This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein level and supplementation of protease on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut microflora, intestinal morphology and fecal noxious gas emission in weanling pigs. A total of 240 weaned pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc, 5.82±0.3 kg) were used during 4 weeks in 2 phases (days 0-14, phase 1; and days 15-28, phase 2) feeding program based on age and initial body weight. Pigs were allocated to 2×2 factorial arrangement, including 2 protein levels (HP, high protein; LP, low protein) and 2 protease levels (with or without protease). The average daily gain in the LP treatment (357 g/d) was increased rather than the HP treatment (339 g/d). A greater avarage daily gain was observed in dietary suppiemented protease treatment (358 vs 339 g/d). Average feed intake was greater in the LP treatment (544 g/d) rather than the HP treatment (530 g/d). A greater average daily feed intake was observed in dietary supplemented protease treatment (552 vs 523 g/d). Dry matter and crude protein digestibility were increased in dietary supplemented protease treatment (82.62% and 76.08%, respectively) rather than non-supplemented treatment (81.74% and 75.13%, respectively). Ileal Lactobacillus spp. count increased in dietary supplemented protease treatment (7.42 vs 7.32 log10CFU/g). Emission of H2S was decreased in the LP treatment (4.41 ppm) rather than HP treatment (4.78 ppm). Emission of NH3 was decreased in dietary supplemented protease treatment (10.43 ppm vs 11.76 ppm). In conclusion, the decrease of dietary protein level and supplementation of protease had beneficial effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut microflora, and noxious gas emission in weanling pigs.

This study is a basic study to improve fuel economy and reduce harmful emissions from passenger cars. This study is a basic study to evaluate the performance of fuel oil additives. The performance may vary depending on the type of engine, the region of use, and the driving habits of the user. Therefore, there are many difficulties in carrying out the test analysis by the objective experimental method while maintaining the same conditions. Therefore, this study intends to examine in terms of securing objectivity as a comparative study by the measurement of single user for a long time. As a result, in the case of cars using gasoline engines, the fuel economy tended to a little decrease as the distance-age increased. However, in the analysis of diesel vehicles by year, it increased gradually after the 5th year and the distance-age of 60,000km. And a comparison of the last three years, an increase of about 3.1% from 12.44km /ℓ to 12.82km /ℓ.

The purpose of this study is to enhance heat insulation effect and to decrease fire hazard by attaching aluminum foil to expanded polystyrene, which is mainly used for insulating materials, to have fire retardant. The result of the test confirmed that the insulating materials, expanded polystyrene of 10 kg/m3 and 14 kg/m3 of density attached aluminum foil on both sides, showed 12%, 14% of improved heat transfer coefficient respectively compared to existing expanded polystyrene of the same density. Besides, they met all the standards for the testing of heat release and gas hazard. On the other hand, the one made of general expanded polystyrene could not meet the standards of the heat release test and the gas hazard test.

This study was conducted to investigate effects of feeding fermented milk on growth, intestinal microorganisms and fecal noxious gas emission in suckling pigs. A total of a hundred birth piglets (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc) were randomly assigned into feeding group and control group during suckling period that ten pigs per sow. Fermented milk contained 3.0×108/g of Bacillus and 3.5×108/g of Lactobacillus, and was supplied by top dressing method. Fermented milk fed to the sulking pigs indicated tendency to increase weaning body weight (p=0.052) and average daily gain (p=0.094). Total microbial flora and Escherichia coli in the feces were lower (p<0.05) in the feeding group than the non-feeding group. Reversely, Lactobacillus was higher (p<0.01) in feces of the pigs fed fermented milk than the pigs of the control group. Hydrogen sulfide emitted in feces was decreased in feeding group compared with control group (p<0.05). Similarly, fecal total mercaptans was diminished in the feeding group than the control group (p<0.01). Therefore, the fermented milk fed to the sulking pigs may improved growth and can influence positively intestinal microorganisms and fecal noxious gas emission.

In this study, the porous ceramic filter was developed to be able to remove both dust and hazardous gas contained in fuel gas at high temperature. The porous ceramic filters were fabricated and used as a catalyst support. And the effects have been investigated such as the mean particle size, organic content and addition of foaming agent on the porosity, compressive strength and pressure drop of ceramic filters. With the increase of mean powder size and the organic content for the cordierite filter, the porosity was increased, but the compressive strength and pressure drop were decreased. From the results of the research, the optimum condition for the fabrication of ceramic filters could be acquired and they had the porosity of 58%, the compressive strength of 13.4 MPa and the pressure drop of 250 Pa. It was expected that this ceramic filter was able to be applied to the glass melting furnace, combustor, and dust/toxic gas removal filter.

