This study examined the effects of Boehmerianivea powder on the functional and sensory characteristics of dumpling shell. Various dumpling shell samples were prepared with wheat flour containing different amounts of Boehmerianivea powder. The instrumental characteristics were examined and sensory evaluations were performed. According to the amylograph data, the composite Boehmerianivea powder-wheat flour samples had increased gelatinization temperatures with increasing Boehmerianivea powder content; whereas the initial viscosity at 95oC, viscosity at 95oC after 15 minutes, and the maximum viscosity were reduced. The L, a and b Hunter’s color values decreased with increasing Boehmerianivea powder content. In addition to thecooked weight, the cooked volume and turbidity of dumpling shellincreased with increasing level of Boehmerianivea powder. In terms of the textural characteristics, the addition of Boehmerianivea powder increased the chewiness, smoothness and adhesiveness. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity increased significantly with increasing content of Boehmerianivea powder (p<0.05). Finally, the results of thesensory properties indicated that 5% Boehmerianivea powder had the highest scores. These results suggest that Boehmerianivea powder can be applied to dumpling shells to achieve high quality and functionality.

Ramie (Boehmeria nivea M.) has been used for fiber materials in Korea traditionally, but in recent years, the concern with ramie leaves for the food industry such as tteok (a kind of Korean rice cake) industry has been increasing, so a study for eatable ramie is required for the expansion of ramie consumption. Moreover, the ramie varieties for the food industry are not established, so the natural species are cultivated in general; therefore, it is very important to select the ramie varieties for the food industry such as rice cakes, tea, beverage and so on. This study was undertaken to compare the physiochemical properties among 9 ramie lines selected in the Yeonggwang-gun Agricultural Technology Center to select the eatable ramie varieties for the food industry. The contents of the protein among 9 ramie lines was 6.21~7.56% and had the highest content in the YG55. The folic acid (folate) and vitamin C content had varying differences among the 9 lines; the content of folate showed 771.52~1,978.84 μg%, that of vitamin C showed 149.42~275.34 mg%. The ACE inhibitory activity appeared to be the highest in YG88 (21.5%) among the 9 ramie varieties tested.

This study was performed to determine the optimal time of harvest for ramie leaves with the two varieties (Seocheon Seobang and Seoncheon Baekpi) by comparison of physiological activity and physicochemical characteristics. The crude protein, minerals, ascorbic acid, folate, chlorophyll, ACE inhibitory activity and AChE inhibitory activity were determined. The amount of crude protein in ramie leaf, which was collected in Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, grew up steadily from early May to September. The content of calcium in was higher in Baekpi than in Seobang. Seobang displayed its highest value of 3,569.90 mg% in September, while Baekpi displayed its highest value of 3,163.84 mg% in October. Although, folate and vitamin C contents in the two varieties were slightly different, they were higher as the growth date grew in October. The highest value of chlorophyll content was observed in October, which was later in the vegetative state. ACE inhibitory activity and AChE inhibitory activity appeared to be higher in Baekpi than in Seobang. Between June and August, ACE inhibitory activity was highest in Baekpi variety.

To investigate the antioxidative potential of ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) leaves, alcoholic extracts with different ethanol concentration were prepared. The extract obtained by using 70% ethanol possessed the highest total phenolic content. The extraction yield and total phenolic content of the ethanolic extract were 15.46% and 105.0 μg chlorogenic acid equivalent (CAE)/mg, respectively. Therefore, the antioxidant activities of the extract were evaluated as 2,2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power and nitrite scavenging ability. EC 50 value for radical scavenging and nitrite scavenging activities, which is the effective concentration at which 50% of DPPH radicals and nitrites are scavenged, were 34.72 μg/mL and 52.99 μg/mL, respectively. EC 50 value for reducing power, which is the effective concentration at which the absorbance is 0.5, is 44.39 μg/mL. All antioxidant activities increased as extract concentration increased. These results imply that the ethanolic extract of ramie leaves has the potential to be utilized as an effective antioxidant source.

