Liquid-state fermentation (LSF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) were carried out to produce enzymes and β-glucan. The modified synthetic medium composition in liquid-state fermentation (LSF) was determined to be 5% (w/v) whole oat flour, 2% (w/v) tryptone, and 2% (w/v) rice bran. The different humidity conditions of oat by solid-state fermentation were evaluated in terms of maximum production of fungal biomass, amylase, protease, and β-glucan, which were 0.23 mg/g, 7,157.38 U/g, 413.67 U/g, and 8.26% (w/w), respectively, at 60% of humidity condition. Moreover, α-glucosidase inhibition activities of fermented oat with 60% humidity at 48 h were shown to be high 49.08% (w/w). Therefore, liquid- and solid-state fermentation processes were found to enhance the overall fermentation yields of oat to produce enzymes and β-glucan.

The purpose of this study was to develop a functional senior mixed soymilk for seniors and to provide functional senior-mixed soymilk to prevent disease outbreaks. The isoflavone content of senior soymilk was 0.15±0.01 mg/g. The β-glucan content of senior soymilk was 9.82±0.01 mg/g. The weight gain of mice were significantly higher in the high-fat diet group than in the other groups. The serum triglyceride content was high at 102.67±40.61 mg/dL in the high-fat diet group, but significantly lower at 83.00±42.43 mg/dL in the 20% senior soymilk group. Thus, the results of this study comprehensively suggest that food intake should be ingested for each life cycle with reference to the dietary reference intakes for Koreans. In particular, the elderly in their 50s and older are deficient in protein and weakened immune capacity, so it is imperative that they maintain their health through various foods such as soymilk, which is evenly nutritious.

The aim of this present study was to investigate the impact of different seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizing levels on the seed yield and feed value of oats(Avena sativa L.) grown in Gyeongbuk area for two years. The experiment was arranged in split plot design with 3 main plots(100, 130 and 160 kg of seed/ha) and 4 subplots(0, 50, 70 and 90 kg N/ha), with 3 replicates. Heading, flowering, and maturing dates of oats sown in spring 2017, delayed by two days compared to that of spring 2016, and the plant height of spring 2017 were significantly shorter than that of spring 2016(18.1 ~ 23.4 cm). In addition, the highest number of stems and number of panicles according to different seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizing levels were achieved with the seeding rate of 160 kg/ha and 90 kg of N/ha in 2016 and 2017, respectively. In case of seed yield as affected by different seeding rate, the highest seed yield was achieved with a seeding rate of 130 kg/ha(p<0.05), and based on nitrogen fertilizing levels, the highest yield was obtained in 50 kg of N/ha compared to others. The crude fiber(CF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and total digestible nutrients(TDN) of oats cultivated and harvested in spring 2016 and 2017 according to different sowing rate were the highest in the seeding rate of 130 kg/ha. The crude protein(CP) content and total digestible nutrients(TDN) of 2016-2017 as influenced by nitrogen fertilizer levels were the highest in the nitrogen fertilizer level of 90 and 50 kg N/ha, respectively. In conclusion, the proper seeding rate and the optimal nitrogen fertilizing level in Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk province were considered to be the most appropriate in 130 kg/ha and 50 kg of N/ha, respectively.

