozzle-diffuser type pump, we propose a new concept of a valveless pump which can generate asymmetric flow through a pump chamber. In the proposed valveless pump, asymmetric flow path structures play a role of a nozzle-diffuser installed to a pump chamber. To validate the concept of the proposed valveless pump, we conducted CFD simulations for different geometries of the flow path structures. Based on the CFD simulations, we found that the dominant flow direction can be selectively manipulated by the pump actuation and an optimal shape of the asymmetric flow path structure was proposed to maximize the net mass flow rate through the pump chamber.

This paper studies the flow characteristics inside the low-temperature carbonization(LTF) including sealing chamber with labyrinth. The flow behavior inside the furnace was analyzed according to different labyrinth shapes. The effects of labyrinth baffle number, and clearance between upper and lower baffles in the sealing chamber were investigated. The large vortex and stagnation region are generated in the chamber when the gap between the baffle and baffle is small. As a result, the gas discharge flow rate can be increased by 29.4% when the flow space of labyrinth is made 75% of the baffle length.

The improvement of heat transfer in water cooling passage of lithium-ion battery is numerically studied by employing trapezoidal vortex generators. Battery Design StudioⓇ software is used for modeling electro-chemical heat generation in the battery. The conjugated heat transfer is analyzed with the commercial package STAR-CCM+ in terms of inlet flow velocities. The result shows that vortex generator enhances the convective heat transfer by developing thermal boundary layers and secondary flows in downstream, which results in reducing the average temperature of the battery by about 1℃. The heat transfer is enhanced for the whole inlet velocity, while the pressure loss sharply increases at more than inlet velocity of 0.1m/s. The optimum inlet velocity is around 0.1m/s for in terms of the heat transfer and pressure loss.

The 3-way valve have been used as a valve for opening and closing the valve by the flow control in the pressure system of the cryogenic and high pressure environment. In this paper, numerical analysis and experimental study on fracture nipple of 3-way ultra high pressure valve applied to space launch vehicle was carried out. We have developed a 3-way valve numerical simulation modeler of cryogenic environment using commercial software ANSYS 18.2. As results of numerical analysis, optimum nipple condition was derived. In addition, a 3-way valve prototype was fabricated and the fracture test was performed and compared with the numerical analysis results.

Bird screen meshes are installed at the air inlet and outlet ducts of spent fuel storage casks to inhibit the intrusion of debris from the external environment. The presence of these screens introduces an additional resistance to air flow through the ducts. In this study, a porous media model was developed to simplify the bird screen meshes. CFD analyses were used to derive and verify the flow resistance factors for the porous media model. Thermal analyses were carried out for concrete storage cask using the porous media model. Thermal tests were performed for concrete casks with bird screen meshes. The measured temperatures were compared with the analysis results for the porous model. The analysis results agreed well with the test results. The analysis temperatures were slightly higher than the test temperatures. Therefore, the reliability and conservatism of the analysis results for the porous model have been verified.

미세유로는 농식품 분야에서 기존 기술의 단점을 보완할 기술로 주목받고 있다. 미세유로는 나노 또는 마이크로 크 기의 유로를 이용하여 극도로 작은 부피의 유체를 다루는 기술을 말하는 것으로, 의료진단, 생물학적 분석, 신약 개발, 화학물질 합성, 생명공학, 유전자 염기서열 해독 등에서 활발하게 사용되고 있다. 미세유로를 이용할 경우 분석장치 등의 부피를 소형화할 수 있으며 운전비용과 분석시간을 절감할 수 있다. 미세유로는 최근 들어 농식품 분야에서도 활발하게 연구되고 있으며, 이 기술을 이용할 경우 분석 또는 가공 과정의 자동화를 실현시킬 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 미세유로의 원리와, 유체제어, 농식품 분야에서의 활용 예, 그리고 향후 연구 전망 등을 조사하였

In this study, we have modeled the rear side of the HVAC diffuser with square prism and tried to investigate the influence of a wake flow by PIV and a numerical analysis using computational fluid dynamics based on steady-state Navier-Stokes equation and standard k-ε model. A commercial CFD program, FLUENT, is used on the analysis. The wake is generated by a square prism, which is installed at the divergent flow. The results show that a fluid are distributed up and down directions of prism, and the recirculation regions are decreased.