모시잎 떡 제조에 이용되는 원료미 선정을 위해 쌀전분의 이화학적 특성과 저장에 따른 물성변화를 검토하고 관능검사를 실시하여 품종 간 차이를 비교하였다. 품종들의 아밀로스와 단백질 함량은 각각 13.6-17.6%와 5.1-6.9% 범위를 나타내 모든 품종들의 식미가 양호하고 특히 보람찬의 경우 단백질 함량이 낮게 측정되어 식미와 가공에 적합한 품종임을 예상할 수 있었다. 아밀로그람 특성 평가에서 품종 중 보람찬과 다미가 최종점도와 강하점도는 높고 치반점도는 낮아 떡 제조에 유리한 품종이었다. 저장기간에 따른 물성 측정 결과 모든 품종들의 경도, 검성, 씹힘성은 증가하였고 부착성은 감소하여 시간이 지날수록 노화가 촉진되었고, 응집성은 증가되어 모시잎 첨가로 인하여 노화가 다소 지연됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 품종 중 다미와 보람찬이 다른 품종들에 비해 물성에 있어 유의적인 차이를 나타냈는데 아밀로그람 특성 결과와 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 관능적 특성 중 색과 향미는 품종 간 큰 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았고 맛은 다미, 보람찬과 호품이 우수하게 평가되어 군집분석 결과 노화도가 낮은 group과 일치하였고, 조직감은 경도, 탄성, 점착성이 낮고 응집성이 높은 다미와 보람찬이 우수하였다. 전체적인 기호도는 다미와 보람찬이 가장 높게 평가되어 맛과 조직이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인이었다. 이상의 결과로부터 모시잎떡 제조에 다미와 보람찬이 가장 우수한 적합품종임을 알 수 있었다.

The objective of this study was to produce muffins with added dukeum ramie leaf powder and to compare them to a control. We used two different optimal composition ratios to produce muffins. The physical and sensory characters were varied by changing the ratio of dukeum ramie leaf powder, butter, and sugar to identify a critical value using response surface regression analysis. The ranges for the added dukeum ramie leaf powder, sugar, and butter were 15-35, 60-100, and 60-100 g, respectively. Muffins with added dukeum ramie leaves had comparable mineral and antioxidant vitamin compositions to those of dried ramie leaves. Muffins with added dukeum ramie leaf powder satisfied the suitability of the model, showing a p-value within 5% of significance level (p<0.05) for every aspect Volume and height differed without any association to ingredients. Lightness increased when less dukeum ramie leaf powder was added with more butter and sugar, redness increased when more dukeum ramie leaf powder and sugar were added with 70-80 g of butter, whereas yellowness increased when less dukeum ramie powder was added. Texture and toughness increased when less dukeum ramie leaf powder was added. The degree of gumminess and chewiness depended hugely on the amount of sugar. Cohesiveness, decreased with more dukeum ramie leaf powder and butter, whereas hardness increased with a medium range of ingredients. Sensory character increased with less dukeum ramie powder, and overall quality increased with more butter and sugar, but depended on the amount of added dukeum ramie power. The critical values from the sensory characteristics showed that 27 g of dukeum ramie powder, 72 g of sugar, and 86 g of butter was optimum.

As a part of an infrastructure project on medicinal herb-based remedies, we conducted a phytohemical investigation of the 100% MeOH extract from the aerial part of Boehmeria quelpaertense; our findings resulted in the isolation of flavonoids (1-2), isoquercitrin (1) and hyperoside (2). The identification and structural elucidation of these compounds were based on 1H-,13C-NMR, and LC ESI IT-TOF MS data. All the compounds isolated from this plant were reported for the first time. In this study, we examined the antioxidant activity of the 1 and 2 on the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in a Rat Cardiomyoblast cell line (H9c2). The pretreatment of the flavonoids showed that it protects against H2O2-mediated cell death in the H9c2 cell line. Also, it decreases the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by the flavonoids in the H2O2-treated H9c2 cell line. These results showed that the 1 and 2 are a source of antioxidants. As a result, they might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress mediated diseases, including myocardial infarction.