Researches on the elimination of sulfur and nitrogen oxides with catalysts and absorbents reported many problems related with elimination efficiency and complex devices. In this study, decomposition efficiency of harmful gases was investigated. It was found that the efficiency rate can be increased by moving the harmful gases together with SPCP reactor and the catalysis reactor. Calcium hydroxide(Ca(OH)2), CaO, and TiO2 were used as catalysts. Harmful air polluting gases such as SO2 were measured for the analysis of decomposition efficiency, power consumption, and voltage according to changes to the process variables including frequency, concentration, electrode material, thickness of electrode, number of electrode winding, and additives to obtain optimal process conditions and the highest decomposition efficiency. The standard sample was sulfur oxide(SO2). Harmful gases were eliminated by moving them through the plasma generated in the SPCP reactor and the Ca(OH)2 catalysis reactor. The elimination rate and products were analyzed with the gas analyzer (Ecom-AC,Germany), FT-IR(Nicolet, Magna-IR560), and GC-(Shimazu). The results of the experiment conducted to decompose and eliminate the harmful gas SO2with the Ca(OH)2 catalysis reactor and SPCP reactor show 96% decomposition efficiency at the frequency of 10 kHz. The conductivity of the standard gas increased at the frequencies higher than 20 kHz. There was a partial flow of current along the surface. As a result, the decomposition efficiency decreased. The decomposition efficiency of harmful gas SO2 by the Ca(OH)2 catalysis reactor and SPCP reactor was 96.0% under 300 ppm concentration, 10 kHz frequency, and decomposition power of 20 W. It was 4% higher than the application of the SPCP reactor alone. The highest decomposition efficiency, 98.0% was achieved at the concentration of 100 ppm.

The objective of this study is to maintain the same frequency as the electrode material, concentration, duration of decomposition efficiency, power consumption and voltage measurements using a composite catalyst according to the change of process parameters to obtain the optimum state of the process and the maximum decomposition efficiency. In this paper, known as a major cause of air pollution, such as NO, NO2, SO2, frequency, flow rate, concentration, the material of the electrodes, and using TiO2 catalyst reactor with surface discharge caused by discharging the reactor plasma NOx, SOx decompose the harmful gas want to remove.

The objective of this study is to obtain the optimal process condition and the maximum decomposition efficiency by measuring the decomposition efficiency, electricity consumption, and voltage in accordance with the change of the process variables such as the frequency, maintaining time period, concentration, electrode material, thickness of the electrode, the number of windings of the electrode, and added materials etc. of the harmful atmospheric contamination gases such as NO, NO2, and SO2 etc. with the plasma which is generated by the discharging of the specially designed and manufactured TiO₂catalysis reactor and SPCP reactor.

연소식 CO2 발생기 사용시 사용하는 연료에 따라서 발생되는 CO2 농도 및 유해가스 농도를 비교 분석하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 사용 연료로는 등유, LPG, LNG를 이용하였다. 연소식 CO2 발생기는 등유사용 국내제품을 설치한 온실(A), 외국제품을 설치한 온실(B), LPG 사용 국내제품과 외국제품을 설치한 온실 2개소(C와 D) 및 LNG 사용 온실(E)을 선정하였다. 측정은 서울대학교 농생명과학공동기기원(NICEM)의 실내공기질 분석 시스템의 일부 측정시스템을 온실로 이동하여 측정하였다. 연소식 CO2 발생기 작동 유무에 따른 CO2 가스 증감은 NOx류의 증감에 정의 상관을 보였으며, 사용 연식에 따른 버너의 내구성 저하에 따른 유해가스 발생량이 증가하였다. CO 농도가 매우 높게 나올 경우에는 발생기 내부에 컨버터를 장착하여 농도를 저감시켜 직물의 생리장해를 예방시킬 필요가 있었다. 전체적으로 CO2 발생에 따른 유해가스 농도는 최근 설치된 장치에서는 큰 문제가 없었으며 가장 낮은 유해가스 발생량은 국산 LPG 제품을 사용한 D 온실이었다.

Activated carbon fiber (ACF) filters are widely used to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air cleaning devices. The performance of ACF filters could be enhanced combining adsorption process with photodegradation process. In this study, to investigate this enhancement effect, a duct-type reactor was made and TiO2 was i㎜obilized on a co㎜ercialized ACF filter. Benzene, toluene, and m-xylene (BTX) were chosen as target compounds. Removal experiments for BTX were done under different air velocity and upstream concentration conditions. The range of inlet concentration was 200～1,400 ppb and the air velocities were 0.4, 0.7 and 1.0 m/s. Adsorption by an ACF filter alone showed high removal efficiency of BTX, depending on the BTX species, the upstream concentration, and the air velocity. The combination of TiO2 and ACF filter significantly increased removal of benzene which was less removed than other pollutants by an ACF filter alone. It was found that the combination effect was small in removal test of toluene and m-xylene. Removal efficiency in the tested experimental conditions was decreased in order of toluene > m-xylene > benzene.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of manure additives mixed with probiotics and zeolite on harmful gas production generated by pig slurry. A total of 180 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire x Land race] x Duroc, live weight 70±3.21 kg) were allotted to a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications (20 heads per replicate). The treatments consisted of 0% (control), 0.05% (T1), or 1% (T2) of manure additives mixed with probiotics and zeolite. Manure additives were added weekly to pig slurry pits (2 m × 4.5 m × 1.2 m) on a volumetric basis. For ammonia measured at both 10 cm and 90 cm above the pig slurry pit, a statistical significance (p<0.05) was found in probiotics and zeolite-treated manure additives at weeks 1 – 3, except for week 0. In addition, hydrogen sulfide levels measured at 10 cm above the pig slurry pit were not affected by the manure additive at weeks 0 and 1, but showed a significant statistical difference at weeks 2 and 3 (p<0.05). Therefore, supplementing pig slurry with 0.05% and 0.1% manure additives mixed with probiotics and zeolite was found to be effective in reducing environmental pollution in pig facilities.