The volume of fluid method is applied to study the effects of the gas channel wall contact angle on the removal characteristics of a water slug in a right angle PEMFC gas channel. While maintaining the same GDL surface contact angle, two different contact angle distributions on the control area in the corner region are compared via the water coverage ratio and water volume fraction. The water coverage ratios of the hydrophobic channel corner case mainly show smaller values than that of the hydrophilic case except around 27 ms. The water volume fraction of the hydrophobic corner case is supposed to drop down quickly around 27 ms due to the dynamic movement of the liquid water compared to the hydrophilic case. In overall, the hydrophobic corner case shows better water slug removal characteristics.

This research is to investigate the performance analysis of methanol fuel cell for flow channel with four different types of the channel (Serpentine I, II, Inter-digitated, Parallel) in the fuel cell stack. Velocity, pressure, temperature and density distributions of fluid over the flow domain of the flow channel are numerically calculated for the optimum design of flow channel with uniform inlet velocity. According to better water discharge and mutual gas reaction with low pressure drop and high density difference between inlet and outlet in the flow channel, Serpentine I type is of highest performance of the flow channel shapes in the present methanol fuel cell models.

In this study, we have modeled a subsonic diffuser with rectangular prism and tried to investigate the influence of a turbulent wake flow by numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics based on steady-state Navier-Stokes equation and standard k-ε model. A commercial CFD program, FLUENT, is used on the analysis. The turbulent wake is generated by a rectangular prism, which is installed at the diffuser. Flow Uniformity Showed the best results in the case of AR=1:1 and tended to be uniform in the critical point at Re=8.8×103

This research is to investigate the performance analysis of fuel cell for flow channel with four different types of the channel (Serpentine I, II, Inter-digitated, Parallel) in the fuel cell stack. Velocity, pressure. and temperature distributions of fluid over the flow domain of the flow channel are numerically calculated for the optimum design of flow channel with unifrom inlet velocity. According to the calculations of low pressure drop between inlet and outlet in the flow channel, Serpentine I type is of highest performance of the flow channel shapes in the present fuel cell model.

New therapeutic measure are needed to improve the outcome for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) because OSCC continues to portend a relatively unfavorable prognosis. Recently RNA interference(RNAi) has emerged as an effective method to target specific genes for silencing. Although overexpression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor(uPAR) has been implicated in progression and metastasis of OSCC, the transfection effect of RNAi- uPAR on OSCC has been rarely reported. The purpose of this study were to examine the efficient and specific inhibition of uPAR mRNA and protein expression by siRNA targeting of uPAR through RT-PCR and immunoslot blotting, and to study cell proliferation activity, adhesion, invasion and migration in vitro compared to the controls. In MTT assay, siRNA-uPAR transfected cells showed about 70-80% cell proliferation compared to OSCC cell lines after 2 days. In adhesion assay, siRNA-uPAR transfected cells showed about 20-30% adhesion activity compared to OSCC cell lines, but similar features to those of BSA coated wells. In migration assay, siRNA-uPAR transfected cells showed about 60% migration activity compared to OSCC cell lines, but higher 3.5 folds to those of BSA coated wells. In invasion assay, siRNA-uPAR transfected cells showed about 55% invasive activity compared to parental cell lines. mRNA expression of siRNA-uPAR transfected cells showed about 10-15 % compared to parental cell lines by RT-PCR. Protein expression of siRNA-uPAR transfected cells showed about 25% compared to parental cell lines by ELISA assay. It suggested that RNAi-uPAR tranfection might be used as a potent and specific therapeutic tool for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma, especially in inhibiting invasion and metastasis.

본 실험은 한국에서 여름철 동안 야간 고온이 스프레이국화의 개화기간에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 수행하였다. 2005년 실험결과에 따르면, 단일기간 중 야간 온도가 25°C 이상 지속된 기간은 23.6일로 조사되었고 개화가 지연된 기간은 22일로 조사되었다. 유사한 결과가 2006년에도 조사되었는데, 단일기간 중 야간 온도가 25°C이상 지속된 기간은 23.6일, 개화지연 기간은 23일로 조사되었다. 2007년 결과도 단일기간 중 야간 온도가 25°C 이상 지속된 기간은 31.9일, 개화지연 기간은 31일로 조사되었다. 결론적으로 2005년부터 2007년까지의 결과에 따르면, 스프레이국화 ‘Euro’ 품종에서 야간에 고온과 개화기간지연 사이에 특별한 상관관계가 있을 것으로 추정된다.