This study estimated the effect of sowing and harvesting dates on dry matter (DM) yield and feed value of forage oats at Sancheong, Korea. The forage oats (Darkhorse vs. Highspeed) were used in this experiment. The experimental main plots consisted of the different sowing and harvesting dates at 2 seasons as follows: spring oats of sowing (February 25, March 3 and March 13) and harvesting (May 27, June 6 and June 16); and fall oats of sowing (August 15, August 25 and September 4) and harvesting (October 15, October 25 and November 4). On spring oats, Highspeed sown on March 3 and then harvesting on June 6 had the highest (p<0.05) plant length and DM yield. Crude protein content decreased (p<0.05) in seed of the delayed-harvesting Highspeed. On fall oats, plant length and DM yield with the delayed-harvesting date increased (p<0.05), while crude protein content of the delayed-harvesting Highspeed decreased (p<0.05). This study concluded that the spring oat sown in early March and then harvesting in early June was recommended to increase dry matter and feed value although the fall oat sown in end August and then harvesting in early November was recommended for fall period.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) represents one of the most widespread mycotoxins in agricultural commodities in the world and is considered a possible human carcinogen with its potent nephrotoxicity. Since OTA is stable under most food processing conditions, OTA has been detected in a wide range of cereal grains and their processed products as well. Puffed cereals are commonly used as baby snacks or as ingredients in snack formulations. We investigated the explosive puffing process effect on reduction of OTA in rice and oat. The rice and oat grains were adjusted the moisture content at 16% wet weight basis (wb) and spiked OTA (100 μg/kg), and then puffed by the explosive puffing machine at 5, 7, and 9 kgf. The temperature of chamber was 200°C and the duration times for 5, 7, and 9 kgf were 5, 6, and 9 min, respectively. The reduction of OTA in puffed rice and oat snacks were in the range of 15 – 28% and 38 – 52%, respectively, and the reduction of OTA in puffed rice and oat snacks were decreased with increasing explosive puffing pressures. The moisture content of puffed rice and oat snacks were in the range of 5 – 8% wb and 6 – 10% wb, respectively, and the moisture content in puffed rice and oat snacks were decreased with increasing of explosive puffing pressures. A decrease in bulk density of puffed rice and oat snacks was observed with increased explosive puffing pressure. In addition, increased values of degree of redness (a) in puffed rice and oat samples were observed with increasing explosive puffing pressure. These results suggest that OTA in rice and oat may be reduced significantly by explosive puffing process.

'Dakyeong' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oats for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2016. It was derived from a cross between ‘CI7505’(IT133304) and ‘Swan’(IT197920). Subsequent generations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Iksan and Jeonju, respectively. After preliminary and advanced yield test for 2 years, ‘SO2004009-B-B-10-8-3-9’, designated as a line name of ‘Gwiri91’, were subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield during 3 years in four parts such as Jeju (upland), Yesan (upland), Iksan (upland), and Jeonju (paddy), from 2014 to 2016, and finally named as ‘Dakyeong’. Cultivar ‘Dakyong’ has leaves of dark green color, thick diameter culm and long grain of brown color. Over 3 years, the heading date of ‘Dakyeong’ was about 5 days earlier than that of check cultivar ‘Samhan’ (April 30 and May 5, respectively), and their average forage dry matter yield harvested at milk-ripe stage was higher 12% (15.7 tone ha-1) than 14.0 tone ha-1 of check cultivar. Cultivar ‘Dakyeong’ was lower than the check cultivar ‘Samhan’ in terms of the protein content (6.1% and 7.0%, respectively) and total digestible nutrients (62.1%, and 62.5%, respectively), while the TDN yield was more than the check (7.79 tone ha-1 and 7.64 tone ha-1, respectively). Fall sowing cropping of ‘Dakyeong’ is recommended only in areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than -6°C, and it should not be cultivated in mountain areas, where frost damage is likely to occur.

Oats (Avena sativa L.), which are known as one of the forage crops of Korea, have good livestock palatability and are popular to cattle farmers because of their high dry matter. However, the cultivation of double cropping in the rice field was reluctant due to the late maturing for farmers to plant rice continuously. 'Hi-early', a winter oats for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2016. It was derived from a cross between ‘517A2-121’(IT133383) and ‘CI7604’ (IT133379). Subsequent generations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Suwon, Iksan and Jeonju, respectively. After preliminary and advance yield test for 2 years, ‘SO2004015-B-B-23-1-3-7’, designated as a line name of ‘Gwiri92’, were subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield during 3 years in four parts such as Jeju (upland), Yesan (upland), Iksan (upland), and Jeonju (paddy), from 2014 to 2016, and finally named as ‘Hi-early’. Cultivar ‘Hi-early’ has the characteristics of medium leaves of green color, thick diameter culm, and medium grain of brown color. Over 3 years, the heading date of ‘Hi-early’ was about 9 days earlier than that of check cultivar ‘Samhan’ (April 26 and May 5, respectively). Average forage fresh yield of ‘Hi-early’ harvested at milk-ripe stage was similar to check cultivar (40.2 tone ha-1 and 40.0 tone ha-1, respectively), and dry matter yield also was similar to check cultivar (14.2 tone ha-1 and 14.0 tone ha-1, respectively). Cultivar ‘Hi-early’ was lower than the check cultivar ‘Samhan’ in terms of the protein content (6.2% and 7.0%, respectively) and total digestible nutrients (61.0%, and 62.5%, respectively), while the TDN yield was more than the check (7.91 tone ha-1 and 7.64 tone ha-1, respectively). Fall sowing cropping of ‘Hi-early’ is recommended only in areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than -6°C, and it should not be cultivated in mountain areas, where frost damage is likely to occur.