Background : The purpose of this study was to evaluate methods to high quality food ramie rice cake, thereby increasing farm income. This study investigated the effects of different Split Application and Adapted Fertilizer Culture for Stable Production with Edible Leaf in Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.). Methods and Results : Method of fertilizer application were conducted under three condition compose to standard application (N-P-K-Compost applied at 27-9-27-1,500 ㎏․ 10 a−1), 25% increased application (N-P-K-Compost applied at 34-11-34-1,500 ㎏․10 a−1), 50% increased application (N-P-K-Compost applied at 41-14-41-1,500 ㎏․ 10 a−1) cultivation. Compost and fused phosphate applied at 100% of basal fertilizer in March 25. The split application level of standard application (N-K) applied at 50% of basal fertilizer in March 25, 50% of top dressing were five times application (N-K) in May 4, July 5, September 5, October 5, 20% respectively. Transplanting with Yeongkwang varieties in April 12 by growing pot seedling for 35 days in 2011. Planting density were spaced 60 ㎝ apart in rows 25 ㎝ apart with rice straw cutting covered open cultivation. Plot design randomized block 3 repetition. Conclusion : Organic matter, available phosphate, K2O, CaO, and MgO of soil increased in all plots with the addition of fertilizers culture, specifically in 25% and 50% increased application. Growth characteristics by 50% of top dressing were five times application (N-K) in May 4, July 5, September 5, October 5, compared to standard application (N-K) applied at 100% basal fertilizer, aerial part as a result were so many such amount of growth as number of branch and leaf per plant, etc., Length, width of leaf and leaf colorimetry of aboveground part growth increment rising highest. Green leaf yields compared to standard fertilizer 100% application (1,344 kg․ 10 a−1). 25% and 50% increased application (N-K) applied at 50% basal fertilizer, 50% of top dressing were five times application increased by 9%, 17%. respectively.

Background : Ramie, Boehmeria nivea (L) Gaud, is a bast fiber plant of the nettle family (Urticaceae) and originated in Asia. We have taken an active interest in ramie breeding for edible ramie, and consequently select "Yeonggwang No.1" with high yielding and good quality for edible leaves in 2015. Methods and Results : "Yeonggwang No.1" is a new ramie variety for edible leaves, which was derived from the plants of the population for pure clone isolation from 2013 to 2014, and progressively for specific character and yield trial in 2014 to 2015. The yield trials were carried on the field and the greenhouse with two replications, respectively. The plant height of "Yeonggwang No.1" is about 140 ㎝ with 6 ㎝ higher than that of check variety "Seobang" The leaves are heart-shaped, with large size, and finely serrated margins. The color of the upper side of the leaf is dark green, and silvery white on the under surface. The flowers are light purple in color and are borne in declinate clusters in the axils of the leaves. The average SLW (specific leaf weight) was 8.56 ㎎/㎠, which was weight lighter than that of check "Seobang", but chlorophyll content measured by a Chlorophyll meter, SPAD-502 was 12.3 SPAD higher than that of "Seobang". Fresh leaf yield was the annual total 1,578 ㎏/10 a in the field, and 2,479 ㎏/10 a in the greenhouse, which was 98% level of "Seobang" in the field, and increased by 10% than check "Seobang" in the greenhouse. The fresh leaves yield of "Yeonggwang No.1" tended to increased in changes according to time more than "Seobang". Conclusion : As a new variety, Yeonggwang No.1 can be harvested leaves several times annually, with the yield range of 1,578 – 2,479 ㎏/10 a, having 72.3% moisture, 6.61% crude protein, 987 ㎎ calcium, 5.27 Fe in its leaves. These results seem to indicate that there is considerable scope for increasing the fresh leaf yield of ramie and improving the processing quality by means of selection from the large and comparatively unexplored pool of variation, which should be obtainable from this heterozygous plant.

β amyloid protein (Aβ) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and possibly in Aβ -induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Aβ can directly cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Overproduction of ROS is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration of AD. Here, we investigated 9 kinds of ramie (Boehmeria nivea, (L.) Gaud., BN; hereafter denoted as BN) for their protective action against oxidative stress in a cellular system using C6 glial cells. We observed loss of cell viability and high levels of ROS generation after treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Aβ25-35. However, treatments with BN extracts led to an increase in cell viability and decrease in ROS production induced by H2O2 and Aβ25-35. In particular, the extracts of BN-01 (seobang variety from Seocheon) and BN-09 (local variety from Yeonggwang) showed excellent anti-oxidative properties. This indicates that BN extracts could prevent neurodegeneration by reducing oxidative stress in cells.

Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) is a hardy perennial herbaceous plant of the Urticaceae family and has been grown as a fiber crop in several countries including Korea for many centuries. Ramie leaves also have been traditionally used as a major ingredient of a type of rice cake called ‘Song-pyun’ in the Southwest area of Korea, especially Yeong-Gwang province. Despite its economic importance, the molecular genetics of ramie have not been studied in detail yet. Genetic resources of ramie were widely collected from domestic local sites by Bioenergy Crop Research Center (RDA) and Yeong-Gwang Agricultural Technology Center. For the systematic and efficient management of the genetic resources, we developed SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers of ramie. To do this, we generated microsatellite-enriched genomic DNA libraries using magnetic bead hybridization selection method. 247 non-redundant contigs containing SSR motif were generated using nucleotide sequences of 376 clones from the libraries. Primer sets were designed from the flanking sequences of the repeat motif. Finally, we selected 10 SSR markers, possibly showing polymorphism among the genetic resources. Results on the genotype analysis of the ramie genetic resources using the SSR markers will be presented.