This paper describes the structural design and optimization of sinusoidally corrugated web girder by using EUROCODE (EN 1993-1-5). The optimum design methodology and characteristics of the optimal cross-section are discussed. We investigate a shear buckling and the concerned standards for corrugated web and explain the equations to obtain a critical stress according to buckling type. In order to perform optimization, we consider an objective function as minimum weight of the girder and use the constraint functions as slenderness ratio and stresses of flanges as well as corrugated web and deflection. Genetic Algorithm is adopted to search a global optimum solution for this mathematical model. For numerical example, the clamped girder under the concentrated load is considered, while the optimum cross-sectional area and design variables are analyzed. From the results of the adopted example, the optimum design program of the sinusoidally corrugated web girder is able to find the suitable solution which satisfied a condition subject to constraint functions. The optimum design shows the tendency to decrease the cross-sectional area with the yielding strength increase and increase the areas with load increase. Moreover, the corrugated web thickness shows a stable increase concerning the load.

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA) bound to urokinase plasminogen activator receptor(uPAR) expression is strongly correlated with the metastatic potential of various tumors by enhancing ECM degradation through plasminogen and matrix metallopreotease activation. But expression of uPA/uPAR in human malignant salivary gland tumors has been rarely reported. The purpose of this study were to investigate mRNA expression and cytologic concentration of uPAR in SGT cell line compared to various cancer cell lines by RT-PCR and ELISA method, and to study migration and adhesion assay. These results would be to apply the pathogenesis and prognosis of malignant salivary gland tumors. All the cell lines(SGT, HN 4, SCC 25, and HeLA) were cultured under DMEM with 10% FBS at 37℃ in a 5% CO2 incubator. We studied a possible association between mRNA expression and cytosolic concentrations of uPAR in SGT cell line compared to various cancer cell lines using RT-PCR and an enzyme-linked immunoassay( ELISA) method. And also cell adhesion and migration assay were done in all the cell lines. In migration assay SGT cell line was about 2.5-4 folds higher than another cell lines. In adhesion assay SGT cell line was about 1.1-2 folds higher than another cell lines. uPAR cytosolic concentrations of SGT cell line was about 3.4-10 folds by ELISA, while mRNA expression was about 2.5-5 folds by RT-PCR. Oral Scc cell lines showed the lowest value. uPAR protein and mRNA expression were correlated with migration and adhesion assay. From the aboving results, high cytosolic concentrations and mRNA expression of uPAR were correlated with migration and adhesion assay. It suggested that this might be a specific marker for malignant potential of SGT cell line and would be contributed to pathogenesis and prognosis of human salivary gland adenocarcinoma

Tumor cell biological factors, such as urokinase plasminogen activator(uPA) and its inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor- 1(PAI-1) play a role in tumor invasion, metastasis, and proliferation. These factors in patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinoma(Oral SCC) will be evaluated and correlated with clinicopathologic variables. However, relatively rarely has been known in oral squamous cell carcinoma in vivo and in vitro study . The purpose of this study were to investigate the protein expression of uPA and PAI-1 in oral SCC cell lines cell line compared to NHOK and to study migration and adhesion assay. All the cell lines were cultured under KBM bullet kit at 37℃ in a 5% CO2 incubator. We studied a possible association between cytosolic uPA and PA-1 concentrations in oral SCC cell line compared to NHOK using an enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA). Cell adhesion and migration assay were done in all the cell l ines. In migration assay oral SCC cell lines were about 70 folds higher than NHOK. In adhesion assay oral SCC cell line were about 7-12 folds higher than NHOK. uPA cy tosolic concentrations was about 15-19 folds and PAI-1 was 3 to 4.5 folds than that of NHOK. Both uPA and PAI-1 concentrations were correlated with migration and adhesion assay. High cytosolic concentrations o f uPA and PAI-1 were correlated with migration and adhesion assay . It suggested that these markers might be specific for oral SCC cell line and these results would be contributed to treatment and prognosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma.

This study is focused on the channel design of bipolar plate in the electrode of hydrogen gas generator. The characteristics of hydrogen gas generation was studied in view of efficiency of hydrogen gas generation rate and a tendency of gas flow through the riv design of electrode. Since the flow rate and flow pattern of generated gas in the two phase flow system are the most crucial in determining the efficiency of hydrogen gas generator, we adopted the commercial analytical program of COMSOL MultiphysicsTM to calculate the theoretical flow rate of hydrogen gas from the outlet of gas generator and flow pattern of two phase fluid in the electrode. In this study, liquid electrolyte flows into the bipolar plate and decomposed into gas phase, two phase flow simulation is applied to measure the efficiency of hydrogen gas generation.