본 실험은 횡성지역내 조사료 자급을 위한 귀리(Avena sativa L.)의 채종재배 적합성을 평가하고자 2016년 3월부터 7월까지 강원 횡성 시험포장(전작)에서 수행되었다. 공시품종은 춘파귀리인 ‘하이스피 드’를 이용하여 서로 다른 수준의 파종량과 질소시비량을 통해 출수특성, 생육특성, 수량성 등을 평가하 였다. 이를 바탕으로 횡성 지역 내 채종재배를 위한 귀리의 적정 파종량과 질소시비량을 얻고자 수행되 었다. 파종량 및 질소시비량에 따른 귀리의 출현일수 및 출수일수는 각각 8일, 74일로 모든 시험구에서 동일하게 나타났으며, 출수기 이후 성숙기까지의 소요일수는 12일로 모든 시험구에서 동일하게 나타났 다. 파종량에 따른 귀리의 초장 및 수장은 파종량 130kg/ha 시험구에서 가장 높았으며, 단위면적당 경 수와 수수는 파종량 160kg/ha 시험구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 1수립수, 1수립중, 천립중(千粒重)과 리 터중은 파종량 100kg/ha 시험구에서 가장 높았으며, 파종량에 따른 종실수량은 파종량 100kg/ha 시험 구에서 4.5t/ha로 가장 높은 수량을 나타냈다. 질소시비량에 따른 귀리의 초장, 간장 및 수장은 질소시 비량 50kg N/ha 시험구에서 가장 높았으며, 경수와 수수는 질소시비량 70kg N/ha 시험구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 질소시비량에 따른 1수립수, 1수립중, 천립중(千粒重), 리터중은 질소시비량 70kg N/ha 시험구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 질소시비량에 따른 종실수량은 질소시비량 50kg N/ha 시험구에서 4.5t/ha로 가장 높은 수량을 나타냈다. 채종재배는 종실의 수확이 목적이므로 수확지수와 종실수량을 우선적으로 고려했을때, 횡성지역 내 조사료 자급을 위한 귀리 채종 재배에 있어 적정 파종량은 100kg/ha, 적정 질소시비량은 50kg N/ha가 적합 할 것으로 판단된다.

This experiment was carried out in experiment field at Hoengseong from March to July 2015 to evaluate the seed productivity and feed value of oats (Avena sativa L.) according to the difference of seeding date. The experiment was arranged randomized complete design with three replications. The treatments were consisted of three seeding dates (12, 22 March and 2 April). The emergence and heading of oat showed a tendency to accelerate as the seeding date was delayed while the number of days taken for the flowering after the heading remained unchanged. The plant height, panicle length, number of culm, and number of panicle all tended to decrease with the delay of seeding date. The seed yield showed a significant difference with 3.55 ton/ha in 12 March and 2.38 ton/ha in 2 April (p<0.05). The dry matter yield also showed significantly different in 12 March and 2 April which were 6.57 ton/ha and 4.56 ton/ha, respectively (p<0.05). The feed value measured as CP (crude pretein), NDF (neutral detergent fiber), ADF (acid detergent fiber) and DMD (dry matter digestibility) showed no difference according to the seeding date. In the case of RFV (relative feed value), a decrease with the delay of seeding date was observed but only an insignificant difference (p>0.05). As the purpose of this study was not production of roughage but that of the seed, cultivation was in the full-ripe period, hence a relatively low feed value. In conclusion, it is considered that the appropriate seeding date for a spring cultivation of oats for the purpose of seed production in Hoengseong is in early March regarding growth characteristics, seed yield, and feed value.