Content analysis of loliolide in the leaves of Boehmeria nivea (Bn) collected from different region during four months (June, July, August, and September) was conducted by HPLC. The content of loliolide was detected in the leaves of B. nivea from Bns-2, -7, -10, -23, -38, -41, -67, -76, and -90 in June (5.02, 6.35, 6.93, 5.89, 4.31, 4.24, 4.91, 5.12, and 5.46 mg/g, respectively), July (4.32, 6.42, 7.72, 7.97, 4.05, 4.32, 5.65, 6.67, and 5.39 mg/g, respectively), August (3.52, 5.17, 3.90, 4.27, 3.26, 4.72, 3.82, 3.30, and 3.31 mg/g, respectively), and September (7.04, 7.25, 7.43, 7.86, 6.76, 6.38, 7.60, 6.79, and 4.77 mg/g, respectively). Among them, the highest content of loliolide was found in Bn-23 and in September. These results may be useful in determining the optimal harvest time at which phytochemical reaches a maximum level.

Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaudich.) is a hardy perennial herbaceous plant of the Urticaceae family and has been grown as a fiber crop in several countries including Korea for many centuries. Ramie leaves also have been traditionally used as a major ingredient of a type of rice cake called ‘Song-pyun’ in the Southwest area of Korea, especially Yeong-Gwang province. Despite its economic importance, the molecular genetics of ramie have not been studied in detail yet. Genetic resources of ramie were widely collected from domestic local sites by Bioenergy Crop Research Center (RDA) and Yeong-Gwang Agricultural Technology Center. For the systematic and efficient management of the genetic resources, we developed microsatellite molecular markers of ramie. To do this, we generated microsatellite-enriched genomic DNA libraries using magnetic bead hybridization selection method. 216 contigs containing microsatellite repeat motif were generated using nucleotide sequences of 376 clones from the libraries. Primer sets were designed from the flanking sequences of the repeat motif. Finally, we selected 26 microsatellite markers, possibly showing polymorphism among the genetic resources. Results on the genotype analysis of the ramie genetic resources using the microsatellite markers will be presented.

Response surface methodology was applied to the processing conditions to investigate the physicochemical properties of ramie porridge. In the processing conditions based on the central composite design with the addition of ramie leaf powder (0-4 g) and water (700-1100 g), the coefficients of determination (R2) of the models were above 0.9141 for the physicochemical properties, above 0.7627 for the Hunter color parameters, and above 0.8975 for the rheological properties. The soluble solid content, viscosity, and gumminess of the sample decreased significantly with an increase in the water added, whereas the spreadability and adhesiveness increased significantly. The Hunter color L value of the sample decreased significantly with an increase in the amount of ramie leaf powder added, whereas the Hunter b value increased significantly. The estimated maximum viscosity of the ramie porridge was shown to be 24,643 cp when 1.90 g ramie leaf powder and 700.24 g water were added; the estimated maximum lightness of the ramie porridge was shown to be 59.11 when 0.02 g ramie leaf powder and 869.30 g water were added; and the estimated maximum gumminess of the ramie porridge was shown to be 21.46 g when 2.12 g ramie leaf powder and 700.35 g water were added.

모시잎 분말의 생리활성 기능과 이용 가능성에 관한 연구의 일환으로 모시잎 분말의 일반성분 및 영양성분을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반성분은 수분 함량 5.42%, 조단백질 28.15%, 조지방 6.95%, 조회분 15.27% 및 탄수화물 54.79%를 함유하였다. 총식이섬유소 함량은 39.66 g/100 g이며, 그 중 불용성 식이섬유소와 수용성식이섬유소 함량은 각각 20.32 g/100 g와 19.34 g/100 g로 나타났다. 구성당은 g

한반도 개모시풀의 자생지 환경조건에 따른 분포특성, 토양성분, 혼생식물을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 개모시풀의 상대밀도와 상대피도는 7.0%와 25.6%이었다. 해발고도별로는 200 m 이하에서 가장 많이 분포하였으며 해발고도가 높아질수록 분포지역이 적었다. 경사도별로는 20˚ 이하에서 80% 이상이 자생하였고, 사면별로는 남사면보다 햇빛이 적은 서사면과 북사면에서 집중되었다. 광량에 따른 분포는 90% 정도가 중광이나 약광이었고, 습윤 정도에 따른 분포는 69.1%가 습윤지역이었다. 자생지의 토성은 식양토이었으며, 평균 pH는 6.2로서 약산성 토양이었다. 유기물 함량은 24 g kg?1이었으며, 유효인산은 31 mg kg?1이었다. 혼생하는 식물은 60과 125속에 총 171분류군이었으며, 상대밀도와 상대피도가 가장 높은 혼생식물은 사위질빵이었다.