The purpose of this experimental study is to develop an waterborne silicon acrylic top finishing material of car parks. The gas toxicity test was conducted in order to provide fundamental data for developing the material by implementing modified polyamide resin. The outcomes were satisfied by the quality standard regarding elapsed mean stop times of mice which is prescribed in KS F 2271. As conclusion, this study confirmed that the developed finishing material could be an optimum material capable of applying for car parks’ deck.

본 연구는 육계 생산과정에서의 건조 Rosemary 잎 분말의 급여가 육계의 생산성, 맹장내 균총 및 깔짚 중 유해가스 발생량에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사하였다. 총 216수의 7일령 육계에 대조구, Rosemary 분말 0.5% (5 g/kg diet, T1) 및 1.0% (10 g/kg diet, T2)로 구분하여 35일령까지 총 4주간의 사양 시험을 실시하였다. 사육기간중 증체중 및 사료효율은 Rosemary 급여에 의해서 유의하게 증가하였지만(P<0.05), 처리구간(T1 Vs. T2)에는 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 사료섭취량 및 도태율은 대조구와 처리구간에 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 21일령과 35일령 모두 맹장내 Lactobacillus의 수는 Rosemary 급여에 의해서 유의하게 증가하였고(P<0.05), E. Coli 및 Salmonella의 수는 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 혐기성 총 미생물 수는 Rosemary의 첨가에 의한 영향은 인정되지 않았다. 깔짚 내 Ammonia의 발생량은 Rosemary 첨가에 의해서 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 그러나 처리구간(T1 Vs. T2)에는 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면, 육계사양에서 건조 Rosemary 잎의 급여는 사료중 영양소 이용율 증가, 소화관내 유익균의 증가 및 유해균의 감소, 및 배설물 중 NH3의 발생량 감소로 인한 증체량 및 사료효율을 개선시킬 가능성이 생각된다.

본 연구에서는 반도체 공정에서 배출되는 유해가스를 선택적으로 분리하여 처리하기 위한 최적화된 막 모듈처리시스템을 구성하고자 한다. 이에 유해가스 처리를 위한 막 모듈 처리시스템의 운전 최적화를 위해서는 막 모듈로 유입되는 유해가스의 유량과 압력이 동일해야 한다. 따라서 분배관에서 분리막 모듈이 연결되는 시점에 특별한 유량계 등에 장치들을 설치하지 않고 오직 배관의 관경과 배치만으로 분리막에 유입 유량을 동일하게할 수 있다면 분리막 모듈 처리 시스템의 배관 구성을 최적화함으로 비용 절감 등에 효과를 동시에 가질 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 실제 현장 여건을 고려한 기준 배치와 변수별 연구를 통해 최적화된 상용급 분리막 모듈 시스템을 구성하고자 한다. 따라서 3차원 수치해석적 연구를 통하여 막 모듈 설비의 유입 배관 내에 가스의 유동 특성을 파악하여 배관 직경 및 배치를 최적화하여 현장 설계에 반영하고자 한다. 배관내 유동 해석을 위해 k-ε 난류 모델을 적용하였고, 배관 벽면부에 형성되는 층류저층을 해석하기 위하여 벽함수를 적용하였다. 이때 상용급 분리막 모듈 시스템에서 처리하는 가스 유량은 3,000ℓ/min이다. 기준 조건으로 제안된 상용급 분리막 모듈 시스템의 배관 구성 최적화를 위한 배관 내의 3차원 유동을 해석한 결과, 배관 내 가스 속도 벡타를 보면 관경이 큰 250A 주배관에서는 유속이 약 1.4m/sec에서 x축 방향으로 유체는 진행되면서 유속은 0.4m/sec 까지 점차적으로 감소하지만 분배관에서는 약 3m/sec 정도의 빠른 유속 특성을 보이고 있다. 이처럼 분배관에서 유속은 빠르게 형성되지만 분배관 30기에 전체적인 유속은 유사한 특성을 보이고 있다. 그리고 속도벡타에서 설명한 바와 같이 곡관에서 속도변화가 크게 형성되고 있지만 xy평면에서 주배관 유체 진행방향으로 속도분포를 보면 중심축을 기점으로 좌우 대칭을 이루고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 이는 좌우 축대칭으로 설치된 분배관에 유속이 대칭 방향으로 유속은 고르게 형성될 수 있음 유추할 수 있다. 또한 주배관에서 유효동점도를 보면 강한 난류유동을 나타내는 주배관 상부부에서 높은 유효동점도를 나타내고 있고, 유속이 약해 층류적 흐름이 형성되는 주배관의 끝단부분에서 가장 높은 혼합길이 값을 보이고 있다.