이 연구는 남부지역 논에서 동계 사료맥류, 하계 조생종 벼, 추계 하파귀리 등 삼모작 재배기술을 확립하기 위해실시하였다. 월동 사료작물을 조생종 벼인 조평벼의 이앙시기에 맞춰 4월 30일 1차 수확한 처리구와 사료맥류의 수확기인 5월 30일에 수확한 처리구 모두 곡우호밀이 각각 생초수량 32.0톤/ha과 42.3톤/ha, 건물수량이 5.8톤/ha과 16.5톤/ha로 다른 작물에 비해 높은 수량을 보였다. 하계 조평벼는 5월 6일에 1차 이앙한 처리구보다 6월 4일에 2차 이앙한 처리구에서 등숙비율이 떨어지고 수량도 약 22% 감소하여 조기 이앙이 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 틈새작물로 재배한 하이스피드 귀리는 8월 28일에 1차 파종한 귀리는 10월 10일에 출수하였지만 9월 2일에 입모중으로 2차 파종한 귀리는 출수도 하지 못하였으며 1차 파종에 비해 건물수량과 TDN 수량 모두 50%를 못 미치는 결과를 나타내어 파종이 빠를수록 유리한 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 남부지역에서 삼모작을 하기 위해서는 호밀을 재배하여 4월 30일 전에 수확한 후 조평벼의 조기 이앙과 하이스피드 귀리의 적기 파종이 쌀 수량과 조사료 수량 확보에 유리한 것으로 사료되었다.

본 시험은 이른 봄에 파종한 귀리와 이탈리안 라이그라스의 생육특성과 생산성을 비교하기 위하여 2007년부터 2008년까지 국립축산과학원 최지사료과 시험포장(밭)와 전라남도농업기술원 시험포장(전, 답작)에서 수행되었다. 공시 품종은 귀리는 조생종인 스완과 만생종인 후트힐, 이탈리안 라이그라스는 조생종인 코스피드와 만생종인 화산 101호를 사용하였다. 출수기는 귀리 스완이 5월 14일, 이탈리안 라이그라스 코스피드가 5월15일로써 귀리가 1일 빨랐다. 초장

The effects of seeding rate and N fertilizer on leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, grain yield and yield components in oats were studied using split experimental design. The results indicated t㏊t seeding rate and N fertilizer ㏊d significant influence on leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and grain yield. With the increasing seeding and fertilizer rates, leaf area index, aboveground dry matter increased significantly. Oat reached the highest grain yield under 112.5㎏/h㎡ seeding rate, N2 was the best N fertilizer treatment for oat.

To examine the utilization of the soluble proteoglucan in oats as a nutraceutical ingredient, soluble components were extracted from Oat Bran Concentrate (OBC) by varying the experiment factors such as temperature (40
60oC), ethyl alcohol concentration (0~20%), and pH (5~9), and then analyzed for their compositions and viscosity. The total yield of oat soluble extracts ranged between 6.4~17.9 and the contents of β-glucan, protein, lipid, and ash in oat extracts were 21.4~38.3%, 23.2~29.0%, 8.3~11.8%, and 5.9~7.9%, respectively. The extraction yield increased with the extraction temperature, but decreased with the alcohol concentration and pH. The β-glucan and protein contents increased with increasing temperature and decreasing ethanol concentration. However, the pH level did not influenced those contents. The viscosity of 2% oat extract solution ranged between 8.6~83.1 cp at different share rates, showing the pseudo-plastic flow properties. Results suggested that extraction condition could be controlled the purity of β-glucan and protein and applied commercially to the large-scale process.

본 시험은 봄철 속정건조에 의한 건조효과와 건초품질을 구명하여 양질의 건초를 조제코자, 알팔파(Vernal)과 연맥(Swan)을 공시하여 건조방법(건조제, conditioning, 대구조)을 달리하여 1997년 봄 수원 축산기술연구소에서 수행되었다. 수확시기는 6월 3일로 얄팔파는 개화초기, 연액은 춤수기였으며, 화학제인 건조제는 2%를 수확직선 처리 하였고, 물리적인 conditioning은 모델 GMR 2800 trail-type mower cond