천연 갈색 염모제를 개발하기 위하여 한국자생 거북꼬리 추출물로 염색한 머리카락의 염색성 조사와 함께 세정횟수에 따른 색깔변화를 화학 염모제로 염색한 머리카락과 비교하였다. 거북꼬리 추출물로 머리카락을 염색한 결과 대조구에 비해 δE값이 11이상 나타났으며, 모두 YR계열로 염색이 되었다. 매염제 처리에 따른 δE 값은 사스레피나무 회즙을 사용했을 때 15.52로 가장 크게 나타났다. 거북꼬리 추출물로 머리카락을 염색 후 세정 횟수에 따른 L값은 사스레피나무 회즙처리구에서 가장 낮았고, a, b 및 δ 값은 사스레피나무 회즙처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 염색한 머리카락을 30회 세정한 결과 L값은 화학염모제로 염색한 머리카락 보다 거북꼬리 추출물(사스레피나무 회즙 매염)로 염색한 것에서 낮게 나타났다. 염색한 머리카락의 세정횟수에 따른 a, b, 및 δE값의 변화는 화학염모제로 염색한 머리카락 보다 거북꼬리 추출물(사스레피나무 회즙 매염)로 염색한 것에서 적게 나타났다. 따라서 거북꼬리 추출물은 천연 갈색 염모제로서 실용성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

한반도 모시풀속 식물의 이용과 보존을 위한 기초자료로 제공하기 위해 현지관찰로서 자생 분포지, 생육지 환경특성 및 혼생식물종을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 왜모시풀, 개모시풀, 좀깨잎나무, 풀거북꼬리는 거의 전지역에 걸쳐 분포하고 있었으며, 야생화된 모시풀은 충남 이남에 자라고, 왕모시풀과 긴잎모시풀은 남부지역에만 자생하고 있었다. 2. 조사대상 모시풀속 식물의 혼생식물은 평균 124.9종류였으며, 중요치가 높은 공통의 혼생식물은 쑥이었다. 3. 모시풀속 식물간에 공유하는 혼생식물은 개모시풀과 좀깨잎나무간이 49.0%로서 최고의 공통종을 나타낸 반면에 모시풀과 풀거북꼬리간이 21.6%의 최저 공통종이었다. 4. 자생지의 연평균강수량은 1100 mm~1390 mm, 연평균기온은 11.3℃~13.7℃ 범위이었으며, 토양의 화학적 특성은 pH가 평균 5.3에서 7.2 범위로서 약산성 또는 약알칼리성을 띠었으며, 유기물함량은 모시풀이 다른 모시풀속 식물에 비해 현저하게 높았다. 또한 K과 Na 함량은 각각의 모시풀속 식물에서 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, P2O5와 Ca 및 Mg은 다소 차이를 나타내었다.

모시풀의 경편과 흡지의 배양을 통하여 완전한 식물체를 대량증식하기 위하여 소독방법과 생장조절제 처리 효과에 대한 기내배양을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 모시풀 경편 배양시 소독은 초음파세체기를 이용한 2% NaClO를 20분 동안 하였을때 오염률이 3.3%로 가장 낮았으며, 식물체도 79%가 생존하였고, 건실한 묘를 생산할 수 있었다. 2. 생장조절제 처리효과에서는 NAA(0.02mg/ )+ BA(1.5mg/ ) + GA3(0.1mg/ ) 혼합처리가 캘러스 형성이 안되고, 식물체 형성률이 96%였으며, 건실한 묘를 생산할 수 있었다. 3. 치상부위별로는 흡지보다 경편배양이, 품종별로는 개량종인 서방종보다 재래종인 보성종이 증식효률이 높았다. 4. 순화 효율은 상토 배합과 호르몬 처리에 있어서 버미큐라이트 : 모래 ：황토 =1 : 1 : 1의 배합과 NAA 1000ppm을 30분간 담근 후 이식한 순화율이 99%로서 건실하였으며, 식물체는 대부분 정상이었다.